Zhao Jinlong

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Associate) at China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing

Leakage and spill fires frequently occur during the storage, transportation, and processing of liquid fuels. In response to liquid fires, sand is a commonly used firefighting material in some storage and transport places, such as petrol stations and oil pipeline networks. In this investigation, we conducted continuous heptane leakage experiments (w...

Mountain photovoltaic (PV) power stations cover vast areas and contain dense equipment. Once direct current arc faults occur in PV modules, they can pose a serious thermal threat to surrounding facilities and combustible materials, potentially resulting in a PV array fire accident. In this work, a series of PV module fire experiments were conducted...

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, which seamlessly integrate solar photovoltaic components into building structures, have garnered widespread attention for their aesthetic appeal and energy efficiency. However, the promotion of BIPV systems has also raised new fire safety concerns. This paper reviews recent fire incident cases and co...

Large quantities of water are often used to extinguish fires when accidental fuel leakage occurs during storage and transportation. This may lead to spill fires on water. Boilover and splash of heavy oil spill fires in particular can pose a serious thermal threat to surrounding facilities and personnel. In this work, a series of diesel spill fire e...

Due to low costs, pipelines are commonly used for transporting hazardous substances such as combustible liquids and gasses. Currently, chemical industrial parks and gas production stations have dense pipeline networks. In the case of a pipeline leakage and subsequent fire accident, the adjacent pipelines could be directly impinged by the flame or e...

Large-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are widely used in electric bicycles. However, while crucial, thermal runaway (TR) behaviors under overcharge conditions have rarely been studied, leading to frequent fire accidents. This paper investigates the overcharge behavior and TR characteristics of four LFP batteries with the same compon...

Fuel leakage and spill fires often occur during storage and transportation of liquid fuels. And the spread and burning processes of spill fires are susceptible to cross-air flows. In this paper, spill fire experiments were conducted on a fireproof glass (with or without ignition) under different wind speeds (0–2 m/s). The effects of wind on the spr...

This paper is aimed at studying the down-reaching flame behaviors of tank fires with large ullage heights. Experiments were first conducted using a gas burner in a transparent quartz glass cylinder to simulate the large ullage and the experimental data was used to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Subsequently the effects of ul...

As thin-layer burning of fuels on water are often followed by thin-layer boilover fires, particularly during the firefighting process, an experimental and numerical study was undertaken to address key aspects of such fires, especially in plateau areas (i.e., sub-atmospheric pressure). In the thin-layer boilover experiments at sub-atmospheric pressu...

High-rise buildings (HRBs) are prone to high fire hazards due to their high occupant density, limited evacuation routes, and high fire load. The indicator system method, as a systematic evaluation method, is widely applied to assess HRB fire risk. However, the method is subjective because the determination of the indicator weights mainly relies on...

Continuous fuel spill fires are a common accident scenario which needs to be considered for the safe operation of tunnels, given the potential threat posed to trapped persons. In this paper, a series of continuous spill fire experiments on a concrete surface were studied using a 1/8 reduced-scale tunnel model. Gasoline was used as the discharge fue...

China is the country with the largest number of tunnels, the largest tunnel construction scale, and the fastest development of tunnels in the world [...]

Closed coal bunkers emerged as a novel form of coal storage for coal-fired power stations. Nevertheless, heat builds continually in the storage process because of the constant oxidation of coal and combined with the impact of a confined coal bunker environment, it is difficult for heat to dissipate, resulting in frequent coal bunker fires. Conseque...

Storage tank fires can endanger society and the environment by generating intense heat radiation, rapidly spreading blazes, and cataclysmic explosions. Various types of foam and even two or more mixed foams are commonly used in storage tank fire disposal sites. This research aims to experimentally and analytically assess the efficacy of various and...

Single-ended tunnels are a typical structure and an important part during tunnel construction. In the case of a fire in a single-ended tunnel, forced ventilation is commonly used to create a safe area near the excavation face. This work is aimed at examining the effects of fire location and air volume on fire development for single-ended tunnel fir...

Liquid fuel is widely used in industry and transportation. Liquid fuel leakage usually results in some spill fire accidents. In this paper, the effect of slope on the spread and burning behaviors of continuous spill fire from a point discharge source was studied by experiments. The flame spread rate, burning rate, heat convection at the bottom surf...

The re-ignition of large-scale storage tank fires poses one of the greatest challenges in firefighting and it is thus of practical importance to develop efficient fire extinguishing agents to suppress and control liquid pool fires. In this study, a novel gel-protein foam was prepared. The microstructure, foamability, stability and water retention c...

In the last decades, several major fire accidents involving storage tanks occurred, particularly for the tanks with a low fuel level (large ullage height). In case of a tank fire, the axial temperature profile is affected by the ullage because of the restriction in air entrainment by the tank sidewall. This work is aimed at examining the temperatur...

Cables modified with flame retardants are widely used in the coal mining process to enhance their fire safety performance. This paper investigates experimentally and numerically the thermo-oxidative degradation process of PVC-based mining cable sheath, which consists of PVC resin and plasticizers (Phthalate esters), fillers (Calcium carbonate), and...

Storage tank fire can pose great threats to life and environment as it can cause strong radiant heat, fast-spreading flame, and destructive explosion. In this research, a 1.5 m-diameter circular steel pan is used to simulate the full surface fire of a storage tank in an industrial park. A self-built fire-extinguishing system gently releasing foam a...

Spill fires caused by oil leakage from tankers may pose a threat to the liquid transportation safety. In this paper, a series of large-scale gasoline continuous spill fire experiments were conducted on a water surface. The spread area, flame height, burning rate and the temperatures in the water layer were measured for different fuel discharge rate...

Elucidating the characteristics of continuous oil spill fires for different slope conditions can provide important theoretical support for the prevention of, and rescue strategies during, oil spill fire accidents. For this research, we conducted experiments to observe the spread and burning process of continuous oil spill fires under different slop...

Tank farms are commonly used for storing large quantities of liquid fuels. The design, construction, operation, and maintenance of a tank farm must be in accordance with standards/codes applicable to specific countries. Existing codes on the design of storage tank farms are largely based on tests performed at standard atmospheric pressure and assoc...

In the event of double fires in tunnels, the combustion is strengthened and the smoke movement is restricted by the strong flame plumes. Heavy smoke accumulates rapidly between the two fires, which can result in serious casualties. For this paper, a series of experiments was carried out using a 1:10 scale tunnel, to primarily investigate the fire e...

In this study, the characteristics of smoke spread in tunnel fires during construction were investigated using numerical modelling. Besides, the method for improvement of smoke control was investigated. The results indicate that the smoke still maintains a good layered structure after hitting the excavation face when the fire is very close to the e...

Floating-roof tanks are widely used in chemical parks and in case of fires, it is common to form pool fires with varying ullage height. This paper is aimed at examining experimentally and analytically the effects of ullage height on the burning and flame behaviors of heptane pool fires. A series of pool fire tests with four fuel tray sizes (D = 20–...

The spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual air‐dried coal change after soaking, which can pose a threat to coal mining safety. To study the effects of increasing alkalinity, pH values (7–11), on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal, we conducted a number of experiments using thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier‐transform infr...

The liquid fuel safety issues on fuel storage, transportation and processing have gained most attention because of the high fire risk. In this paper, some 0# diesel pool fire experiments with different diameters (0.2–1 m) were conducted with initial fuel thicknesses of 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively, to obtain liquid fuel combustion characteristics. S...

Spontaneous combustion of secondary oxidation coal seriously affects the safety of goaf in coal mine. To investigate the effect of nitrogen on secondary oxidation coal, thermal analysis and temperature-programmed methods were adopted to explore the thermal behavior and extinguishing ability. The combustion process was divided into the heating proce...

This paper examines experimentally the burning behaviors of thin-layer transformer oil on a water layer. A series of transformer oil pool fire experiments with different initial fuel thicknesses was performed. The burning process, burning rate, liquid temperature and radiative heat flux were measured. The experimental results show that the whole pr...

This paper examines experimentally the burning behaviors of transformer oil pool fires. A series of transformer oil pool fire tests with different pool diameters (0.2~1m) was conducted. The mass burning rate, flame height, liquid layer temperature, flame temperature, and radiative heat flux were measured and analyzed. A new correlation for the mass...

This paper examines the effects of the slope on the burning and spread process of JP-4 continuous spill fires. Spill fires experiments were conducted on surfaces with different slope angles (0˚-3˚) in a rectangular trench (0.8m×6m). The spread and burning behaviors including the spread process, burning rate and flame height are recorded and analyze...

The slope of ground has a significant impact on the spread and burning process for spill fires on land. In this paper, a series of continuous spill fire experiments were conducted on a fireproof glass sheet with different slope angles (0.5°, 1°, 3°) to study the effects of slope on fuel spread and burning behaviors. The results show that the spread...

Spill fires usually occur with liquid fuel storage and transportation, which may pose a threat to process safety and environmental protection. Analysis on the liquid layer spread and burning behavior is vital for preventing and mitigating spill fire accidents. In the study, a number of heptane continuous spill fire experiments on a fireproof glass...

The thin-layer burning behaviors of gasoline, including the heat flux feedback to the burning surface, the penetrating thermal radiation, the temperature profile of liquid layer, and the burning rate were studied in experiments of thin-layer pool fires in square, fireproof glass trays. Experiments with four different tray sizes (side lengths of 30...

Rapid urbanization is causing serious PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm) pollution in China. However, the impacts of human activities (including industrial production, energy production, agriculture, and transportation) on PM2.5 concentrations have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we obtained a regression formula for PM2.5 concentration...

Liquid fuel spill fires usually occur in the oil storage and transportation industries. The fire develops as the burning fuel spreads, posing a huge threat to the facilities nearby. In this paper, continuously released liquid fuel spill fires were experimentally investigated in one-dimensional channels with three different widths. The spread and bu...

Spill fires usually occur during the storage and transportation of hazardous materials, posing a threat to the people and environment in their immediate proximity. In this paper, a classical Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) method is used to assess the risk of spill fires. In this method, the maximum spread area and the steady burning area are in...

The thin-layer burning platform was constructed to study the thin-layer burning behaviors. The thermal radiative penetration and the temperature distribution of heptane for different layer depths were tested. Pool size and initial fuel thickness were changed in the experiment. The experimental results indicate that the thickness of the isothermal l...

Spill fire experiments with continuous discharge on a fireproof glass sheet were conducted to improve the understanding of spill fire spread and burning. Ethanol was used as the fuel and the discharge rate was varied from 2.8 mL/s to 7.6 mL/s. Three ignition conditions were used in the experiments; no ignition, instantaneous ignition and delayed ig...

The spread of burning fuel spilled from tanks or pipes during oil storage and transportation industries may threat other facilities nearby and trigger further accidents. In this paper, the effect of substrate slope on the continuously released liquid fuel spill fire was experimentally investigated, in a one-dimensional channel with different discha...

A series of large-scale spill fire experiments with continuous discharge on a rectangular fireproof glass sheet were conducted, to better understand spill fire spread behaviors on land. JP-5 and heptane were selected as the fuels, with discharge rates varying from 0.93 to 6.82 L/min. Results show that the spread process can be divided into five pha...

Spill fires pose a great threat to surrounding facilities and easily trigger secondary accidents in industrial parks. However, few studies have been conducted to build a spill fire burning rate model. In this paper, the behavior of large-scale n-Heptane spill fires on water, including the spread rate, quasi-steady burning areas and burning rate, ha...

Rectangular pool fires are common in the liquid fuel storage and transportation industries, but the existing burning rate correlations are largely focused on circular pool fires. Through experimental means, this work measured the steady mass burning rates of both n-heptane and gasoline fires in large-scale rectangular pools with aspect ratios rangi...

Interpersonal pre-warning information dissemination among members of the population plays a critical role in serious emergencies such as tsunami, chemical leakage and terrorist attacks as there is no sufficient time for government agencies to notify all of the possibly influenced people within a disaster area. In this paper, we established an inter...

Population evacuation in an area with high population density is a very serious problem which should be paid more attention. Knowing the road vulnerability for population evacuation and having efficient reconstruction plans of roads, buildings and emergency shelters play a very important role in emergency response. In this paper, a complex network...

Knowing the information dissemination mechanisms of different media and having an efficient information dissemination plan for disaster pre-warning plays a very important role in reducing losses and ensuring the safety of human beings. In this paper we established models of information dissemination for six typical information media, including shor...