Zakaria Belrhiti

• PhD in Public Health MD MPH
• Assistant Professor at Mohammed VI University of health sciences (UM6SS)

Background High rates of maternal mortality and morbidity remain significant health issues in low- and middle-income countries. Despite this, few researchers have investigated the underlying factors of severe maternal complications in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to determine the socioeconomic, demograp...

Since 2014, the health sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been undergoing reforms aimed at strengthening the Provincial Health Administration (PHA) to better support health district development through technical support to district health management teams (DHMTs). However, there is limited understanding of how, for whom, and under w...

As a theory-driven evaluation design grounded in the critical realism philosophy, realist evaluation relies on eliciting the assumptions of stakeholders about how programmes are expected to produce outcomes. Little is known about key principles for involving stakeholders in realist evaluations. In this scoping review of realist evaluation studies,...

Employee-driven innovation (EDI) is still under-researched in health policy and system research, particularly in low and middle-income countries. EDI is recognized as a lever to improve the commitment of health workers, promote quality of care, and contribute to creating value and transforming healthcare practices, services, structures, and process...

Background The private healthcare sector has become an essential component of healthcare systems globally. This interest has increased with the universal health coverage agenda. However, in most low- and middle-income countries, few classificatory studies of the private hospital sector were carried out. Methods This study describes the private hos...

Central to realist evaluation is its focus on underlying generative mechanisms that cause outcomes in particular contexts, often presented as context–mechanism–outcome configurations. The first author brought together 22 realist evaluation experts in a Delphi technique-inspired exercise to explore the potential of creating a database from context–m...

Background Worldwide, physical inactivity (PIA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are recognized as significant challenges hindering the achievement of the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). PIA and SB are responsible for 1.6 million deaths attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has urge...

Background In 2006, the Ministry of Health in the Democratic Republic of Congo designed a strategy to strengthen the health system by developing health districts. This strategy included a reform of the provincial health administration to provide effective technical support to district health management teams in terms of leadership and management. T...

In many countries, healthcare systems suffer from fragmentation between hospitals and primary care. In response, many governments institutionalised healthcare networks (HN) to facilitate integration and efficient healthcare delivery. Despite potential benefits, the implementation of HN is often challenged by inefficient collaborative dynamics that...

Background: In 2006, the Ministry of Health in the Democratic Republic of Congo designed a strategy to strengthen the health system by developing health districts. This strategy included a reform of the provincial health administration to provide effective technical support to District Health Management Teams in terms of leadership and management....

Abstract Background Physical activity and nutrient supplementation have been acknowledged to have moderate effects on symptoms and treatment compliance of patients suffering from mental disorders. However, there is still a lack of consensus on whether these interventions are effective on schizophrenia clinical and quality of life outcomes. Our obje...

Background Worldwide, approximately there are 15.6 million people who inject drugs. Recently, a rising prevalence of hepatitis C virus among the people who inject drugs community (8.2 million, 40 to 80% of people who inject drugs) urged governments to implement targeted preventive and structural interventions. Yet, social stigma, poor interaction w...

Objectives We aimed to understand how capacity building programmes (CBPs) of district health managers (DHMs) have been designed, delivered and evaluated in sub-Saharan Africa. We focused on identifying the underlying assumptions behind leadership and management CBPs at the district level. Design Scoping review. Data sources We searched five elect...

Introduction In 2006, the Congolese Ministry of Health developed a health system strengthening strategy focusing on health district development. This strategy called for reforming the provincial health administration in order to better support the health district development through leadership and management capacity building of district health man...

Introduction Migrants’ access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is constrained by several individual, organisational and structural barriers. To address these barriers, many interventions have been developed and implemented worldwide to facilitate the access and utilisation of SRH services for migrant populations. The aim of this sco...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an enormous psychological impact worldwide. This study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, stress, and compensatory behaviors among Moroccan healthcare workers (HCWs) during COVID-19. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a snowball sampling strategy. This descriptive cross-sectional study was...

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns were raised about the lack of knowledge and awareness of health workers (HW) in hampering the implementation of COVID-19 preventive strategies in hospitals. Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the health workers related to COVID-...

Résumé Contexte. - Pendant la pandémie de Covid-19, dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire, la résilience des hôpitaux a joué un rôle essentiel pour apporter une réponse adéquate à la pandémie. En Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient, peu d'attention a été accordée aux stratégies de résilience des hôpitaux. Objectif. - Explorer les stratégies...

Cannabis use represents the most commonly illicit drug intake worldwide. m-Health interventions have the potential to play a key role in the fight against cannabis intake issues. A steadily increasing number of m-Health apps are currently available on commercial app stores to support psychoactive substance users. This study aims at exploring techni...

Background In Morocco’s health systems, reforms were accompanied by increased tensions among doctors, nurses and health managers, poor interprofessional collaboration and counterproductive power struggles. However, little attention has focused on the processes underlying these interprofessional conflicts and their nature. Here, we explored the pers...

Background Breast cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa experience long time intervals between their first presentation to a health care facility and the start of cancer treatment. The role of the health system in the increasing treatment time intervals has not been widely investigated. This review aimed to identify existing information on health s...

Introduction : Les hôpitaux publics en Afrique sub-saharienne se caractérisent par une faiblesse de leurs performances. Aussi, le Burkina Faso a-t-il expérimenté un mode de gestion privé dans un hôpital public pour améliorer sa performance. Objectif : Évaluer la performance du CHU de Tengandogo (CHU-T) de Ouagadougou, un hôpital public à mode de ge...

Background In low and middle incomes countries (LMICs), health policies failed to reduce significantly maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This was attributed to inequitable access to care and to poor governance of local health systems. In Morocco, there are still regional disparities with access to maternal care, and poor governance of regional...

Background Breast cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa experience long delays between their first presentation to a health care facility and the start of cancer treatment. The role of the health system in the increasing delays in treatment has not been widely investigated. This review aimed to identify existing information on health system factors...

Introduction In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), populations are increasingly dissatisfied by governmental health services and by poor performance of local health systems. This has been attributed to poor management and leadership capacities of district health managers, lack of motivation and commitment of health workers, inadequate health...

Contexte: La coordination des soins des cancers du sein et col de l’utérus est particulièrement complexe, du fait qu’elle nécessite, l’intervention de multiples prestataires, à différents niveaux organisationnels du système de soins. Cela crée des défis pour les professionnels de la santé, afin qu’ils travaillent efficacement ensemble, pour fournir...

Contexte: La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) revitalise les districts sanitaires (DS) pour renforcer son système de santé. Chaque DS dispose d'une structure de gestion et de leadership appelée équipe-cadre (EC), responsable du pilotage de son développement en système local de santé intégré et offrant des soins de qualité à la population. Les...

Received: 25 January 2020 Final Accepted: 27 February 2020 Published: March 2020 Key words:- Niveau Intermédiaire, District Sanitaire, Équipe-Cadre, Leadership Et Gouvernance, Renforcement Du Système De Santé, Lubumbashi Cette étude de cas à méthode mixte a évalué la cohérence et la pertinence des interactions entre le soutien du niveau intermé...

Objectives: This study aimed at opening the black box of the relationship between leadership and motivation of health workers by focusing on a high-performance hospital in Morocco. Design: We adopted the realist evaluation approach and used the case study design to test the initial programme theory we formulated on the basis of a scoping review...

Objectives: We aimed at exploring the underlying mechanisms and contextual conditions by which leadership may influence 'public service motivation' of health providers in Moroccan hospitals. Design: We used the realist evaluation (RE) approach in the following steps: eliciting the initial programme theory, designing the study, carrying out the d...

Background: The motivation of health workers is a key concern of policy makers, practitioners and researchers. Public Service Motivation (PSM), defined as the altruistic desire to serve the common interest, to serve others and to help patients and their families regardless of financial or external rewards, has been shown to be key to the performan...

La politique publique du système de santé de district et sa mise en oeuvre : une étude mixte d'évaluation dans la ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. La politique publique du système de santé de district et sa mise en oeuvre : une étude mixte d'évaluation dans la ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo.

Trois Zones d'Apprentissage et de Recherche (ZAR) sont développées par le programme RIPSEC en République Démocratique duCongo (RDC). Cette stratégie consiste à utiliser un district sanitaire comme substrat pour former des managers des districts de santé et mener des recherches sur les systèmes de santé. L'objet de cet article est d'explorer les pri...

Introduction: Nowadays, health systems are generally acknowledged to be complex social systems. Consequently, scholars, academics, practitioners, and policy-makers are exploring how to adopt a complexity perspective in health policy and system research. While leadership and complexity has been studied extensively outside health, the implications of...

Supplementary file 1. List of Included Studies.

Supplementary file 2. Complex Leadership Studies in Non-healthcare Settings and Reasons for Exclusion.

Supplementary file 3. Measurement and Interpretation of Kappa Coefficient

Supplementary file 4. Research Question in Complex Leadership

Supplementary file 5. Scope, Epistemology, Theory and Conceptual Definitions of Complex Leadership.

Supplementary file 6. Categorization Criteria of Included Papers.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic skin disease, linked to poverty, and belonging to the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Depending on the severity, the type of lesions or scars, and the context, CL can lead to self- and social stigma influencing the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient. This dimens...

We conducted a scoping review of complex leadership (CL) in health care to explore how complex leadership in health care has been defined and conceptualised and to investigate how has ‘complex leadership’ been applied in health care settings.

Au Maroc, la décentralisation des services de santé est un levier principal de la réforme du système de santé. A cet égard, l'autonomisation et le renforcement des capacités des gestionnaires hospitaliers, l’informatisation et la régulation de l’offre de soins demeurent indispensables afin d’assurer un management performant du territoire de santé l...

Background: District health managers play a key role in the effectiveness of decentralized health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Inadequate management and leadership skills often hamper their ability to improve quality of care and effectiveness of health service delivery. Nevertheless, significant investments have been made in capaci...

Irrational medicine use is a major health problem. It is responsible for low medical care quality and squandering of valuable resources in low and middle income countries. In Morocco, the ministry of health implemented rational medicine use policy in order to optimize drug usage and ensure access to medicine for deprived population. To what extend...

Identifying motivational factors in a provincial hospital in Es -Smara, Morocco. ABSTRACT: Introduction: managers of health services organizations face a challenging environment. Indeed, trends in health are mostly characterized by sustainable advance in medical technology, an increasing need of population, and a scarcity of resources. The motivat...

Soucieux de l’importance accordée par l’OMS au pilotage des hôpitaux, le Ministère de la Santé au Maroc a développé une matrice d’analyse de la perfor-mance hospitalière. Ce tableau de bord traditionnel, ne répond pas aux besoins des gestionnaires dans le suivi de l’exécution des projets stratégiques hospitaliers. Le Balanced Scorecard (BSC), conçu...