Zbigniew Stepien

Oil and Gas Institute · Performance Testing Department

Modern internal combustion engines are designed to meet new emission standards and reduce fuel consumption. The wide application of direct fuel injection is associated with the problem of injector contamination. It leads to a deterioration of the engine’s environmental performance. The paper aims to evaluate the effect of applying gasoline–butanol...

The global policy of reducing road transport sector pollution requires the introduction of significantly modified already in use technologies and construction solutions. Currently, direct fuel injection technology is the best solution in terms of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of standard pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as...

Correct fuel atomization is an important parameter in the process of preparing a combustible mixture. Distortions of the atomization can lead to unfavorable effects in the combustion process. This paper presents an analysis of the fuel atomization characteristics of high-pressure fuel injector tests. Optically tested injectors were previously teste...

The operating conditions of injectors in spark ignition engines with direct fuel injection make them susceptible to coking, which leads to a reduced quality of fuel atomization. This can be observed by a drop in performance and an increase in exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter. One effective method of reducing injector coking is by us...

Polska jest jednym z największych rynków samochodów osobowych w Europie pod względem sprzedaży, zajmując szóste miejsce wśród krajów Unii Europejskiej i Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Wolnego Handlu. Chociaż we flocie samochodów osobowych w Polsce dominują obecnie samochody z silnikami spalinowymi, kraj jest zaangażowany w zwiększanie liczby i udział...

The basic criterion In using alternative fuels, specifically ethanol blends, consists in its pro-ecological properties. However, like in the case of conventional hydrocarbon fuels, the use of blended ethanol in combustion engines can result in formation of harmful engine deposits. The addition of DCA (Deposit Control Additive) type fuel improvers i...

An increasing percentage of ethanol in fuel leads to significant changes in polarity and solubility, which makes conventional gasoline deposit control additives (DCAs) difficult to dissolve in ethanol fuels, resulting in the formation of deposits on engine elements. Critical areas of deposit formation in an engine are constituted by inlet valves, c...

The purity of diesel fuel is a crucial issue, in particular in the face of modern injection systems operating under very high pressures with very precisely fitted mating parts. At such pressures and in high temperatures, injectors are particularly exposed to abrasive wear due to the presence of fine, hard abrasive particles in diesel fuel. This art...

This paper presents the results of simulation engine test bed tests on the impact of diesel fuel additives. These hold detergent properties in the form of polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) chemical structures of various molecular masses, and the intent is to assess the effect of these on the formation of internal diesel injector deposits (IDIDs)....

Ethanol or ethanol containing fuels can contain trace amounts of contaminants in the form of sulphates. Sulphates are very poorly soluble in ethanol and despite of that acc. to certain sources they can be favourable for deposits formation on inlet valves in combustion chambers and on injector tips. However, this issue raises now a lot of doubt, and...

The deposits forming on the surfaces of various internal parts of reciprocating internal combustion engines and the systems operating in conjunction with them are an undesirable phenomenon which intensifies during the operation of the engines and threatens their proper operation. More and more complicated engine designs and the increasing accuracy...

The goal of the article was to carry out a comparative research on the propensity of a standard-class commercial diesel fuel, consistent with the requirements of the EN-590 standard, with zinc catalysts of various chemical structures introduced, to form deposits on the tips of fuel injectors of a compression ignition engine. Studies on structures o...

Using bioalcohols as a renewable energy source to substitute a part of fossil energy traffic and increasing the sustainability of individual transportation are important objectives in several countries. The global share of Bioethanol used for transportation is continuously increasing. Ethanol is a biomass-based renewable fuel that can be produced b...

The article describes external and internal Common Rail injectors deposits formed in dynamometer engine simulation tests. It discussed not only the key reasons and factors influencing injector deposit formation but also the resulting way of fuel preparation and engine test approaches. The effects of external coking deposit as well as internal depos...

Direct hydroconversion of vegetable oils (by a one-stage process) and hydroconversion of vegetable oil zeoformates (by a two-stage process) leads to hydroraffinates that contain trace elements. The concentrations of these trace elements must be below the ICP-OES determination limit, in accordance with the recommendations and requirements specified...

Ethanol as an engine fuel emits less pollutants than gasoline, is a completely renewable product with good ecological implications, and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, ethanol–gasoline blends present a multitude of technical challenges to engine operation, including the creation of adverse engine deposits, especially...

Generally, ethanol fuel emits less pollutants than gasoline, it is completely renewable product and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emission but, at the same time can present a multitude of technical challenges to engine operation conditions including creation of very adverse engine deposits. These deposits increasing fuel consumption...

It is well known that the reduced stability of FAME diesel fuel blends is of particular threat to diesel engines and especially high pressure common rail (HPCR) systems operation. As has been ascertained, internal diesel injector deposits are more likely to form in modern diesel fuel systems because of their higher operating pressures and temperatu...

As a summary of work in the project " Influence of bioethanol fuels treatment for operational performance, ecological properties and GHG emissions of spark ignition engines (Biotreth) " , evolving around the effects from bioethanol blending, this paper summarizes the findings from the 3-year long project. These are 1) attributional life cycle asses...

Even though diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have been in commercial production for many years, there is still much optimisation activity, especially in the field of the regeneration strategy of these filters. A method for obtaining organosoluble substances with an iron content of 10-15 wt% and composition containing iron additives and other selec...

Rapeseed vegetable oil was initially zeoformed in the temperature range of 200–300 °C and at a pressure of 1.7 MPa using a catalyst containing ZSM-5, and the obtained zeoformates were subsequently converted into hydrocarbons [hydrorefined vegetable oil (HVO)] through the process of hydroconversion. The resulting hydroraffinates (HVO fuel biocompone...

Two com. gas oils were modified by addn. of a corn. fatty acid Me ester (20 or 30%), conditioned for 16 weeks at 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C and tested in an engine (load 50-100 Nm, rotation 1000-3800 rpm) to det. the torque changes and smoke content in the exhaust gas. The poor biodiesel stability in storage constituted a potential threat to eng...

This paper presents the progress in the introduction of fuels of higher content of ethanol and vehicle models adapted for fuelling with this type of fuels (FFV). Trends in the European legislation related to the standards of spark ignition engines exhaust emissions have been discussed. The results of a study of unleaded gasoline E10 proneness to fo...

HPCR (High Pressure Common Rail) design features of modern fuel injection systems and engine working conditions force the use of fuels with good thermooxidative properties, very low solids and metallic elements content, satisfactory resistance to microbial contamination and, above all, very effective detergent performance to prevent deposit formati...

The paper report on the state of affairs so far in the scope of internal diesel injection deposits (IDID) issue affecting modern diesel high pressure common rail (HPCR) systems. Different types of deposits have been described and the factors supporting their creation. These deposits have been extensively studied to understand their formation mechan...

SCR (selective catalytic reduction) is regarded as the most efficient deNOx-system. In combination with a Diesel particle filter (DPF) it represents a very important step towards zero emission Diesel fleet. The present paper informs about the results obtained with SCR and with blend fuels containing different share of RME (B 7, B20, B3 0 and B100)....

Three organometallic combustion modifiers were prepd. and compared with a com. Fe one in respect to their catalytic activity in combustion of soot. The Fe-Co modifier was more efficient than the com. one.

In the Diesel sector the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME’s) – in Europe mostly RME *) (rapeseed methyl ester) and in US mostly SME (soja oil methyl ester) – are used as a various share, % volume blends with the Diesel fuel (B5, B7, B10, B20, Bxx). The present joint project focuses on RME being the most important representative of the biofuels of 1st...

SCR (selective catalytic reduction) is regarded as the most efficient deNOx-system. In combination with a Diesel particle filter (DPF) it represents a very important step towards zero emission Diesel fleet. The present paper informs about the results obtained with SCR and with blend fuels containing different share of RME (B 7, B20, B3 0 and B100)....

The project is a response to increasing international requirements regarding air quality standards and the European Union demand for increased biofuels share in the fuel market. The project is of great economic and social importance because of steadily increasing number of vehicles on roads. Application of the project results in economy can in long...

The paper describes significant problems related to influence of Diesel biofuels on engine lube oil deterioration. It was demonstrated by monitoring the engine oil aging and performance changing during its operation in modern high speed direct injection (HSDI) light duty (LD) engine through the use of bench tests. This engine has been equipped with...

W artykule opisano istotne problemy związane z wpływem różnej zawartości biokomponentów (FAME) w paliwach do silników z zapłonem samoczynnym na procesy degradacji smarowego oleju silnikowego. Przedstawiono zmiany właściwości użytkowych oleju silnikowego podczas jego monitorowanej eksploatacji w testach stanowiskowych nowoczesnego silnika wysokopręż...

The combined Diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment systems (DPF+SCR) *) are today a best available technology (BAT) to radically reduce the critical Diesel emission components particles (PM&NP) and nitric oxides (NOx). SCR (selective catalytic reduction) is regarded as the most efficient deNOx-system. The combined systems are already offered today by s...

The paper describes influence of legislation requirements on development of spark ignition engines construction and new expectations towards today’s fuels and detergent-dispersant additives. Paper presents development history of fuel additives especially of detergent additives. It indicates most critical places of engine deposits formation and its...

The drive towards lower sulphur in automotive gasoils has led to a reduction in fuel lubricity. Simultaneous development of engine constructions, especially of injection equipment, caused that lubricity matter has particular meaning. Recently considerable effors has been expended in investigating the lubricity of low sulphur diesel fuels and develo...