Zainal Arifin

Zainal Arifin
National Research and Innovation Agency

PhD
work on marine pollution, indonesian throughflow (ITF),small islands

About

96
Publications
65,457
Reads
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1,559
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
June 2015 - September 2019
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Position
  • CEO
Description
  • Advise research program of earth sciences i.e., metalurgy and material geotechnology, limnology, oceanography and deep sea research
Education
September 1994 - August 2000
Simon Fraser University
Field of study
  • Marine Pollution (Ecotoxicology)
September 1986 - May 1989
Dalhousie University
Field of study
  • Marine Science

Publications

Publications (96)
Article
Unsustainable governance has caused numerous challenges for some small islands, especially those where there is human activity. Addressing issues such as water security, environmental challenges, and unsustainable living are urgent concerns. Towards meeting the needs of effective management, National Research and Innovation Agency and Institute of...
Article
Full-text available
Marine pollution, a major disturbance to the sustainable use of oceans, is becoming more prevalent around the world. Multidimensional and sustainable ocean governance have become increasingly focused on managing, reducing, and eliminating marine pollution. Artificial intelligence has been used more and more in recent years to monitor and control ma...
Article
Marine plastic litter has become an emerging pollution issue in Indonesia. In this review, we examined policies related to plastic litter and their impact on reducing plastic litter in Indonesian seas and analyzed the progress in marine plastic research to contribute to the policy. Then, synthesized gaps to improve policy and possible scientific co...
Article
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The abundance of microplastics fragments with sizes larger than 0.30-0.35 mm is measured during two research cruises in the tropical Northwestern Pacific Ocean and inside the Indonesian seas. The fragments are confirmed to be primarily nylon, polyester, and polyethylene etc. microplastics in the western Pacific by Fourier transform infrared spectro...
Article
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An autonomous underwater glider was deployed in the Maluku Channel during 1 December 2018 through 21 February 2019 to measure temperature and salinity profiles of the upper ∼1,000 m continuously. The measurements suggest intraseasonal variations of the Pacific water mass intrusions into the Maluku Channel, which has not been reported before. The No...
Article
Short-finned pilot whales (SFPW) are a group of cetaceans found globally in tropical and temperate seas and are commonly stranded in the group, but the reason behind their stranding is still unknown. No detailed information on the contamination status and bioaccumulation of halogenated organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),...
Article
Full-text available
Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other brominated flame retardants, were detected in the liver, muscle, and ovary tissues of the Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis) incidentally caught around Gangga Island, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, on November...
Article
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The mean circulation and volume budgets in the upper 1200 m of the Maluku Sea are studied using multiyear current meter measurements of four moorings in the Maluku Channel and of one synchronous mooring in the Lifamatola Passage. The measurements show that the mean current in the depth range of 60–450 m is northward toward the Pacific Ocean with a...
Article
Maritime law enforcement is very important duty for a coastal state as failure to properly enforce maritime security law can result in undermining the sovereignty, security, and safety of a coastal state. The high number of maritime crimes occurring in Indonesian waters shows that this country is still faced with the enforcement of maritime securit...
Preprint
Full-text available
Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other brominated flame retardants, were determined in the liver, muscle, and ovary tissue of Indonesian coelacanth ( Latimeria menadoensis ) incidentally caught around Gangga Island, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia on November 5...
Article
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Upwelling plays a crucial role in driving cross-shelf circulation between the continental shelf and boundary currents. It is well known that upwelling results in the exchange of heat, nutrients, fish larvae, and other properties. It controls primary productivity, which promotes higher trophic levels and fisheries. Upwelling can be identified by at...
Article
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Water pollution and its impacts on ecosystems in Jakarta Bay have been extensively studied over the years. Muara Angke is known anecdotally as one of the most heavily polluted parts of Jakarta Bay. In the context of the ongoing debate regarding contamination in the area, we present data on the concentration of metals in green mussels Perna viridis,...
Article
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The Indonesian Throughflow plays an important role in the global ocean circulation and climate. Existing studies of the Indonesian Throughflow have focused on the Makassar Strait and the exit straits, where the upper thermocline currents carry North Pacific waters to the Indian Ocean. Here we show, using mooring observations, that a previous unknow...
Article
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The currents and water mass properties at the Pacific entrance of the Indonesian seas are studied using measurements of three subsurface moorings deployed between the Talaud and Halmahera Islands. The moored current meter data show northeastward mean currents toward the Pacific Ocean in the upper 400m during the nearly 2-yr mooring period, with the...
Article
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The north and south Pacific waters influenced the water mass profile in the eastern inflow region of Indonesian throughflow (ITF), including Halmahera Sea, Maluku Sea, and Sangihe–Talaud Waters. Pacific waters are characterized by the strong salinity stratification in the upper-ocean (0–300m depth). Repeated annual oceanographic observations in the...
Chapter
The rapid development of Indonesia over the past 20 years and also its increasing negative impact on the environment are by far best to be seen at the metropolitan area and the corresponding coastal ecosystems of Jakarta. All the information and facts reported in this chapter regarding the environmental state of Jakarta Bay demonstrate impressively...
Article
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The wind and current are two physical forces that strongly influence the biogeochemistry in coastal waters. Both of these forces could enhance the Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration through the upwelling process. Here we examine the contribution of the wind and current to the Chl-a variability in the South Java upwelling system in terms of wind st...
Article
The occurrence of several aquatic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, were investigated in seawater samples collected from effluent-dominated sites in Indonesia: 4 sites in Jakarta Bay and one on the north coast of Central Java. The data presented in this preliminary study provide a snapshot of seawater quality in these areas. Results show tha...
Article
Full-text available
The Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) dynamics in the upwelling system associate with physical variables that accompany it, whether it is a driver or a response to the upwelling process. As an upwelling driver, wind and current could enhance the Chl-a concentration through a process known as wind-driven and current-driven upwelling, respectively. On the other...
Article
Full-text available
The ocean is the ultimate sink for anthropogenic pollution. According to the HydroSHED model, over 80% of the land mass on Earth is in a watershed that drains directly to the ocean (Lehner and Grill 2013). Until recently, the ocean seemed to be endlessly able to absorb all the waste that human activity has discharged into it. The Ocean Health Index...
Article
Full-text available
The ocean currents in the Halmahera Sea are studied using a subsurface mooring deployed in the Jailolo Strait from November 2015 to October 2017. The sub-tidal currents of the mooring measurements are characterized by a two-layer system, with the current variability below about 200 m in opposite phases to that in the upper layer. The mean along-str...
Article
Full-text available
The Cooperative Study of Kuroshio and its marginal seas (CSK) is one of the international joint research project conducted in the Western Pacific region. Many Asian countries had been involved in this project from 1965 to1979. Data and information from the CSK are enormous and cover wide-ranging aspects of marine science from the Kuroshio and adjac...
Article
Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as an emerging issue worldwide, including Indonesia. Due to the limited of data available regarding MPs pollution in Indonesian waters, we investigated the occurrence, spatial distribution, characteristics, and potential ecological impacts of MPs in sediments from 25 stations in the Banten Bay, a shallow and semi...
Article
Full-text available
The JSPS Core-to-Core Research and Education Network on Coastal Ecosystems in Southeast Asia (RENSEA) 2016-2019 program has benefited Indonesian and Japanese researchers, as well as researchers in Southeast Asia. The program consists of three research groups; G1: Physical oceanography, G2: Biodiversity, and G3: Marine pollution. Considering the vas...
Article
Full-text available
The Indonesian seas play a fundamental role in the coupled ocean and climate system with the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) providing the only tropical pathway connecting the global oceans. Pacific warm pool waters passing through the Indonesian seas are cooled and freshened by strong air-sea fluxes and mixing from internal tides to form a unique wat...
Article
Full-text available
The Cooperative Study of Kuroshio and its marginal seas (CSK) is one of the international joint research project conducted in the Western Pacific region. Many Asian countries had been involved in this project from 1965 to1979. Data and information from the CSK are enormous and cover wide-ranging aspects of marine science from the Kuroshio and adjac...
Article
Full-text available
The Maluku Channel is a major opening of the eastern Indonesian Seas to the western Pacific Ocean, the upper-ocean currents of which have rarely been observed historically. During December 2012-November 2016, long time series of the upper Maluku Channel transport are measured successfully for the first time using subsurface oceanic moorings. The me...
Article
Full-text available
Attention to the deep-sea ecosystem research in order to achieve blue economy goals is low. The Banda Sea is important deep-sea ecosystem in Indonesia and it was identified as a global marine mega-biodiversity site. The objectives of this paper are 1) to document the history, achievements, and challenges of deep-sea research development and 2) to d...
Article
Full-text available
The Maluku Channel is a major opening of the eastern Indonesian Seas to the western Pacific Ocean, the upper-ocean currents of which have rarely been observed historically. During December 2012-November 2016, long time series of the upper Maluku Channel transport are measured successfully for the first time using subsurface oceanic moorings. The me...
Article
Full-text available
Coastal development, growing urbanization and industrialization are the most important stressors of coral reefs worldwide. Jakarta is one of the largest megacities worldwide. The coral reefs of the Thousand Islands north of Jakarta have degraded dramatically over the last 30-40 years. While large-scale gradients (i.e., regional drivers) have been e...
Article
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The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-...
Article
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In this study, the concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg were determined in marine surface sediment to assess the impact of pollution sources around the Ambon Bay by application of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The metals concentrations found were in the following ranges (in mg kg-1 DW): 27,598 to 51,716 for Fe, 13.7 to 44.8 for Cu, 51...
Article
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Sea cucumbers have long been used as food and traditional medicine in Asian countries with Stichopus hermanni, Thelenota ananas, Thelenota anax, Holothuria fuccogilva, and Actinopyga mauritiana as most highly-valued species. These organisms are potential source of high value-added compounds with therapeutic properties such as triterpene glycosides,...
Article
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Consumption of both marine and freshwater fishes is considered as a healthy way to obtain diet, but the ingestion of contaminated fishes remains a concern. Our study is conducted to asses cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents in various fishes consumed by coastal communities in six districts of West Kalimantan (Indonesia) and their health risks to th...
Article
Full-text available
Consumption of both marine and freshwater fishes is considered as a healthy way to obtain diet, but the ingestion of contaminated fishes remains a concern. Our study is conducted to asses cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents in various fishes consumed by coastal communities in six districts of West Kalimantan (Indonesia) and their health risks to th...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Two different mechanisms of nutrient inputs seasonally in Arafura Sea were reviewed in order to understand the outcomes of these mechanisms on the primary production in supporting fishery industries and marine pollution. The mechanism of nutrient inputs in Arafura Sea during the southeast monsoonal winds were based on undercurrent circulation newly...
Article
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Mercury and arsenic are considered to be the most toxic metals and have been associated with serious adverse health effects. These two trace metals and other contaminants that found in fish products are among public concern for food-safety reason. Hence, we selected three marine species i.e., yellow fin tuna, marlin and green mussel because of the...
Article
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Toxicity of ammonia was evaluated using amphipod Grandidierella bonnieroides to describe its role as confounding factor in sediment quality assessment. Ammonia is a toxic compound that is found naturally in seawater and sediment. High ammonia content in the pore water sediment can be potentially toxic to benthic biota, so that it will interfere wit...
Article
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Coastal water represents 8% of the global ocean. The one of coastal ecosystem is seagrass ecosystem. The role of coastals ecosystem, such as seagrass ecosystem as source or sink carbondioxide (CO2) from atmospher to sea and dynamic of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) has not been fully understood. The objective of study is analyzed DIC data and anc...
Article
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Amphipods inhabit many marine benthic habitats and have an important ecological role. However, there is a lack of information about Indonesian amphipod diversity and dist ribution, especially in the shallow subtidal sediments of Probolinggo and Tangerang. During the transition to the monsoon season in September 2014, eight subtidal stations were...
Conference Paper
Impact of El Nino 1997/1998 was recorded during recruitment of the tropical glass eels (Anguilla spp) in the Poigar River estuary, North Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The glass eels recruited in the estuary with peak in 1997 and drastically decreased in 1998 before gradually increased from 1999 to 2002. Three species of the tropical glass eels were i...
Article
Full-text available
Enhalus acoroides is the largest population of seagrasses in Indonesia. However, growth rate and productivity analyses of Enhalus acoroides and the use of satellite data to estimate its the productivity are still rare. The goal of the research was to analyze the growth rate, productivity rate,seasonal productivity of Enhalus acoroides in Pari islan...
Article
Full-text available
Southeast Asia is known as a center of biodiversity of the earth. As economic growth of this region is remarkable, conservation of biodiversity is a top priority issue. For this purpose, it is important to monitor the environmental condition in effective ways. We are trying to detect pollutants in coastal and estuary waters through the expression l...
Article
Full-text available
Southeast Asia is known as a center of biodiversity of the earth. As economic growth of this region is remarkable, conservation of biodiversity is a top priority issue. For this purpose, it is important to monitor the environmental condition in effective ways. We are trying to detect pollutants in coastal and estuary waters through the expression l...
Article
Full-text available
The concentrations and the distribution of organotin (OT) compounds and booster biocides in sediment and biological samples from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are reviewed. Basically, the concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in these countries were within the levels that have been reported in developed countries. However, the concentrati...
Article
Coastal marine environments are considered to be the most sensitive areas for the accumulation of organotin (OT) compounds and other emerging new pollutants, such as perfluoroalkyl compounds. Contamination by these compounds is a matter of great concern due to their accumulation and possible negative impact on the coastal environment and organisms....
Article
Full-text available
Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was carried out during Arafura and Timor Seas Ecosystem Action(ATSEA) Cruise on 10–16 May 2010. The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of total PAHs and to identifythe potential source of contamination in the Timor Sea. Fifteen priority PAHs based on U.S. Environmental Protec...
Article
We determined concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), and hopanes in coastal sediments collected from Jakarta Bay and Tokyo Bay. PAH concentrations in sediments from Jakarta Bay (257-1511 ng/g-dry) were lower than or comparable to those from Tokyo Bay (1372-1615 ng/g-...
Article
The geographical distributions of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (4,4'-DDE) were studied in the Berau delta (East Kalimantan, Indonesia), using sediment sampling and passive water sampling with semipermeable membrane devices. High concentrations o...
Article
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Kelabat Bay is a semi enclosed waters divided into two parts, i.e., outer part of Klabat bay facing the Natuna Sea (T Luar) and inner Kelabat bay surrounded by human activities and five river mouths (T Dalam). Study on metal concentrations on sediments and biota was carried out in March and July 2006. Water and sediment samples as well as biota wer...
Article
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Up to 2007, Central Government of Indonesia (Jakarta) has enacted four National Legislations related to MPA establishment and management. Field visits were conducted to six different MPAs with different level of management – Manokwari, Raja Ampat, Wakatobi, Berau, Komodo and Nusa Penida. The study aimed to document mode of declaration and governanc...
Article
Full-text available
A preliminary study on the response of amphipod exposed to contaminated sediments of Jakarta Bay was carried out in October 2009. The objective of the study was to determine the mortality rate of amphipod in response to exposure of contaminated sediments. Seven sediment samples were taken from the bay, i.e, reference site (St. A), and six-contamina...
Article
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Surficial sediments were collected from 17 locations in the estuarine region of the Berau Delta, Indonesia in April and September of 2007. Sediments were characterized by a simultaneous extraction procedure that estimates the concentration of metal partitioned onto operationally defined geochemical components of the sediment. The results showed tha...