Zhixing Zhao

• University of Gothenburg

The detachment regimes and corresponding detachment height of lower liquid from a coated bubble during the bubble passage through an immiscible liquid–liquid interface were studied. High-speed imaging techniques were used to visualize the lower liquid detachment from a rising bubble near the interface. Analysis of industrial slag samples by a scann...

With the growing interest in high-frequency applications for CMOS, conventional DC reliability analysis might not be sufficient to tackle the reliability issues in this domain. Especially in complex modulation schemes and high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) applications, the transistors are subjected to a strong lateral field when the gate voltage...

The ejectorEjectorsystem of annular lime kilnBeckenbach annular lime kiln was modified for energyEnergy saving and pollution reduction. Under the principle of high air pressure and speed, the driving air flow and movement system was improved to achieve high ejectorEjector pressure and strong siphon effectSiphonic effect. The technical transformatio...

In order to investigate the influence of oxygen content in sinteringSintering flue gas on the heat generated by coke combustion and sintering flue gas, the thermodynamic calculation was carried out with FactSage softwareSoftware. Combustion kinetics under different oxygen content was studied with thermogravimetric analyzer. Thermodynamic research r...

This paper presents the modeling and analysis of the high-frequency noise in 22-nm FDSOI CMOS technology. Experimental noise parameters up to 170 GHz of a multi-finger n-channel transistor are extracted by utilizing the tuner-based method. The Pucel (PRC) noise model is applied and validated for prediction of 22-nm FDSOI noise characteristics from...

Electrolyte additives have been widely studied in the improvement of stability of aqueous electrolytes. Here, we report a crosslinking cotton fiber-/PVA-based membrane (CPM) with an excellent porosity of 73.82% and an ultrahigh liquid electrolyte uptake of 900 wt %, prepared by the solution casting method. Li2SO4 as an electrolyte salt and various...

The paper presents a novel approach to the modeling of the back-gate dependence of the threshold voltage of Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs down to cryogenic temperatures by using slope factors with a gate coupling effect. The FDSOI technology is well-known for its capability to modulate the threshold voltage efficiently by the...

The transistor compact model is crucial but has yet to mature for cryogenic electronics. This paper presents a sophisticated analytical model of the MOSFET subthreshold current at cryogenic temperatures, accounting for the thermionic, hopping, source-to-drain tunneling transports, and the Gaussian-distributed interface traps to bridge the gap. Hopp...

In this paper two processes with different source and drain out diffusion into the channel of medium thick gate oxide devices in 22FDX® are compared in terms of HCI reliability (electrical field) and DC/RF performance. The margin to pass HCI reliability of the under-drive device allows a steeper source/drain doping profile which enables further gat...

Lithium metal is considered one of the most promising anode materials because of its high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrode potential, but practical application is hampered by high reactivity and volume variation in circulation. As a key component, the artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is designed to effectively stabilize th...

The quality factor (Q) of two inductors for 5-60 GHz applications fabricated in an industrial back-end of line (22FDX® from GlobalFoundries) with thick Cu metal layers on top of several Si substrates of different bulk resistivities is analyzed in this paper. The low frequency RF inductor shows an improvement of up to 44% in Q with a high-resistivit...

The following study employs RF waveform engineering to monitor degradation in 22nm FDSOI transistor at high-frequency region. The current and voltage waveforms are measured, reconstructed, and de-embedded to the device’s intrinsic during large-signal CW RF stress testing. This technique provides extra information on device performance compared with...

Strained-SiGe channel structures have been widely exploited in advanced nanoscale CMOS technology nodes to enhance the performance of p-FETs, especially in the high frequency domain. By relaxing the contacted poly pitch (CPP) to gain beneficial strain effect, a previous study has reported a significant improvement in the transconductance, and thus,...

The development process of the FDSOI CMOS technology is continuously ongoing to improve the performance for high-frequency applications, especially for power amplification. Meanwhile, customized transistor devices pose difficulties to be integrated fast into the existing foundry’s PDK for nonlinear analysis. This paper thereby presents an empirical...

A high-performance gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and natural lignocellulose (LC) was successfully prepared via a simple coating method. The mechanical strength of the composite membrane is greatly enhanced and the dissociation of lithium salt is significantly promoted. Additionally, when the content of PVDF i...

This paper presents an in-depth DC characterization of 22nm FDSOI CMOS technology down to deep cryogenic temperature, i.e., 2.95K. The impact of the back-gate voltage (Vback) on device performance, i.e., threshold voltage (VT) and carrier transport, is investigated over a wide temperature range. Moreover, semiclassical and quantum transports of two...

In this paper, an iron ore with high iron grade and low silicon content was used in pelletizing experiments. Specific surface areas were tested, and it would increase slowly and then have a rapid increase with the increasing of particle sizes. Thirty percentage of the high iron grade ore could be used when −200 meshes content of the ore reached to...

As an important source of copper losses to the slag, SO2 bubbles formed in the quiescent settlement zone of smelting furnace bring matte into slag phase through the immiscible matte-slag interface. The penetration and entrainment mechanisms of large bubbles were studied while the entrainment by micro bubbles was rarely investigated. In this paper,...

The effect of steam injection on emission reduction and the quality index of sintering were studied. The sintering cup test showed that steam injection on the sintering bed surface has the effect of reducing NOx. It was also beneficial to reduce fuel consumption and the emission of SO2. After steam injection, the sinter drum index is slightly incre...

Most gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for sodium-ion batteries developed at present have some problems, such as limited absorption uptake of liquid electrolyte (LE) and low ionic conductivity of corresponding GPEs caused by the difficulty of transporting sodium ions with large radius. In view of these problems, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)...

High Li⁺ ion transference number gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) comprised of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) matrix with adding hybrid nanoparticle polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) are presented. POSS is a cage-type inorganic-organic nanoparticle which could hinder large anions transport and improve Li⁺ ions conduction. An optimiz...

Two-dimensional (2D) materials combined with carbonaceous materials have shown remarkable properties for boosting the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Precise spatial modulation and accurate transmission characteristics of electronic conductivity require good contact between materials. Herein, the preparation of a molybdenum disulfide/p...

In this work, we study and characterize the layout-induced device strain and its impact on RF performance of 22-nm-ultrathin body and buried oxide fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (UTBB FDSOI) P-channel field-effect transistor (PFET). This will help in boosting and optimizing the RF performance for the targeted application. With shrinking device...

In this study, the phase transformations of steelmaking slags were identified for the purpose of phosphorus separation and material recycling, where the samples after high-temperature experiments and quenching were characterized using electron probe x-ray microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. For hot slags held under argon atmosphere, the main phase...

A novel aqueous alkaline gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was obtained by combining cotton with PVA, offering a wide operating electrochemical window (1.6 V) for aqueous supercapacitors (SCs). The effects achieved can be explained that the free water is limited inside GPE by strong hydrogen bonds, and hydrate cations and hydrate anions change into sma...

This article presents a systematic empirical modeling approach in fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS for large-signal simulation in power amplifier applications. The model is constructed from multibias S-parameter measurements up to 67 GHz. The frequency dispersions in transconductance and output conductance are addressed by two indep...

The particle size of imported iron ores has gradually become bigger, which is adverse to mineralization and reaction in sinteringSintering process. At present, only imported iron ore fines are used in Jingtang sinteringSintering plant. And it is hard to control the particle size of imported iron ores. Different iron ore fines are mixed properly bef...

In this paper, study on sinter iron oresSinter iron ores and titanium oresTitanium ores used in pelletizing was carried out. Bond work indexes of different sinter iron oresSinter iron ores and titanium oresTitanium ores were measured. Ballability would be improved, and falling strength and compression strength of green pelletsPellet would be increa...

MgO was considered to be an indispensable mineral composition of the modern sinteringSintering process. Fluidity of liquid phaseFluidity of liquid phase reflecting the scope of effective bonding makes a clear distinction among MgO-bearing fluxesMgO-bearing fluxes in the sinteringSintering process. Mg–Ca combination forms of dolomite, l-dolomite, se...

Characteristics and behaviors of primary slagPrimary slag are of central importance for the cohesive zone. This work focuses on phase transformation and viscositiesViscosity of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–FeO–TiO2 slag (TiO2 = 4~16 wt%, CaO/SiO2 = 1.1 ~ 1.5, FeO = 5~25 wt%). The melting process of TiO2 bearing primary slagPrimary slag can be divided into th...

In order to reduce the fuel rateFuel rate of blast furnaceBlast furnace and promote green development, Shougang Jingtang Steel company has built two straight grate indurating machines with a productivity of 8 million tons of ironIron ore pellets. In this paper, the production technologies of self-fluxed pellets with hydrated lime were studied and t...

Pellet is one of the important feeds to ironIronblast furnaceBlast furnace and increased proportion of the pellet is used around the world. Pellet production is cleaner than sinter and its uniform properties allow stable blast furnaceBlast furnace operations. Boron ironIronconcentrateBoron iron concentrate is a by-product during production of boron...

Phase equilibria and liquidus temperatures in the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO system at a CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.9 in the liquid phase have been experimentally determined employing high‐temperature equilibration and quenching technique followed by electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. Isotherms at 1573, 1623, 1673, and 1773 K were determined and the prima...

This paper presents the W-band noise performance of the 22nm FDSOI CMOS technology. In detail, the mm-wave thin-oxide MOSFETs is characterized comprehensively in term of device geometries using the tuner-based noise measurement approach. To aid the noise analysis and extraction, the following study adopts an accurate small-signal equivalent circuit...

This paper applies a conversion matrix approach to the linearity analysis of a varactor-based 36-GHz CMOS parametric upconverter. The nonlinear model of the upconverter is explained and derived. The comparison between the measurements, simulations, and theoretical calculation is presented to show excellent agreements: 0.5- and 1.5-dB differences in...

The excellent properties of titanium pellet Z in the blast furnace hearth protection were determined by studying the composition, metallurgical properties and a over four years period of application practice of titanium-containing pellets(C&Z) and ores (J, G&D) in a domestic blast furnace. The reduction and softening-melting properties of titanium...

This paper investigates the applicability of a thick-oxide transistor from the 22FDX® for 5G NR sub-6 GHz front-end modules. Characterisation and evaluation of the GlobalFoundries's FDSOI n-MOSFETs regarding RF front-end figure-of-merits, such as output power, efficiency and linearity are discussed. Load-pull measurements are performed to extract t...

Titanium-bearing materials are commonly adopted for the protection of blast furnace hearth in the actual practices. In this study, the effects of smelting temperature, amount of TiO2 addition, slag basicity and MgO content on the titanium distribution behaviours were experimentally studied using high-temperature smelting, equilibrium and quenching...

Spraying technology on sintering surface bed after ignition has become a hot research topic, with the purpose of achieving energy-saving, emission reduction and improvement of sintering indexes. In this paper spraying steam technology was researched from theory, experiment and practice. First of all, from the thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, the...

Grate bar is the key component of the sinter machine used for loading sinter and raw materials. Bar channels are sometimes bonded into blocks, which affects the service life of bar, and more importantly reduces the effective ventilation area of the sintering, affecting the normal production of sintering, resulting in unstable negative pressure, hig...

Spraying medium to achieve an energy-saving and emission reduction for iron ore sintering has been researched, such as spraying natural gas, coke oven gas, oxygen, sintering flue gas and gas from annular cooler. This paper focuses on effect of spraying steam on sintering surface on reduction of NOx and dioxin emissions in practical sintering produc...

The effects of minor elements TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O, CaS, and B2O3 to the liquidus temperatures of blast furnace slags were experimentally studied. The base blast furnace slag composition in SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO system is fixed at CaO/SiO2=1.1, 16 wt% Al2O3 and 8 wt% MgO. The liquidus temperatures of the synthetic slags have been determined by high te...

Metallurgical properties of slag are determined to a great extent by its viscosity. High-temperature viscosity measurements are time-consuming and expensive. It is necessary to develop an accurate viscosity model for blast furnace slag in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO system using reliable viscosity data. This paper describes a systemic evaluation procedu...

Phase equilibria and liquidus temperatures in the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO system with CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 1.10 have been experimentally determined by means of high temperature equilibration and quenching technique followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Isotherms in the interval of 20 K between 1613 and 1733 K were determined in the primary...

Operational performance of ironmaking processes is determined to a great extent by its slag viscosity. A simple and accurate viscosity model for blast furnace (BF) slags has been developed based on the Urbain model using the critically evaluated experimental data reported by the authors and other researchers. A total number of 2958 viscosity measur...

High temperature softening behaviours of iron blast furnace feeds (sinter, lump and pellet) have been determined under conditions simulated to the blast furnace. The industrial samples were packed with sandwich structure (coke / ore / coke) in graphite crucibles and 30 CO / 70 Ar gas mixture was blowing directly through the bottom of the crucibles....

High temperature softening behaviours of iron blast furnace feeds (sinter, lump and pellet) have been determined under conditions simulated to the blast furnace. The industrial samples were packed with sandwich structure (coke / ore / coke) in graphite crucibles and 30 CO / 70 Ar gas mixture was blowing directly through the bottom of the crucibles....

The first direct anti-series CMOS tripler is described in this letter. MOS varactors are arranged in a back-to-back configuration free of the self-bias problem that prevents standard Schottky varactors from employing such an arrangement. Implemented in 130 nm CMOS, the circuit achieves a 28 dB conversion loss at 102 GHz with an output power of -20...

SUMMARY This paper discusses parametric CMOS mixers as potential radio-frequency front-end contributors to advanced mm-wave and sub-mm-wave wireless communicators. It outlines fundamental concepts underlying parametric circuit operation highlighting its benefits with regards to power consumption, speed, and noise performance. The implementation of...

Parametric circuit techniques are a promising means of applying CMOS to millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and sub-mm-wave front-ends. However, almost no experimental results are available for these circuits in modern silicon technologies. In this letter, a parametric 0.5-to-35.5 GHz upconverter based on an accumulation-mode MOS varactor (AMOSV) is implemen...

A parametric MOS varactor-based integrated frequency doubler is reported. The circuit is implemented in 130 nm CMOS but uses a conservative 0.35 μm gate length and produces an output between 94 and 108 GHz with a minimum measured conversion loss of 14.5 dB and a maximum output power of -7.5 dBm. Slow-wave transmission line filters are employed to r...

Parametric circuits constitute a longstanding RF technique that has been largely ignored by the RFIC community. Increasing interest in applying CMOS to (sub)millimeter-wave applications plus mounting scaling complexity may combine to revitalize this circuit style. This paper presents basic parametric downconverter structures, their theory of operat...

Accumulation-mode MOS varactors (AMOSVs) are considered for use in THz frequency multipliers. The superior modulation ratios and lower series loss relative to silicon Schottky diodes for a 130-nm CMOS technology are highlighted. Dynamic cutoff frequencies in excess of 1-THz are predicted. AMOSV potential for 10-dB loss, 600-GHz doublers is discusse...

A 3.65-GHz all-analog wireless reflector acting as a cooperative diversity repeater is built in 0.13-μm CMOS technology and its performance is evaluated. Interfaced with a folded dipole antenna, the circuit can achieve a 23.5-dB gain for a very low power consumption equal to 300 μW.

Parametric amplifiers are absent today from the majority of electronics applications. This is especially the case for parametric downconverters (PDCs). Coupled with the increasing emphasis on millimeter-wave applications and the cost of transistor scaling, the time may be right to reconsider these circuits. By employing coupled-mode theory, we arri...

A 4-GHz 1.2-V all-analog wireless reflector acting as a cooperative diversity repeater is built in 0.13-μm CMOS technology. Interfaced with a dipole antenna, the circuit achieves 22.3-dB gain for a low power consumption equal to 120 μW. By applying slow phase sweeping at the reflector node, diversity gain is achieved and the coverage area of an ind...

IC parametric mixers built in CMOS are a promising means of realizing high-gain, low-noise and low-power RF heterodyne downconverters. This paper looks at two known parametric topologies and discusses a new approach intended to simplify the LO. Measured MOS varactor data is used to demonstrate the feasibility of mixers with 10-dB gain, sub 5-dB NFs...