Zakaria bin Che Muda

INTI International University | inti · Civil Engineering

Studies showed that unethical practices in public procurement may hinder construction projects and economic development, particularly in developing cities and states, such as Edo State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Government enacted the Public Procurement Act (2007) to address the issues. Many states domesticated the Act, including Edo State (Edo State P...

This study evaluates the engineering properties of a novel type of reinforced PVC-encased micropile made of an expanded mixture (PUCR) of polyurethane resin (PU) and crumb rubber (CR) for Kenyir dam slopes stabilization. Two types of PUCR micropiles were tested: one containing 4.0 kg/m of PU and another with 2.0 kg/m of PU, both with varying ratios...

Studies have shown that the progress and success of companies are achieved through their ability to improve energy performance and preserve the environment. It would translate to environmentally friendly products. However, there is a paucity of studies regarding the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 50001 and its role in enhancin...

When piles are used to reduce raft settlement, significant shear stresses and bending moments can be created.Separate piles are utilized to alleviate concerns about high tensions in piles and rafts. A structural fill sand-gravel cushion in an unconnected piled raft foundation isolates the piles from the raft (UCPR). The cushion redistributes the lo...

Estimating the mechanical properties of soil samples involves analysing properties such as shear strength, density, and moisture content. It is important to use consistent and standardized testing methods, as well as to normalize the data to the same volume or weight, when comparing soil mechanical properties. Evaluating multiple properties will pr...

The need for massive structures such as dams, car parks and pavements has increased in developing countries, so improving construction materials has become a trend. Since Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is efficient for such projects, it is beneficial to improve it and make it affordable and environmentally friendly. In this review paper, some spec...

The need for massive structures such as dams, car parks, and pavements has increased in developing countries, so improving construction materials has become a trend. Since Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) is efficient for such projects, it is beneficial to improve it and make it affordable and environmentally friendly. In this review paper, some spe...

Terengganu is one of the states in Malaysia that will be the most affected by the northeast monsoon which usually happens early in November and lasts until March every year. Continuous heavy rainfall may cause various natural disasters including debris flow. Due to the features of sudden outbursts and high energy density, debris flow has caused a s...

Cenospheres are valuable material contained inside the fly ash. Its low weight, low density, and high strength made it very versatile and can be used in various fields. The way of separating the cenosphere from the fly ash consists of two categories, wet and dry separation. For wet separation, it involves submerging the fly ash inside a mixture mad...

Materials used in modern constructions received attention from researchers and engineers recently due to their impact on climate change, power consumption and operational cost. The usage of recycled materials gives extra advantages towards environment. It was found that power plant produced various types of waste product that can be utilize in many...

The study's objective is to ascertain the proportion of implemented green productivity standards, identify implemented green productivity standards, and identify deficiencies in Al-Sumoud Baiji Refinery's dedication to enhancing productivity and safeguarding the environment in crude oil refining. The data was gathered via on-site visits to business...

Huge amounts of fresh water are used in the concrete industry every day. The quantity and quality of water play important roles in determining the quality, strength, setting time, and durability of cement-based materials (CBMs), such as paste, mortar, and concrete. Freshwater systems are under pressure due to climate changes, industrialisation, pop...

The effects of polypropylene fibres on mortar and cement-paste cracking were investigated using different amounts of fibre fractions and eccentric rings under restrained-shrinkage conditions. Eccentric-ring tests were conducted to investigate early-age shrinkage cracks. The characteristics of restricted cementitious materials were described by eval...

Cenosphere is a component of fly ash (FA) and has been used as part of sustainable material in wastewater treatment, automotive, ceramic, and construction industries due to its properties. This research presents the first study on characterization of cenospheres from Malaysian power plants namely Jimah, Kapar and Manjung. The characterization was c...

The construction industry must consider not only the mechanical performances of structural materials but also their thermal performances for energy-efficient buildings. There exist conflicting thermal and mechanical properties between normal weight concrete (NWC) and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). NWC with high mechanical strength exhibits...

This study reports the influence of different climatic ambient temperatures on the thermal properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA) with steel (ST) and polypropylene fibers were used in the mix proportions. The steady-state thermal test was performed on concrete samples at the...

Fibres Reinforced Concrete has received much interest in the concrete research world over the last few decades. Assimilating fibres into concrete structures has many advantages. Previous study discovered that the addition synthetic or natural fibres to concrete enhanced the material’s thermal properties as well as its strength to some extent. Fibre...

Diapers are reusable waste. This research presents physicochemical properties of sodium polyacrylate in new (ND) and used (UD) diapers, via wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), pH, turbidity and colour. Additional constituents detected in ND, while others were slightly higher...

Coal ash (fly (FA) and bottom (BA) ashes) contain heavy metals. This research presents physicochemical and leaching properties of coal ashes (FA, BA and FA + BA) from Malaysian power plant. The physicochemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) and leaching properties (toxicity characteristic leaching (TCLP) and synth...

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) mixtures are widely used in construction fields, such as repair, restoration, reinforcement and new construction, properties like high corrosion resistance, electrical insulation characteristics low thermal conductivity, high strength, and , high strength-weight ratio. Therefore, like their metal equivalents, these co...

: The increasing need for eco-friendly green building and creative passive design technology in response to climatic change and global warming issues will continue. However, the need to preserve and sustain the natural environment is also crucial. A building envelope plays a pivotal role in areas where the greatest heat and energy loss often occur....

This study investigated the combine effect of 0.2 % drink cans and steel fibers with volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% to the mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete. Hooked-end steel fiber with 30 mm and 0.75 mm length and diameter, respectively was selected for this study. The drinks cans fiber were twisted m...

This paper investigates the characteristic of cenosphere derived from fly ash collected from Malaysia power plant. The current trends on the reuse on cenosphere has been reviewed and various characteristic properties of cenosphere were presented and compared with cenosphere from Malaysia power plant. Fly ash was collected from Jimah, Manjung and Ka...

This paper investigates the performance of scirpus grossus (SG) fiber and fiberglass (FG) as ceiling material. Scirpus grossus was extracted by peel method. Mixture containing scripus grossus, fiberglass and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was cast with thickness of 7.5 and 15 mm of both fibers namely as 7.5SG, 15SG, 7.5FG and 15FG and undergo tensil...

This paper study the effectiveness of waste material from industrial by-product as lightweight self-cured concrete. Waste material involved in this study is coal bottom ash, oil palm boiler clinker and hydrogel from diapers. Coal bottom ash (CBA) used as a fine aggregate replacement whilst oil palm clinker (OPBC) added into the concrete mixture as...

Composites are not isotropic like their metal counterparts, e.g. steel and aluminum, as they are made of two distinctive phases known as the matrix and the reinforcing phases. In addition, weight, fiber direction, fiber composition and even the manufacturing process are all critical factors in determining the strength, stiffness and the behaviour o...

The rehabilitation of the Cameron Highlands hydroelectric scheme which includes a process of removing a volume of about 2.8 million cubic meters sediments. The reservoir sediment has been excavated, as it is transported from the dredging site to the placement site or disposal area in government owned Sg. Jasin/Jasik site. The 2 dredged reservoir se...

Desilting of reservoirs are done to remove the sediments and to restore the live storage. The sediments are normally disposed by creating embankments around the reservoir area. Culverts are normally buried in the embankment for drainage of upstream rain water. These culverts carry large embankment loads. This paper presents an analysis of RC culver...

Excessive rain pattern has been the major cause contributing to flooding of low land due to excess water release from affected dams. This deliberate measure has to be taken to prevent the catastrophic effect of a dam break scenario. Therefore, this kind of disaster is considered as a local phenomenon. The local communities are the vulnerable popula...

Malaysia is a country that is moving forward towards achieving industrialized country status are not free from solid waste management problems. As of 2012, there are total of more than 200 landfills in the country as landfilling has been the most common method of organized disposal and out of 50% of the landfills practiced are open dumping. Waste s...

This paper investigates the impact performance of lightweight oil palm shells rubbercrete (OPSRC) slab reinforced with wire mesh against wire mesh spacing and slab thickness. Slabs of 300mm x 300mm size with various thickness were casted with 1 mm diameter wire mesh with varied spacing of 20 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm. The mix design for OPS: cement ratio...

Humanitarian logistics which is precisely known as humanitarian supply chain (HSC) plays a major role in reducing the impact of disaster on human life and livelihood by providing humanitarian aid in the forms of food, water, medicine, shelter and other supplies. Unfortunately, anecdotal evidences indicated that relief chain tends to be unstable, un...

Interlocking soil blocks are on of modern techniques of house construction due to its durability. The use of these blocks fits suitably within the production cost and environmental quality as an alternative to fired bricks. This paper reports the result investigation done on walls made using interlocking soil blocks. Three types of walls with diffe...

Series of catastrophic oods that we have witnessed over the last decade in Malaysia have necessitated the adoption of reliable early warning system. Ultimate concern during any event of natural or manmade disaster would be information dissemination to lessen the disaster impact on lives and property. The Bertam Valley incident in the wee hours of 2...

The structural elements of dams are prone to defects and potential failures despite continuous upgrade on design, variety of construction materials used, daily operation and maintenance efforts of dams to improve the safety of the dams, the possibility of unforeseen events of dam failures is still possible. Dams in Malaysia are observed to integrat...

For the past few years, natural disaster has been the subject of debate in disaster management especially in flood disaster. Each year, natural disaster results in significant loss of life, destruction of homes and public infrastructure, and economic hardship. Hence, an effective and efficient flood disaster management would assure non-futile effor...

Water is an essential resource that sustains life on earth; changes in the natural quality and distribution of water have ecological impacts that can sometimes be devastating. Recently, Malaysia is facing many environmental issues regarding water pollution. The main causes of river pollution are rapid urbanization, arising from the development of r...

The main structure of the transmission line is the transmission tower. Transmission towers design must endure the weight of the transmission conductor at a certain height from ground. One of the main structures in transmission tower is crossarm. Crossarms of the transmission tower supports the transmission conductor. This paper is a review of past...

Tunnel underground structure often exposed to an extensive deterioration especially on the tunnel lining. Water leakage is the most common distress occurred in tunnel subsequently causing other distresses to form. After providing services over years, evaluation of shotcrete tunnel lining of underground hydroelectric power station is increasing the...

It is obligatory to educate student researchers before they start their work by teaching them about the various types of plagiarism and how to avoid them. It is also vital that research supervisors take into account the sources of data that are explored in their students' manuscripts. This article tries to draw the reader's attention to the importa...

Flooding is the utmost major natural hazard in Malaysia in terms of populations affected, frequency, area extent, flood duration and social economic damage. The recent flood devastation towards the end of 2014 witnessed almost 250,000 people being displaced from eight states in Peninsular Malaysia. The affected victims required evacuation within a...

This paper proposes a conceptual framework to compare criteria/factor that influence the supplier selection. A mixed methods approach comprising qualitative and quantitative survey will be used. The study intend to identify and define the metrics that key stakeholders at Public Works Department (PWD) believed should be used for supplier. The outcom...

This paper investigate the performance of banana fibre reinforced slabs 300mm × 300mm size with varied thickness subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.25 kg drop at 1 m height has been used in this research work. The main variables for the study is to find the relationsh...

This paper investigate the performance of lightweight rice husk concrete (LWRHC) with varied bamboo reinforcement content for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced with varied slab thickness subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 kg drop at 0.65 m height...

This paper investigate the effect of the thickness and fibre volume fraction (VF) on the impact performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 kg drop at 0.57 m height...

This paper intends to fathom the current state of procurement system in Malaysia specifically in the construction industry in the aspect of supplier selection. This paper propose a comprehensive study on the supplier selection metrics for infrastructure building, weight the importance of each metrics assigned and to find the relationship between th...

This paper investigate the effect of the thickness and mesh spacing on the impact of ferrocement for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 kg drop at height of 150 mm, 350mm, and 500mm has been used in this research...

This paper investigates the effect of the thickness and mesh spacing on the impact of ferrocement for the concrete slab of 300mm x 300mm size reinforced subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 kg drop at height of 150 mm, 350mm, and 500mm has been used in this research...

This paper investigate the effect of the mesh distribution on the impact performance of kenaf fibre mesh reinforced concrete (KFMRC) for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced with varied thickness and mesh diameter subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 k...

This paper investigate the effect of the mesh distribution on the impact performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced with varied thickness and fraction volume subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig with a steel ball weight of 1.236 kg dr...

Dams, however significant their contributions are to the society, are not immune to failures and diminishing lifespan not unlike other structural elements in our infrastructure. Despite continuing efforts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance of dams to improve the safety of the dams, the possibility of unforeseen events of dam failur...

This paper investigate the performance of kenaf fibre mesh reinforced concrete (KFMRC) with varied kenaf fibre mesh reinforcement content for the concrete slab of 300mm × 300mm size reinforced with different mesh diameter at constant spacing with varied slab thickness subjected to low impact projectile test. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact tes...

This paper presents the finding of an experimental study on kenaf fibre hybrid composite plates for potential application in shear strengthening of RC beam. In the experimental programme, hybrid composite plates had been fabricated using kenaf and carbon fibres with five different mixes i.e., 47% kenaf with 0% carbon; 45% kenaf with 2.5% carbon; 47...

This paper explore the impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete from the results of an experimental study. The lightweight aggregate used in this study was oil palm shell, which is an agricultural solid waste, origin from palm oil industry. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a main solid pollutant of the environment and can be used as a replacement...

The main aim of this article is to review the existing anchor systems and to propose new technique of end anchor to eliminate premature end peeling of plate bonded flexurally strengthened reinforced concrete beam. The proposed hybrid anchor system consists of connector and anchor plate. The connector and anchor plate of hybrid anchor system would r...

The Integrated Civil Engineering Capstone design were introduced to combined all the civil engineering discipline such as geotechnical, water and wastewater, environmental, project management, structure and road into one subject. The complex multiple constraints which were set by Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC) are compulsory for the Civil...

Fabrication of green fibre composite laminate for strengthening of reinforced concrete structure is one of the current interests in the field of construction industry. The aim of this research was to develop kenaf fibre reinforced polymer (KFRP) laminate for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beam. Comprehensive design and theoretical model...

In this research the effect of Coconut (CN) fibre on the fresh and thermo gravimetric properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) at elevated temperatures was investigated experimentally and statistically. The mixtures containing cement, water, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and super plasticizer with the addition of CN fibres (0%, 0.05...

This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of salt extracted peanut seeds after oil extraction as a novel coagulant for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment process. The coagulation activity was investigated for the peanuts seeds after its oil extraction...