Žiga Kozinc

University of Primorska | UP · Faculty of Health Sciences (FVZ)

When humans perform isometric ballistic contractions of different intensities, a strong linear relationship is observed between peak force and peak rate of force development. The slope of this relationship, termed the rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF), has been proposed as a measure of neuromuscular quickness of submaximal contracti...

Countermovement jump (CMJ) is frequently used to assess the neuromuscular capacity in athletes and track adaptations to training, typically through outcome variables such as jump height, peak/mean force, power or velocity, and rate of force development. Recently, there has been an increasing interest to analyze the shape of the force-time curve of...

Shear-wave elastography is a method that is increasingly used to assess muscle stiffness in clinical practice and human health research. Recently, shear-wave elastography has been suggested and used to assess exercise-induced muscle damage. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of the utility of shear-wave elastography for assessment...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of concentrated beetroot juice on isometric strength and knee extensor muscle endurance in healthy adults. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blind experiment in which participants (18 healthy, physically active adults, 9 men, 9 women) consumed either concentrated beetroot juice (140 mL)...

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the most common overuse syndromes causing knee pain; it is especially prevalent in runners and also common in cyclists, rowers, and field athletes, with occasional cases occurring in non-athletes too. ITBS symptoms can negatively affect not only knee function, but also mental and physical aspects of health-...

This study was conducted to explore the effects of two exercise programs, performed once to twice a week, on the physical fitness and function of elderly people. The aim was study was to evaluate how different approaches to exercise - strength training and balance training - affect physical performance in a population over 65 years of age. 16 healt...

Individuals with spinal cord injury are less physically active compared to the general population, which exposes them to a higher risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality associated with them. Assessing cardio-respiratory fitness is crucial for prescribing effective aerobic exercise programs and monitoring the impact of rehabilitatio...

Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports. Susceptibility to these injuries is influenced by the muscle’s architectural characteristics, including fascicle length and pennation angle, muscle thickness, volume and cross-sectional area. These characteristics can be modified by various stimuli, including resistance training. This s...

Stretching is an important part of the training method, as it contributes to improving flexibility and reducing the risk of injury. The aim of this article was to review existing research on the acute and chronic effects of PNF stretching compared to static and dynamic stretching, focusing primarily on their impact on flexibility, muscle stiffness,...

The Maasai are culturally known for their distinctive customs and rituals, which include dancing, singing, and jumping. The tribe's jumping rituals are part of a centuries-old tradition performed by young men–warriors. These warriors, known as »Morani,« showcase their strength and skill through jumps during traditional ceremonies. During these ritu...

This study investigated the relationship between selected morphological and neuromuscular factors and deadlift performance in moderately to highly trained individuals. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, twelve male participants (mean age: 25.8± 7.1 years) underwent evaluations for grip strength, knee extensor and flexor strength, anthropometric me...

Evaluating maximal strength, inter-limb asymmetries, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (HQ) ratio is essential for identifying strength deficits in athletes. This cross-sectional study assessed the test-retest (inter-visit) reliability of the EasyForce dynamometer for knee extension and flexion strength in 21 young healthy participants (11 women, 10...

Ultrasound elastography, particularly the shear wave elastography (SWE) technique, is increasingly emerging as a promising method for assessing muscle stiffness in various clinical and research contexts. Muscle stiffness is an important property of muscle tissue that changes in response to different physiological conditions, such as muscle injuries...

This research aimed to investigate the connection between understanding pain neurophysiology and favoring a biopsychosocial method for treating back pain (BP) among physical therapists in Slovenia. Data collection was conducted through an anonymous online survey. The analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation analyses to examine the r...

Impostor Syndrome (IS) is a psychological pattern where individuals doubt their accomplishments and fear being exposed as frauds, despite evidence of success. This study investigates gender differences in IS among 753 medical and health sciences students and graduates, using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale. We aim to discern item-specific gend...

Objectives: This scoping review explores the effectiveness of abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) techniques in enhancing trunk stability and facilitating rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with lower back pain (LBP). Methods: The review synthesizes findings from 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed these t...

Impostor Syndrome (IS) is a psychological pattern where individuals doubt their accomplishments and fear being exposed as frauds, despite evidence of success. This study investigates gender differences in IS among 753 medical and health sciences students and graduates, using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale. We aim to discern item-specific gend...

This preliminary exploratory study is the first to thoroughly examine dynamic balance, inter-limb asymmetry, and flexibility in jiujitsu athletes, focusing on differences by fighting style, competition level, gender, and limb dominance. A total of 25 jiujitsu fighters participated in this cross-sectional study, which used repeated measures to ensur...

Introduction: We live in a world where the share of older adults is constantly increasing and bringing numerous challenges to our society. Among older adults, there is a noticeable increase in physical inactivity and excessive sedentary behavior, which accelerates the aging processes, negatively impacts their physical and cognitive abilities, deter...

Introduction: The global demographic landscape is undergoing a significant transformation characterized by a steady increase in the proportion of older adult individuals. This demographic evolution has a strong social, political, and economic impact and is an indicator of the social transformation of the 21st century. This demographic shift brings...

Precise range of motion (ROM) measurements are critical for diagnosing musculoskeletal impairments, planning treatment strategies and monitoring rehabilitation progress. This study compares the reliability and accuracy of ROM measurements using the EasyAngle electronic goniometer device and the Kemtai pose estimation video-based motion tracking sof...

BACKGROUND:Chronic low back pain (CLBP) significantly impairs function and productivity, emphasizing the need for effective solutions, with virtual reality (VR) emerging as a novel alternative for management. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of VR interventions on pain, disability and kinesiop...

Introduction Massage is an effective treatment for reducing pain, swelling, stiffness, and improving muscle mobility. Although self-reported benefits on muscle stiffness and pain are well-known, studies measuring muscle stiffness objectively are scarce. Methods A randomized controlled trial involving 30 recreationally active young women (22.3 ± 0....

Soccer referees are at risk of injury due to the physical demands of their role. This study evaluated the impact of the 24-week FIFA 11+ Referees training program on the quality of change of direction (COD) maneuvers in elite soccer referees. Eighty-one male referees were randomly assigned to either the 11+ referee group (n = 40) or a control group...

Introduction: The biomedical model of pain has evolved into the biopsychosocial model, recognizing pain as an intricate interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Stemming from this, pain neuroscience education (PNE) was developed. This article aims to familiarize physiotherapy experts and researchers with PNE. Methods: Utilizing P...

INTRODUCTION: Eccentric training is commonly prescribed to improve athletic performance. However, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a potential limitation of eccentric training due to its detrimental impact on subsequent performance. Recovery strategies aimed at decreasing the negative impact of EIMD are commonly implemented following strenu...

Background: There is an ongoing need for scientific validation of the effects of physiotherapeutic interventions and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) could be a valuable method in this process. Purpose: Through a series of studies, we aimed to examine the changes in tendon and muscle stiffness after...

Introduction: The eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), defined as the difference between countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performance, has been traditionally linked to elastic energy use and stretch-shortening cycle efficiency [1]. However, recent theories suggests higher EUR may also reflect different factors, such as poor concentric r...

INTRODUCTION: Vertical jumps are among most represented sport performance tests. Ground reaction force derived metrics (e.g., force, power, and force impulse) are commonly analysed. Prior research has investigated how characteristics of force-time profiles (e.g., timing of peak force [1], number of force peaks [2]) influence performance. Although a...

Purpose Eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) resistance training is emerging as a promising option in sports medicine and rehabilitation. Despite prior research on EQI contractions in quadriceps and biceps brachii, their use in hamstring injury contexts is underexplored. Therefore, our study examines and contrasts the biomechanics and fatigue effects of...

In the poster, we presented a systematic review with meta-analysis aimed at determining differences in the short-term effects of virtual reality (VR) training on pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic neck pain (CNP). We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases for relevant studies comparing VR t...

This study aimed to use data from existing systematic reviews to understand the effects of kinesio taping in various conditions. Kinesio taping has been used by clinicians for treating a broad spectrum of dysfunctions, despite limited evidence validating its efficacy. This review aims to explore the potential impact of kinesio taping on pain, disab...

The dynamic strength index (DSI) is calculated as the ratio between countermovement jump (CMJ) peak force and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak force and is said to inform whether ballistic or strength training is warranted for a given athlete. This study assessed the impact of an individualized in-season resistance training program, guided by D...

Sport science and kinesiology face significant methodological challenges that impact the quality and integrity of research. In the article, we discuss some significant methodological shortcomings and unethical practices, such as subjectivity in assessing the quality of scientific works, publication bias, splitting publications into the smallest pub...

Prolonged sitting is associated with the shortening of the hip flexor muscles, which can lead to lower back pain and altered biomechanics. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hip flexor shortening among students in different study programs (physiotherapy, sports education and kinesiology, and computer and information science)...

Muscle hypertrophy is the process of increasing the size of muscle fibers. It is a common goal for athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals aiming to enhance their physical performance or alter their body composition. Resistance training is the most effective method for increasing muscle mass, also promoting various health benefits such as improved...

Climbing has evolved from mountaineering into a number of disciplines in which climbers use specific climbing techniques that can lead to overuse injuries. According to epidemiological studies, injuries to the fingers and hands are the most common, followed by injuries to the shoulder joint. Various internal (older age, male gender, high BMI, weakn...

This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics and fatigue effects of eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) contractions between men and women. Sixteen moderately active individuals (9 men, 7 women) participated, performing EQI contractions in knee extensors and flexors. The study focused on contraction duration, torque impulse, angular ve...

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among hamstring peak force (PF), rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF), countermovement jump (CMJ), and one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in recreationally trained individuals, as well as to establish the feasibility of RFD-SD assessment for knee flexor muscles. Eighteen voluntee...

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of the Enhanced Paper Grip Test (EPGT) for assessing foot strength in volleyball and soccer players. Design: A cross-sectional observational study with repeated measurements. Setting: Field-based study. Participants: A convenience sample of 28 athletes (13 volleyball players and 15 soccer players) participate...

The rise of skateboarding, particularly its inclusion in the Olympics, highlights the need for tailored balance assessment protocols, a notable gap in current research. In this study, we explored a new skateboarding-specific postural sway test. METHODS: 28 participants (15 skateboarders, 13 non-skateboarders) performed four balance tasks on a force...

This exploratory study examines the relationship between the eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) and the rate of force development (RFD) in squat jumps (SJ). EUR, a key metric in sports science, compares performance in countermovement jumps (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ). The study hypothesizes that a higher EUR is associated with a poorer RFD in SJ. Bas...

Various tests were demonstrated with bilateral force plates, such as vertical jumping, landing, body sway, leg symmetry, and limits of stability. We discussed how these tests may be used in the prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of foam rolling (FR) on hamstring muscles stiffness in both non-damaged and exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) states, using shear wave ultrasound elastography to measure changes in shear modulus. Methods: Fourteen healthy adults (25.5 ± 4.7 years) participated in a within-participan...

Background: Strength and conditioning experts widely recognize the dynamic strength index (DSI) as a tool for assessing an athlete’s ability to utilize strength in dynamic actions. The DSI is calculated as the ratio of peak force in dynamic actions versus isometric ones. To date, the influence of fatigue on the DSI is still not fully understood. Th...

This brief review article was conducted to summarize the findings regarding correlation and agreement between different methods to assess muscle stiffness (shear wave elastography (SWE), myotonometry, and passive joint stiffness measurements). Muscle stiffness, an important biomechanical characteristic, influences joint flexibility, postural stabil...

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored the efficacy of taping as a non-pharmacological intervention for pain reduction in primary dysmenorrhoea (PD), a prevalent condition causing significant quality of life impairment. We conducted a comprehensive search across databases including PubMed, PEDro, and Web of Science to identify ran...

The aim of this scoping review was to comprehensively examine the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT), including reference values, reliability, determinants, and its practical application. By including studies irrespective of publication date, participant demographics, or research purpose, provided they were in English and incorporated UQYBT as a...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement regarding the direction of interlimb asymmetry (ILA) between different horizontal jumping tests, to examine the differences in ILA between different age categories and to assess the relationship between ILA and sprint and jump performance. The sample included 38 elite youth male soccer play...

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises on balance in older adults. We also sought to define how researchers describe proprioceptive and sensory-motor training and their respective protocols. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with sea...

Classical and sports massages are commonly used interventions, but their comparative effects on muscle stiffness remain unclear. Classical massage is more general and uses light to moderate pressure, and its main purpose is relaxation. Sports massage, on the other hand, is more specialized and targets the unique needs of massaged individuals using...

Chronic ankle instability is a condition that often occurs after a lateral ankle sprain. It affects daily activities, quality of life and can cause further ankle injuries. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy methods and techniques, epidemiology, and risk factors of chronic ankle ins...

The phenomenon in which the force produced by maximal contraction of both limbs is less than the sum of the forces produced by the individual limbs is called bilateral deficit (BLD) and is observed in different movement patterns and types of muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of BLD during grip test and isometric...

The aim of this paper was to investigate the incidence of injuries among runners in Slovenia and to examine whether selected habits (mainly regarding training) and characteristics of runners are associated with injuries. 205 subjects, 83 men and 122 women, participated in the survey-based research. We found that there were no gender differences in...

Flexibility is an essential component of physical fitness. It is affected by several factors, that can be divided into central and peripheral mechanisms. Peripheral mechanisms, among others, include muscle stiffness. Recently, ultrasound shear wave elastography has been established as a reliable method to assess muscle stiffness. In our study, we a...

Y-balance test for lower limbs (LQYBT) and upper limbs (UQYBT) are frequently used to assess dynamic single-leg balance. In this study, we aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of both tests, to compare scores on the dominant and nondominant sides and report on the magnitude of asymmetry, as well as assess any gender differences. A sample of...

Phenomenon: Impostor syndrome (IS) is manifested in the fear of failing and being exposed as incompetent, despite exceptional professional performance. IS has been recognized in many professions, including medicine. Understanding IS prevalence and risk factors is critical to ensure the well-being of medical students and, by extension, future physic...

Background: Over the past two decades, biopsychosocial models of education have emerged for the treatment of various conditions, including neck pain (NP). One increasingly popular biopsychosocial education method is Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE), which educates patients about the neurobiological and neurophysiological basis of their conditions....

Persistent (i.e., chronic) pain negatively impacts various areas of a person's life, such as functioning, social life, ability to work and perform daily activities, sleep, and mood. Incorporating an explanation of the psychological and physiological processes involved in the experience of pain into the treatment of patients with chronic pain can he...

Current treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases does not give sufficient results despite the implementation of novel drugs and techniques in orthopaedics and physical therapy. For instance, osteoporosis treatment is currently mainly limited to drug application, while the goal of osteoarthritis treatment is to mitigate pain symptoms through ph...

The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in bilateral and unilateral dynamic strength index (DSI) between age categories (seniors and juniors), player positions (guards and forwards), its variation during the basketball season, and its association with sprint and change of direction (CoD) performance. Highly trained basketball player...

Ultrasound elastography is a valuable method employed to evaluate tissue stiffness, with shear-wave elastography (SWE) recently gaining significance in various settings. This literature review aims to explore the potential of SWE as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for musculoskeletal injuries. In total, 15 studies found and included in the review....

Enhanced paper grip test (EPGT) has been recently suggested as an improved version of the classical paper grip test. The test is used to measure toe flexor strength. The EPGT has been introduced by Chatzistergos et al. (2020, Gait & posture, 81, 120-125). To further augment the utility of the EPGT, especially when applied to individuals with superi...

This study aimed to compare the acute effects of static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on hamstrings flexibility and shear modulus. Sixteen recreationally active young volunteers participated in a rand-omized cross-over study. Participants underwent an aerobic warm-up (WU), followed by either SS or PN...

ENG: One of the most common pathologies that causes hip pain is femuroacetabular impingement (FAI). The purpose of this article is to review the risk factors and treatment approaches for this pathology. Participation in sports can influence the development of ‘cam’ morphology, which probably develops during adolescence. The authors agree that arthr...

IntroductionChronic neck pain (CNP) substantially impacts quality of life, posing both personal challenges and economic strains. This systematic review sought to discern muscle-specific stiffness differences between CNP patients and individuals without CNP.Methods We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases for studies using ultrasound elas...

Hockey players must have good coordination skills, agility, and control of their body movements. The main movement pattern is the skating, which consists of a support and a swing phase. Those who skate effectively can reach speeds up to 48 km/h. Traumatic injuries predominate in hockey, with medial collateral ligament injury being the most common i...

This study explored the sensitivity of jump type (unilateral and bilateral) and output variable (mean force, propulsive impulse, and jump height) to detect the changes in inter-limb asymmetries induced by unilateral and bilateral fatigue protocols. Thirty-eight individuals performed two testing sessions that consisted of (I) 9 “pre-fatigued” counte...

Tendinopathies are one of the most common tendon injuries. In about 25% of tendinopathies, surgical treatment is required. In the others, conservative treatment is sufficient. Exercise-therapeutic protocols (ETP) are commonly used as the primary conservative treatment modality. The effect of ETP depends on the type of muscle contraction during the...

Namen študije je bil raziskati vključenost staršev v trenažni in tekmovalni proces pri mladih športnikih med 14. in 19. letom ter jo primerjati glede na starost, spol in vrsto športa. V študijo je bilo vključenih 281 mladih športnikov (188 žensk in 93 moških). Vključenost staršev smo ugotavljali z vprašalnikom PISQ (angl. Parental Involvement in Sp...

Namen članka je povzeti znanstveno literaturo na temo vpliva koncentriranega soka rdeče pese na mišično jakost, moč in hitrost. Zaradi določenih mehanizmov delovanja nitratov se v teoriji zdi smiselno domnevati, da zaužitje koncentriranega soka rdeče pese poleg vzdržljivosti izboljša tudi mišično jakost in moč. Naš pregled literature ni zaznal pozi...

V članku povzemamo znanstveno literaturo na temo mišično-skeletnih poškodb pri golfistih. Največkrat poročajo o poškodbah ledvene hrbtenice in zgornjega uda, med temi so najpogostejše: tendinopatija podlahtnične iztegovalke in upogibalke zapestja, zlom kaveljnice, ruptura trikotnega fibrozno-hrustančnega kompleksa, de Quervain-ov sindrom, intersekc...

Ravnotežje je med ključnimi gibalnimi sposobnostmi, ki omogočajo starejšim odraslim neodvisno, učinkovito in varno gibanje. Proprioceptivna in senzorno-motorična vadba se v literaturi pogosto omenjata kot učinkovita pristopa za izboljšanje ravnotežja in gibalne funkcije pri tej populaciji. Hkrati ni povsem jasno, v čem se vadbena pristopa razlikuje...

Vadba proti uporu je namenjena poveča-nju mišične zmogljivosti (mišične jakosti in moči). Aktivnost posamezne mišice med različnimi vajami je najenostavneje meriti s površinsko elektromiografijo. V tem članku smo zbrali vse dosedanje pregledne članke na temo primerjave aktivnosti različnih mišic trupa in spodnjih okončin pri različnih vajah ter na...

Regular physical activity improves overall health, reduces the risk of many diseases, strengthens muscles and bones, lowers blood pressure, slows resting heart rate, increases lung capacity, and improves the immune system, balance, and coordination of movement in the general population and in people with physical disabilities. Adapted sports allows...

We investigated the associations and differences between dynamic strength index (DSI) calculated from different types of vertical jump (countermovement jump; CMJ and squat jump; SJ) and different isometric knee joint angles (30, 60 and 90°), and associations with force-velocity (FV) profile and its constituent variables (maximal theoretical force (...

UVOD: Primarni namen naše zaključne naloge je bil preučiti vpliv ekscentrične vadbe (ECC) v primerjavi s tradicionalno ali koncentrično vadbo (CON) na mišično jakost, telesno sestavo in funkcionalno zmogljivost pri starejših odraslih. METODE: Pregledali smo tri glavne baze podatkov znanstvene literature (PubMed, Scopus in Web of Science) ter v met...

UVOD: Bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta (BSH) in bolečina v medeničnem obroču (BMO) prizadeneta večino nosečnic vsaj enkrat v času nosečnosti. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti pojavnost BSH in/ali BMO v nosečnosti, nivo doseganja priporočil o redni telesni aktivnosti med nosečnostjo ter povezanost med količino in tipom telesne aktivnosti ter pojavom B...

BACKGROUND: Measurements of hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) are important in strength and conditioning as well as in clinical practice. However, there is no clear consensus on how ABD and ADD compare in strength in different populations. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to perform a quantitative synthesis of comparisons between the isometric strength...

PURPOSE: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the short- and long-term effects of virtual reality training (VRT) on pain, range of motion (RoM), kinesiophobia and perceived function in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP). METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases for studies assessing effect of VRT aga...

The aim of this review was to examine the available literature on inter-limb strength and power asymmetries and their effect on sports performance. In total, 31 studies were included. The findings indicate a negative effect of strength asymmetries on change of direction, sprinting, cycling and kicking performance. They may also be detrimental to ju...

This study explored the relationships between passive muscle stiffness (shear modulus) and vertical jumping performance, countermovement utilization ratio (CUR) and rate of force development (RFD) in an attempt to unravel the mechanism that may explain the association between shear modulus and performance. 32 recreationally active participants (16...

Recently, the transient characteristics of postural sway have been suggested as an alternative or an improvement to traditional whole-trial analyses, possibly reflecting the sensory reweighing process. The purpose of this study was to assess if the transient characteristics of postural sway are sensitive to age and postural tasks. Twenty young adul...

The acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is an increasingly common injury due to an active lifestyle and participation in sports, especially in the middle-aged group. We conducted a focused review of the literature and found that the acute rupture of the Achilles tendon leaves long-term changes in the structure of the triceps surae muscle, regardle...

Purpose The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the effects of 1-h sitting with and without short active breaks on muscle stiffness as measured by shear-wave elastography (SWE). Methods The participants (7 females, 3 males; age: 24.9 ± 1.2 years) completed two (with and without active breaks) 1-h sitting exposures on separate days. Ac...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze Slovenian data on sick leave (SL) due to the most common work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers in sector I "accommodation and food services activities" from the NACE Rev2 classification. Methods: We investigated both SL incidence (i.e., number of cases) and disease severity (...

Impostor syndrome (IS) manifests as fear of being exposed as incompetent, despite exceptional professional achievements. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IS among physiotherapy students and to investigate whether there are significant differences according to demographic variables. Data were collected using the Clance Im...

Jump tests are commonly used in gymnasts as jump height is important for the successful execution of gymnastics elements. For this reason, the evaluation of jumping characteristics can provide a way to make training-related decisions. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between reactive strength index (RSI) and reactive streng...

The aim of this study was to analyse the nationwide data on sick leaves (SL) due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Slovenian workers in section E “water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities” from NACE Rev2 classification. We report both, SL frequency (ie, number of cases) and SL severity (ie, average SL durati...

The aim of the study was to obtain body-mass normalised reference values of isometric ankle strength through a thorough literature review and consequent meta-analysis of the acquired data. A total of 133 studies with a total of 3755 participants were included in the final analysis. The results were sorted by the angle in the knee joint (extended, p...

Vertical jump height is a widely used variable in sport science and physical education. This narrative review summarizes various numerical methods used to calculate vertical jump height. In force plate technology, the jump height is most commonly calculated using the flight time (FT) or the takeoff velocity (TOV), which provide only the distance tr...

Muscle stiffness has been implicated as a possible factor in low back pain risk. There are few studies on the effects of isometric fatigue on the shear modulus of trunk muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of trunk isometric fatigue on the passive and active (during low and high-level contractions) shear moduli of the erector spinae...

Patelofemoralna bolečina je opredeljena kot bolečina v sprednjem delu kolena, ki izhaja iz sklepa med pogačico in stegnenico. Poznavanje literature s tega področja je pomembno, saj gre za eno najpogostejših mišično-skeletnih poškodb, ki prizadene mlade in aktivne odrasle osebe. V tem članku smo na podlagi pregleda sistematičnih preglednih člankov i...

Vadba na osnovi izgube hitrosti je novejša metoda za spremljanje in optimizacijo treninga. Izguba hitrosti izvedbe vaje je razlika med najhitrejšo in izbrano izvedeno ponovitvijo ter je kazalnik živčno-mišične utrujenosti. Prevelika utrujenost negativno vpliva na razvoj jakosti, moči in hitrosti, zato je spremljanje utrujenosti prek merjenja izgube...

Za vrednotenje odrivne moči se najpogosteje uporabljata navpični skok iz počepa (angl. squat jump; SJ) in navpični skok z nasprotnim gibanjem (angl. countermovement jump; CMJ). Pri tem se poleg analize osnovnih izhodnih parametrov pogosto vrednoti tudi razmerje med rezultati istovrstnih spremenljivk pri CMJ in SJ, poimenovano kot indeks izkoristka...

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common occurrence in postpartum women, and it is unclear what types of nonsurgical interventions are most effective in preventing and/or reducing it. The aim of this review with meta-analysis was to investigate which conservative treatment approaches are the most effective for the management of postpartum DRA. A...