Zdenka PopovićUniversity of Belgrade · Chair of Road and Railway Engineering
Zdenka Popović
PhD
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Publications (79)
Modern railway infrastructure should provide the competitiveness and sustainability of passenger traffic. The essential requirement is to ensure the accessibility of railway infrastructure and vehicles for all categories of passengers. The paper presents the technical specifications of interoperability that have to be met by platforms in new and re...
The interaction between the wheel and the running rails within the railway system introduces intricate stress patterns, resulting in the formation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) rail defects. The magnitude of this stress is contingent upon factors such as track performance, vehicle characteristics, and service conditions. While advancements in ra...
Rail inspection research is a substantive topic for the railway industry. Management of rolling contact fatigue rail defects is crucial for transport safety worldwide because uncontrolled development of these defects could cause railway accidents, including derailments. This paper presents the review of non-destructive inspection methods for surfac...
The deterioration rate of railway infrastructure and track geometry increases during their life cycle, and the performance of maintenance activities decreases over time. The average age of tracks in Serbia is over 50 years old, which requires exceptional knowledge and skill of the Infrastructure Manager to adapt the maintenance strategy to the infr...
The condition of the rails affects the comfort and safety of railway transport. Managing the rail life cycle on modern railway networks has been playing an increasingly important role. Inspection, preventive and corrective maintenance of rails are significant activities in the integral maintenance of the railway superstructure and substructure. The...
The paper presents a brief review of the rail defect coding systems, which were recommended by the International Union of Railways during the period from 1959 to today. The recommended classification and numbering of RCF rail defects, defined in the document IRS 70712 from 2018, were critically analysed. In addition, harmonisation of European stand...
Abstract: In the urban environment, there is a growing tendency to use urban rail systems for passenger transport, which meet the requirements of European transport policy and significantly contribute to the quality of the environment due to their environmental performance. The paper presents the standard types of track superstructure for urban rai...
Abstract: The paper presents a contemporary approach to the management of short wave
unevenness of the railhead surface within the framework of sustainable development of railway infrastructure, considering complex and often opposite requirements of users, railways, economy, environment, social community and transport safety. The extremely importan...
The most common types of rail defects on modern railway lines occur due to the rolling contact fatigue of rail steel. One of the methods to slow down the development of these rail defects is the application of new steel grades with increased hardness in curves of the larger radii and other characteristic track sections. Serbian standard SRPS EN 136...
The main aim of conducted research is determination of temperature stresses due to the uneven temperature distribution in CWR. This paper presents a methodology for determination of temperature stresses in CWR based on (1) measurement system developed by the authors for measurement of rail surface temperatures, and (2) coupled transient thermal-str...
Rail defects due to the rolling contact fatigue have a significant place in the Handbook of Rail Defects in the framework of UIC Code 712 in 2002. The paper presents the system for coding and classification of rail defects according to UIC recommendation IRS 70712 in 2018. The presented classification does not cover all known defects due to the rol...
Građevinski fakultet, Beograd MILICA S. MIĆIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Građevinski fakultet, Beograd NIKOLA B. MIRKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Građevinski fakultet, Beograd U radu se predstavlјaju tehnički zahtevi za prijem radova na koloseku normalne širine (1435 mm) u zastoru od tucanika u skladu sa evropskim standardom EN 13231-1, koji je 2014...
The railway track with continuously welded rails is an essential part of the modern railway superstructure around the world. Calculation of the temperature stresses in continuously welded rails has great significance for the planning of maintenance activities in order to maintain traffic safety (risk of derailment due to either rail break, or track...
The competitiveness of the railway transport is still limited by the differences in terms of infrastructure, rolling stock, transport technology, maintenance strategy, signaling systems, electrification systems, safety regulations, and speed limits. These circumstances force international trains to stop at state borders. Interoperability of railway...
This book presents the findings of scientific studies on the successful operation of complex transport infrastructures in regions with extreme climatic and geographical conditions.
It features the proceedings of the VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, TransSiberia 2019, which was held in Novosibirsk, Russia, on May 22–27, 2019....
This book presents the findings of scientific studies on the successful operation of complex transport infrastructures in regions with extreme climatic and geographical conditions.
It features the proceedings of the VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, TransSiberia 2019, which was held in Novosibirsk, Russia, on May 22–27, 2019....
Based on the railway network performance, Infrastructure Manager is obligated to define the Maintenance plan for railway infrastructure, which contains corresponding values for intervention limits and alert limits. This paper considers vehicle response to track excitation due to the rail defect (code 2202 according to defect classification). It is...
One of the most important parameters of the horizontal railway alignment is horizontal curve radius including the shape of transition curve and superelevation ramp. In case of mixed traffic railway lines, the choice of radius has to ensure a comfortable ride of passenger vehicles, safe freight transport and acceptable maintenance costs of vehicle w...
Accessible railway platforms are an important part of modern railway infrastructure. Accessibility for all passenger categories, including people with reduced mobility (PRM), is one of basic and mandatory requirements for new and reconstructed European railway infrastructure. According to the results of the research conducted within the framework o...
Transport represents both need and threat to the modern human society. European transport policy aims at sustainable transport development based on the efficient use of natural resources, protection and improvement of environment, as well as the real and diverse needs of potential users. The paper points out that the development of railway infrastr...
Vehicle/track/bridge interaction causes additional stresses in CWR on the bridge, which include stress in rails due to temperature changes in the bridge deck, vertical bending of bridge deck, and braking/acceleration of railway vehicles on the bridge deck. Critical analysis of additional tensile stresses in CWR on the bridge using Smith diagram was...
This paper analyses the stresses in continuous welded rails on bridges
including the aspect of fatigue of rail steel. Furthermore, it examines the
possibility to avoid rail expansion joints, while simultaneously exploiting
the permissible stress capacity of the rail profile 60E1. Accordingly,
general application of permissible values of pressure an...
The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted a large number of EN standards in the field of bridges as Serbian standards. Unfortunately, technical regulations based on the implementation of the adopted EN standards in the field of bridges are still not made. The paper presents requirements for railway bridges based on EN standards, UIC l...
This article presents results obtained in the research conducted on railway infrastructure in Serbia, which aimed at prediction of substructure condition based on the analysis of track quality. It presents the results of seismic tomography application as non-destructive procedure for assessment of railway substructure condition. Track geometry qual...
The subject of this paper is a comparative analysis of the alternative solutions for the construction of the supply tunnel section of HPP “Dabar” from km 4 + 272.54 to km 12 + 125.0 with the application of TBM technology, milling machines technology and combinations of TBM technology and milling machines. Hydraulic tunnel of the HPP “Dabar” is a tu...
The paper concerns the issue of infrastructure formation in research and technology development centers. It is established that the key point in the design and construction of such centers is providing the effective functioning of social infrastructure, which is a connecting link for the main structural elements of modern research and technology de...
At the railway/road level crossings, two essentially different modes of transport intersect, both with a variety of vehicle performance parameters and traffic organization rules. Level crossing presents a collision zone for both transport modes from the aspect of traffic safety. Unfortunately, the probability of accidents at level crossings is stil...
The paper presents principle of track/bridge interaction in the case of temperature gradient, breaking and acceleration of railway vehicles. Influence of different bridge structures to the bridge expansion length was analysed for the purpose of expansion joint avoiding in CWR track. This would lead to the reduction of noise and vibration emission f...
The paper presents basic principles of bridge structure behaviour from the aspect of track-bridge interaction in the case of temperature gradient, breaking and acceleration of railway vehicles. The paper analyses influence of different bridge structures to the bridge expansion length. In addition, influence of bridge superstructure, as well as brid...
According to the Interoperability Directive 2008/57/EC, interoperability is "the ability of the rail system to allow the safe and uninterrupted movement of trains which accomplish the required levels of performance". The relevant technical specifications for infrastructure subsystem refer directly to the railway infrastructure and indirectly to the...
In order to realize interoperability of railway system,
the reconstruction and modernization plan of railway
network in the Republic of Serbia should be harmonized
with technical requirements of European railway
network. Performance requirements for fastening
systems for concrete sleepers were analysed according
to the adopted standard series SRPS...
This paper deals with actual European “modal shift to rail transport” concept and related environmental issues and experience in the Republic of Serbia. The planned increase in volume of railway transport and planned railway electrification should reduce air pollution in Serbia, particularly in the urban environment. On the other hand, achieving th...
The series“Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing”contains publications on theory,applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtuallyall disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT,economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are c...
In order to realize interoperability of railway system, the reconstruction and modernization plan of railway network in the Republic of Serbia should be harmonized with technical requirements of European railway network. The paper presents hierarchical approach to harmonization of legal and technical regulations in the area of railway infrastructur...
![Fig.3. Wireless sensor for sleeper vibration measurements [17]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/311616394/figure/fig1/AS:614213177335814@1523451241136/Wireless-sensor-for-sleeper-vibration-measurements-17_Q320.jpg)
Interaction between ballast bed and sleepers significantly influences track dynamic behaviour. Many investigations conducted in the field showed that more than 50% of installed sleepers can be considered as unevenly supported. In addition, investigations showed that unevenly supported sleepers often occur in a row and that this phenomenon leads to...
Approximately 7 million tons of fly ash and slag are produced in thermal power plants in Serbia every year, only 3% of which is used in the cement industry. About 300 million tons of the ash-slag mixture are disposed in landfills, occupying an area of approximately 1600 hectares and generating environmental issues. Fly ash from Serbian power plants...
Rolling Contact Fatigue is a serious hazard to rail traffic and a major problem for railway infrastructure managers across the world. Increased traffic density, axle loads and speed as well as lubrication of rails are contributors to this problem. In contrast to this, correct track geometry, correct wheel/rail contact patch geometry, improved maint...
![Table 3 . Gauge widening according to 13 Speed [ km/h ] Track gauge...](profile/Nikolai-Vatin/publication/281592041/figure/tbl3/AS:670542499704848@1536881198573/Gauge-widening-according-to-13-Speed-km-h-Track-gauge-IAL-Immediate-action-limit_Q320.jpg)
In the article a curvature analysis of a three axial bogie of the locomotive type JŽ 461 was implemented. The feature of that type of locomotive is that it has a long distance between first and middle axis, which means the distance between the middle and last axis is long too. That feature leads to greater lateral forces during curve negotiation. A...
Control of railway noise is very significant part of the urban traffic policy. An increase of railway noise could significantly reduce the quality of life of citizens. This paper analyzes and suggests necessary measures for managing railway noise and traffic safety by rail inspection and grinding. It considers and suggests inspection methods for ea...
An irregular geometry of the track can influence the safe passage of railway traffic. Therefore, maintenance activities on railways are mostly directed towards the correction of track geometry. It has been shown that unevenly supported and unsupported sleepers make major contributions to the effect of track geometry deterioration. In addition, irre...
The paper presents the results of study that included laboratory testing of physical and mechanical characteristics of fly ash and mixtures of ash and slag landfill in TPP "Nikola Tesla" and TPP "Kostolac" in terms of their utilization for the railway substructure.The following laboratory tests were conducted: unconfined compressive strength, shear...
European transport policy, defined in the White Paper, supports shift from road to rail and waterborne transport. The hypothesis of the paper is that changes in the economic environment influence rail traffic volume. Therefore, a model for prediction of rail traffic volume applied in different economic contexts could be a valuable tool for the tran...
![Figure 6. Possible derailment due to gauge widening [14]](profile/Nikolai-Vatin/publication/276310275/figure/fig5/AS:315617052774401@1452260377292/Possible-derailment-due-to-gauge-widening-14_Q320.jpg)
In this paper it was performed curve negotiation analysis of three axle bogie of locomotive type JŽ 461. This locomotive has large distance between first and middle i.e. middle and last axle, which leads to increased lateral forces during curve negotiation. Final result might be widening of track gauge in curves with small radius. This paper points...
REZIME U radu su prikazani rezultati studije koja je obuhvatala laboratorijska ispitivanja fiziĉko mehaniĉkih karakteristika letećeg pepela i mešavine pepela i šljake sa deponija iz TE "Nikola Tesla" i TE "Kostolac" sa aspekta mogućnosti njihove upotrebe za donji stoj ţelezniĉkih pruga. Ispitane su sledećemehaniĉkekarakteristike: jednoaksijalna ĉvr...
This paper describes testing of a wireless technique for measuring the actual sleeper vibrations and determination of their dynamic deflection based on the experimentally acquired acceleration data. Practical measurements of sleeper vibrations and calculation of displacements (deflections) along the track provide insight into the actual condition o...
The service life of rails depends especially on the operational loads and speeds on the railway lines, as well as on the rail maintenance policy. There are multiple aspects of rail maintenance optimization. The following article considers optimisation of rail maintenance activities relating to rail head surface condition in order to reduce correcti...
Sažetak: Povećanje prosečne temperature Zemljine atmosfere i okeana preko 2°C dovelo bi do značajne promene klime i razornog uticaja na živi svet. Zato je neophodno da se smanji emisija gasa u svim sektorima, uključujući saobraćaj. Ovaj rad, na osnovu velikog broja primera sa više kontinenata, istražuje mogući transfer putnika sa vazdušnog i drumsk...
A wireless system for vibration measurements has been developed at the Faculty of Civil engineering, University of Belgrade. It’s comprised of sensor nodes equipped with accelerometers to measure vibrations and radio modems which transfer data to the hub (base station), usually a laptop personal computer. One of the tests of this system was perform...
The rail defects due to rolling contact fatigue represent serious safety hazard for rail traffic all around the world. That hazard is more distinct on railways without adequate maintenance strategy, with the increase of wheel/rail contact stresses and with decreasing wear of rail steel. This paper analyses the example of sporadically conducted main...
Geometrija koloseka može da se opiše kao projektovana (nominalna) geometrija i neregularnosti (odstupanja) aktuelne geometrije koloseka. Projektovana geometrija koloseka je trodimenzionalna geometrija izražena kao horizontalna i vertikalna projekcija. Horizontalna projekcija je projekcija koloseka na horizontalnu ravan i sastoji se od pravaca, kruž...
This paper presents the results of the survey which is conducted in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of conducted survey is to analyze the passen-gers' satisfaction with different elements of the rail journey and to define requirements for modern passenger rail infrastructure and services according to the needs of passengers. The realization of rail...
Rail defects due to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) threaten the traffic safety around the world. That hazard is more distinct on railways without adequate maintenance strategy. Realization of interoperability of European railway network demands from every infrastructure manager to have a maintenance plan for the infrastructure subsystem. Besides tha...
![Figure 2. Typical shape of a steel surface after break caused by squat [6]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/289575737/figure/fig2/AS:317343667376129@1452672034435/Typical-shape-of-a-steel-surface-after-break-caused-by-squat-6_Q320.jpg)
The problem of cracking at the rolling surface of rails is considered in the paper. This damage to the rolling surface of rails, known as "squat", may lead to disintegration of rail head in the length of 1 m or more. In the scope of this research, a detailed visual control of rail damage at the Vrbnica - Bar Section of the Montenegrin railway netwo...
![Figure 2. Trans-European transport network [9]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/292156942/figure/fig1/AS:388539247284225@1469646383149/Trans-European-transport-network-9_Q320.jpg)
This paper deals with the recommendations of European transport policy in the field of railway transport. It analyzes the basis and guidelines for the development of the railway in the Republic of Serbia in accordance with the European transportation policy. The aim is to present a European framework for planning of rail transport in Serbia.
![Figure 2. Typical shape of a steel surface after break caused by squat [6]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/281064367/figure/fig2/AS:284479462625283@1444836597801/Typical-shape-of-a-steel-surface-after-break-caused-by-squat-6_Q320.jpg)
The problem of cracking at the rolling surface of rails is considered in the paper. This damage to the rolling surface of rails, known as "squat", may lead to disintegration of rail head in the length of 1 m or more. In the scope of this research, a detailed visual control of rail damage at the Vrbnica – Bar Section of the Montenegrin railway netwo...
The analysis of track behaviour under vertical load is traditionally based on the presumption that the stresses and deformations in track elements can be determined by the application of the Winkler's Hypothesis. The rail is considered a beam on a continuous elastic foundation. The basis of the hypothesis is a presumption about the proportionality...
![Fig. 1 Linearized track stiffness for the corresponding load range [5]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/281346239/figure/fig1/AS:284508562706437@1444843535730/Linearized-track-stiffness-for-the-corresponding-load-range-5_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2 Dependence of receptance on excitation frequency [6]](profile/Zdenka-Popovic/publication/281346239/figure/fig2/AS:284508562706438@1444843535774/Dependence-of-receptance-on-excitation-frequency-6_Q320.jpg)
Railway track stiffness is a basic parameter of track design which influences the bearing capacity, the dynamic behavior of passing vehicles, track geometry quality and the life of track components. In this paper track stiffness is treated from the point of view of the vertical track geometry deterioration modeling. In most of the models, the verti...
Ključne riječi – Železnica, šina, šinski defekti, head checking, ispitivanje čelika vrtložnim strujama. Abstract – Security of rail transport increasingly depend on the state of the upper surface of the rail head. Uncontrolled development of defects due to material fatigue can progress to the rail fracture under the traffic load. As a general measu...
This paper defines special requirements which railway track superstructure must fulfil in order to protect the urban environment from noise and vibrations. Possibilities of using ballasted and ballastless superstructure on earthworks, in tunnels and on bridges are analyzed.
Rezime: U radu se analizira odnos udela buke od točka i šine sa aspekta smanjenja ukupne buke. Definišu se prioriteti za preduzimanje mera za smanjenje emisije buke od točka i šine. Ukazuje se da je za efikasno rešavanje problema buke neophodna saradnja i zajednička strategija vlasnika vozila i vlasnika infrastrukture, zasnovana na jasno definisano...
Defekti šine usled zamora materijala u zonama velikih kontaktnih napona su izražen fenomen i problem na železnicama širom sveta. Najpre su defekti ovog tipa uočavani samo na šinama u kolosecima pruga za težak teretni saobraćaj sa velikim osovinskim opterećenjima (slika 1). Međutim, danas se ista pojava uočava na konvencionalnim prugama za mešoviti...
Rezime: Tucanička zastorna prizma je najslabiji element konstrukcije gornjeg stroja. Neravnomerno sleganje zastorne prizme, drobljenje zrna tucanika i taloženje abrazivne kamene prašine na kotrljajuću površ glave šine, doprinosi višestrukom porastu troškova održavanja pruge i vozila. Kao alternativa konvencionalnom koloseku u tucaničkom zastoru, na...
In the era of integration of all means of transport, there is revived interest in railway transport, which cannot any long exist as a transport system on its own or as an independent part within the growing cities. This renaissance of railway transport, and its integration with other means of transportation, led to a great production of exclusive t...
This paper analyses European experiences and technical solutions for the extension of lifecycle and reduction of maintenance costs of ballasted track. The aim of this paper is to signify the importance of applying the modern technical solutions for ballasted track construction and mathematical models of track geometry deterioration.
U radu je prikazan približni postupak za dimenzionisanje nosečih slojeva čvrste kolosečne podloge po metodi profesora Ajzemana.
Striving to be more competitive with the other modes of transport, railways are faced with a task to increase the reliability and efficiency, but with a same time to decrease the costs. Considering such a task, it is inevitable to increase speeds and axle loads. To ensure the economy under such a circumstances, it is of essential importance to impr...
Questions
Questions (13)
One of the most pressing open questions for passenger rail transport concerns the sustainability and modernization of infrastructure. This issue encompasses several key aspects:
- Infrastructure Investment: Many rail networks worldwide face outdated systems and infrastructure that require significant investment for modernization and maintenance. This includes the renovation of tracks, bridges, tunnels, as well as stations and other facilities.
- Technological Modernization: The introduction of new technologies such as automatic train control systems, improved signaling, and digital solutions for reservations and passenger tracking. This is crucial for increasing the efficiency and safety of rail transport.
- Environmental Sustainability: The need to transition to more environmentally friendly options, such as electrification of tracks and the use of low-emission trains. This also involves researching and implementing alternative energy sources like hydrogen.
- Financing and Economic Viability: Finding sustainable financing models for investments in the rail sector, including public-private partnerships, government subsidies, and European or international funds.
- Integration with Other Modes of Transport: Improving the integration of rail transport with other modes of transportation, such as buses, trams, subways, and bike lanes, to provide seamless transitions for passengers between different types of transport.
- Increasing Capacity and Reducing Congestion: Particularly in urban and suburban areas, where increasing capacity is necessary to reduce congestion and improve service quality.
- Passenger Experience and Safety: Enhancing conditions for passengers, including safety, comfort, and additional services such as internet access, cleanliness, and amenities for people with disabilities.
Each of these issues requires attention and cooperation from various stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, transport experts, and the passengers themselves, to achieve sustainable and efficient solutions for the future of passenger rail transport.
Please share your experiences with the modernization of railway passenger traffic in your country.
Hello there,
I would like to ask you a question regarding the accessibility of railway infrastructure for disabled people. As we know, a significant amount of money is invested worldwide in making railway infrastructure more accessible for the disabled, including ramps, elevators, pictograms, and so on. However, it seems that disabled people are not using the railway in large numbers. I would like to know if this is the case in your country as well, and if you have any explanations for it. Thank you for your response.
Dear colleagues,
It is my pleasure to invite you to attend the IX international conference of the first category ‘NEW HORIZONS of Transport and Communications 2023’. The Conference will be held on November 24-25, 2023 in Doboj, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of East Sarajevo.