Zainab Ngaini

• University of East Anglia,UK
• Professor at University of Malaysia, Sarawak

This study investigates aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from offshore Ghana, focusing on their distribution, sources, and ecological risk. Samples were collected from 15 sites near Deep Water Tano and West Cape Three Points blocks. GC-FID and GC–MS analyses revealed higher concentrations in West Cape Three Points compare...

Biochar is a multifaceted, inexpensive, and sustainable material with amazing physio-chemical properties for versatile research applications. Extensive research has been carried out to produce and utilize biochar as a catalyst with a wide range of surface conditions. Metallic and nonmetallic biochar-derived catalysts have multifunctional roles in a...

The significant health risks presented by the rising levels of heavy metals and other contaminants in wastewater are driving an increase in research on water treatment for heavy metal removal. Extensive research has been carried out for effective and economical techniques for wastewater treatment. Current research on designed biochar explores fruit...

Biochar is a value-added product of biomass which is thermochemically synthesized. Application of biochar covers different processes/activities including environmental remediation, water purification, catalysis, tissue engineering, additive in organic waste compost, electrode material and modifier, and so on. Biochar is modified with respect to the...

Biochar-based research has been widely studied due to its superb physio-chemical properties and versatile applications. Numerous carbonization techniques of biomass have been introduced to form unique properties of biochars through thermochemical decomposition from the conventional to the latest technology (i.e., muffle, microwave, and tube pyrolys...

The study investigated the comprehensive mapping of methane mole fraction in Greater Accra Region, Ghana. It aims to quantify δ13C-CH4, identify sources, and map methane levels, distinguishing between biogenic and thermogenic sources using isotopic analysis. On average, 300 study sites were spotted for each district in Greater Accra Region for meth...

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon pollution in Ghana's coastal sediments, with a focus on aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The primary objectives were to identify the sources of hydrocarbon pollution, assess its extent, and understand its implications for environmental management and policy. A t...

The exploitation of naturally derived drugs can become a replacement for ineffective drugs due to the relentless antimicrobial resistance. A series of natural-product-based coumarin-chalcones (4a-4i) were synthesised via facile Steglich esterification. The coumarin-chalcones (4a-4i) showed effective inhibition against P. aeruginosa (7-13 mm) and E....

Several biomass waste categories are being used to generate a variety of value-added products due to their natural abundanceand low cost. Melia azedarach waste biomass is burned since no industrial application has been identified. To identify a better utilization, activated carbon was produced from Melia azedarach leaves and twigs through the molte...

Lead compounds containing nitrogen pharmacophores from natural resources have garnered interest among researchers due to their potential for drug development. However, the extractions of the active metabolites are usually labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, halogenated vanillin derivatives featuring azo dyes (N=N) (1a-1 h) and Schiff...

Flavonoids belong to the polyphenol group that naturally exists in fruits, vegetables, tea, and grains. Flavonoids, as secondary metabolites, show indispensable contributions to biolog-ical processes and the responses of plants to numerous environmental factors. The bioactivity of flavonoids depends on C6-C3-C6 ring substitution patterns that exhib...

This study investigated the impact of soil type, pH, and geographical locations on the accumulation of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in rice grains cultivated in Ghana. One hundred rice farms for the sampling of rice grains and soil were selected from two regions in Ghana—Volta and Oti. The concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd were analyzed...

Vegetable oil (VO) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon in innumerable compositions and abundantly found in natural plants, seeds and fruits. Vegetable oils have gained a mammoth consideration in this new era due to their limitless applications in different sectors including biofuels, food, soaps, cosmetics, textile, paint and coating, and plastic...

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of groundwater pollution in the Lower Anayari Catchment (LAC) through δ²H and δ¹⁸O isotopic analysis, along with positive matrix factorization (PMF) and PCS-MLR receptor models. Forty groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and equipped boreholes across the LAC. Flame photometry for Na⁺...

Recent Synthesis of Mono‐ & Bis‐Pyranopyrazole Derivatives. Pyranopyrazole is an important structural unit in heterocyclic chemistry and is useful in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The pyranopyrazole‐based compounds are known in the agricultural industry as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide agents and in medicinal fields as antim...

Dissipation kinetics of λ-cyhalothrin in mineral and peat soils of Semongok (mineral soil) and Sibu (peat soil) farms was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment under different temperature and moisture conditions at normal and double application dosages. The soil was spiked with λ-cyhalothrin at 5 and 25 µg/g soil, respectively. The soi...

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has gained wide interest among researchers due to its unique molecular recognition of the template that is suitable as a drug carrier. Therefore, the preparation and formulation of the MIP are significant to suit the needs of the intended use. Due to its significance in drug delivery, this review aims to highligh...

This paper describes a device known as a Single-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) that was used to generate bioelectricity from plant waste containing lignocellulosic components, such as bamboo leaves, rice husk and coconut waste, with various anodic chamber substrate compositions. The maximum power density among all assembled SMFCs was determined...

Nanotechnology has a lot of potential and versatility in various fields due to its special features and functions. Studies on nanotechnology have attracted a lot of attention, including those on nanomedicine and nano-absorbent to prevent, treat, diagnose, manage diseases, and degrade harmful substances. Metallic nanoparticles have great potential i...

This study was conducted to contour dissipation patterns of two pesticides (profenofos and λ-cyhalothrin) on B. juncea (green mustard) grown under green house (G.H.) and open field (O.F.) during dry and wet season. The dissipation data of studied pesticides were fitted into the first order kinetic equation. Based on the dissipation rate constant, k...

A variety of biomolecules known as enzymes are found in honey and originated from bees and plant nectars. The plant yields nectar that aids bees in producing honey. Diastases, invertases, glucosidases, glucose oxidases and proteases are the common enzymes present in honey and highly sensitive toward UV-vis light, heat, and microwave energy. Among a...

Chemical modification of active scaffolds from natural products has gained interest in pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, the metabolites extraction is time-consuming while the lead is frequently mismatched with the receptor. Here, the diazo coupling approach was introduced to generate a series of vanillin derivatives featuring halogenated az...

Biogenic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) produced from garlic and ginger have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and electronics industries. Despite many commercial NPs reported, NPs made from natural extracts are more affordable, straightforward and environmentally friendly than synthetic approaches. Biogenic metallic...

This study investigated the utilization of bamboo leaf waste and two varieties of bacterial sources, chicken manure and effective microorganism, in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at three substrate concentrations (40 g/liter, 80 g/liter, and 160 g/liter). The primary objective was to investigate the kinetics of bacterial growth at various substrate co...

Diverse types of biomass have been reported to originate activated carbon and have been evaluated as heavy metals adsorbent to mitigate the environmental issue. In this study, Melia azedarach leaves and twigs were used as precursor for activated carbons preparation via molten salt synthesis using ZnCl 2 as activator at 500°C. Melia azedarach leaves...

The aim of this study was to investigate the generation of electricity in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) using coconut waste as substrate with various compositions. Different types of substrate with different pH values were tested in dual-chamber MFC. The maximum voltage level reached 699mV under alkaline condition after day 7th, which was considerabl...

In this study, the dissipation pattern of the fungicide in green mustard and soil was studied through field trials experiments conducted under the net house and open field in wet and dry seasons. Field trial results were then compared with data collected from laboratory trials conducted under controlled conditions. Chlorothalonil residue showed 99....

Silica-based heterogeneous catalyst derived from rice husk ash (RHA) was used for the transformation of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) into biodiesel. The production of the biodiesel from PFAD was conducted via esterification and transesterification employing Huskcatacid and Huskcatbase, respectively. The biodiesel was analyzed from different pa...

The demand for natural product based drugs with less cost and efficient procedures has become a challenge to researchers. Benzalacetophenone is a natural product based species that is modified into numerous heterocyclic compounds including isoxazoline and isoxazole derivatives. The utility of isoxazoline and oxazole derivatives has been increased f...

A series of mono-substituted thiourea (2a–i) and bis-substituted thiourea-azo (3a–f) derived from paracetamol derivatives were prepared from isothiocyanates with one and two equivalents of halogenated azo dyes, respectively. The incorporation of azo-derived paracetamol via thiourea moiety in 2a–i depicted excellent microbial activity on Staphylococ...

Microwave pyrolysis is an energy, time, and cost-saving process for conversion of biowaste from agricultural sector into biochar. Sago bark waste was microwave pyrolyzed at 400 °C to produce sago bark microwave biochar (M−B), which was then treated with NaOH and HCl to generate acid-base modified sago bark microwave biochar (M−Bab). FTIR analysis e...

Chalcone natural products modified drugs are a significant tool for the pharmaceutical industry to cure cancer. Numerous cytotoxic drugs have some drawbacks such as toxicity effect, high cost, less bioavailability, poor selectivity and drug resistance properties. The production of effective and high potent cytotoxic agents has become a challenge no...

The synthesis of effective antimicrobial therapeutics has become a challenge due to the occurrence of genetic mutations in microbes that reduced the efficiency of drugs. A new series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives (1 a‐g, 2 a‐g, 3 a‐g, 4 a‐g) were designed with 52.64‐93.69 % yield under microwave and scrutinized for their antimicrobial activi...

Utilizing agricultural wastes into value-added products of a low-cost adsorbent has become of interest in recent years. In this study, sago-silica composite with a ratio of 80:20 (w/w%) was prepared via chemical grafting of abundantly available sago waste and rice husk. The physicochemical properties of the composites were characterized, and their...

Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the suitability of various agricultural wastes as biosorbent for heavy metals removal. Previous published reviews on heavy metal removal by agricultural waste-based biosorbent were limited to narrative and systematic reviews, with no statistical analysis to compare outcomes across different bios...

The rise of antimicrobial resistance for infectious bacteria has become an alarming issue to human health. New antimicrobial drugs are in dire need and pivotal to overcome this issue. In this study, aspirinate azo ligands bearing different halogens L1-5 has been prepared via diazo-coupling reaction. The ligands L1-5 were coordinated with silver, Ag...

The use of agricultural by-products has been widely studied to develop effective and inexpensive adsorbent for heavy metal removal. In this study, sago ( M.sagu ) fly ash (FA) was chemically modified to afford an operational adsorbent for Pb (II) elimination from water. Chemical modification was carried out via acid-base treatment using NaOH and HC...

In this study, coconut shells were converted into biochar via pyrolysis and chemically modified via an acid-base treatment to enrich its adsorption capabilities. Batch experiments were carried out to analyze the adsorption potential of the modified coconut shell (MCSC) or removal of chromium, nickel, and copper from aqueous solution. The chemical m...

Eleusine indica, a perennial herb that belongs to the Poaceae family, is locally known as “rumput sambau”. The species can be found in the tropical regions and it is the only species of Eleusine in Malaysia. In India, some parts of the plant such as the roots and the seeds are used as food and can be eaten raw or cooked. The young seedling is also...

The production of effective drugs has continuously been a challenging process for researchers due to the occurrence of resistive diseases. Drugs derived from natural product‐based compounds as an active scaffold have gained interest in drug development due to a wide range of biological properties. Benzoheterodiazepines, a natural product derivative...

Chalcone is a naturally derived compound which has well-known for its antimicrobial potency. Different factors reduced the efficiency of drug derivatives effective drugs always remain in demand. In this present work, bioisosteric replacement of carboxyl group is described in 1a–h, 2a–h, 3a–h and 4a–h) via microwave-assisted synthesis with excellent...

Heavy metals eradication from water is a complicated subject, therefore a viable, resilient, and green technology is imperative. Heavy metal removal can be accomplished through easy access, economical, and efficient sorbents derived from agricultural waste. In the current study, palm kernel shell (PKS) waste was converted into biochar (PKSC) via py...

Stingless bee honey is a unique edible natural product and has been used by humankind for millenniums for various purposes , mostly as food and for therapeutic uses. The compositions of honey and propolis are varied in different geographical locations which contribute to different pharmacological activities. Many studies reported on the pharmaceuti...

Chalcone‐derived pyrimidine is a well‐known heterocyclic compound that is commonly present in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bio‐isosteres. Pyrimidine derivatives are effective in both the electronic industry and drug industries. This review is to highlight the synthesis of pyrimidines namely mono‐pyrimidine, bis‐pyrimidine,...

Smart polymers (SP) have been extensively developed for inventive and valuable resolutions in diverse applications such as in the electrical and biomedical fields. Numerous synthetic techniques that have been introduced to form unique smart polymers with desired properties (e.g., size, shape, and geometry) are discussed. Specific design of SP is a...

The application of magnetic nanoparticles coated with cationic polymers in the biomedicine field has been studied extensively. The biological properties of chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeted delivery make nanocomposites an excellent choice in gene delivery systems. Several methods of prepari...

In this work, a new organic compound (K-Azo) was introduced to enhance the electrical and optical performance of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) nanostructured films. The improved and modified chemical vapour method was employed for the synthesis of GO and rGO. The photophysical characterization of thin films was performed by applying anal...

In this study, Schiff bases containing salicylaldehyde moiety (namely salicylaldehyde 2-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and salicylaldehyde triazole) were synthesized using the conventional refluxing method. The Schiff bases were utilized in the encapsulation of ZnS nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were characterized us...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in a short period, where a tragically large number of human lives being lost. It is an infectious pandemic that recently infected more than two hundred countries in the world. Many potential treatments have been introduced, which are considered potent antiviral drugs and commonly repo...

New mono aspirinate thiourea-azo derivatives 2a–f were synthesized using aspirin as a natural product-based precursor, with 4-aminophenylazophenol derivatives in excellent 70–90% yields. Overall, 2a–f gave excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus S48/81 and 2-(((3-((2-bromophenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamothioyl)carbamo...

Background Sago palm is an important agricultural starch-producing crop in Malaysia. The trunk of sago palm is responsible for the production of the starch reaching maturity for harvesting after ten years. However, there are sago palms that failed to develop its trunk after 17 years being planted. This is known as a stressed “non-trunking” sago pal...

In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives (1a–c) were synthesized via Claisen‐Schmidt condensation, followed by aza‐Michael addition to form pyrazoline derivatives (2a–c and 3a–c). The reaction was performed via microwave radiation to give excellent yields (77–93%) in 1–3.5 min. Microwave‐assisted reaction of Fischer esterification of pyrazol...

Bacterial diseases cause hazardous infections due to the occurrence of bacterial resistance. Drugs production to cure bacterial resistance from natural sources has become ineffective to execute the resisted bacteria due to the unsuitable binding interaction of active sites with the receptors. Drug link to natural products moieties such as chalcones...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using spin-coating techniques and as-deposited films were sensitized with various dyes. A series of azo derivatives (2, 5a-b) having different structures were successfully prepared through the process of the azo coupling reaction. KAZO 6 was success...

Latest progress in liquid crystal (LC) field related to azo molecules incorporated to natural product-based moieties for the improvement of LC texture and mesomeric phases has received great interest among researchers. LC containing natural product-based moieties i.e. menthol, kojic acid, cholesterol and chalcone with stable azo and azobenzene scaf...

Pyrazole is an imperative heterocyclic molecule in synthetic and medicinal industry. Pyrazole is stable compounds are particularly used in pharmaceutical applications (i.e. anticancer, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant) and electronic industries. This review depicted the synthesis of pyrazoles derivatives by employing chalcone deriv...

In this study, microwave induced pyrolytic oil from sago bark (SB) was subjected to esterification to improve its properties. Improvement on properties of the pyrolytic oil was performed via esterification with ethanol and the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum esterification condition was studied using general factorial design. T...

For the first time, a detailed study was conducted on the impact of temperature for the transformation of biowaste to sustainable, porous carbon nanostructures. In this work, we performed green conversion of onion peel waste to carbon nanospheres. The biowaste was pyrolyzed at different consecutive temperatures from 200 to 1000 °C. The shape, size,...

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) bearing a number of organic ligands of various functional groups and substituents give rise to MOFs of unique crystal structures and topologies. A number of potential applications have been considered for these materials in a wide array of scientific fields, such as in the adsorption of industrially-relevant gases, a...

In the present work, the surface morphology and electrical characteristic of different doping ratio of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) in Titanium Oxide solution with different organic dyes (turmeric and beetroot) were studied. The Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) solution and reduced Graphene Oxides (rGO) were synthesized by using precipitation-peptization...

Epoxy chalcone is a heterocyclic molecule and an important precursor for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. This mini-review is elucidating the synthetic strategies of chalcone epoxide via one pot and two pot routes including nature of reactants, nature of catalyst and variety of catalyst to improve yield of desired product, biological...

The evolution of drug resistant bacteria has now becoming a major concern in the search for new antibacterial agent. Ongoing interest has also developing to find a new class of compounds with antioxidant properties. Herein, a series of hydroxylated chalcones 1a-g and aspirin-chalcone derivatives 2a-g were successfully synthesised for antibacterial...

Metroxylon sagu Rottb. or locally known as sago palm is a tropical starch crop grown for starch production in commercial plantations in Malaysia, especially in Sarawak, East Malaysia. This plant species accumulate the highest amount of edible starch compared to other starch-producing crops. However, the non-trunking phenomenon has been observed to...

A novel trimetallic W-Mg-Al oxide composites immobilised onto starch were synthesized via sol-gel method. W-Mg-Al oxide composites were synthesized by first preparing WO3 using incipient wetness method, followed by immobilising onto MgO-Al2O3 support using starch as binder. The effects of starch addition on the crystal properties and morphology wer...

Pyrazoline is an important heterocyclic compound in organic and pharmaceutical industry. The pyrazoline-based compounds are intensively used in medicines and agricultural industry. This review is to highlight various synthesis of pyrazolines namely azo-pyrazolines, bis-pyrazoline, symmetrical and asymmetrical pyrazolines via one-pot and two-pot syn...

This study explores the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of untreated and cyanoethyl-treated kempas wood sawdust cellulose fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. The fiber loadings of the composites were varied from 0 to 20 wt%, with the increment of 5 wt%. The composites were tested for water absorption, and their FTIR...

Sago bark (SB) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are available abundantly as agricultural waste in Sarawak. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of SB and EFB as composting materials and used as a plant growth medium. The SB and EFB composts were prepared in a separate container by mixing chicken manure as compost a...

A series of novel azo-coumarin derivatives with different aliphatic chain length (3a-e) have been synthesized and characterized for liquid crystal properties and their photoswitching behavior. The incorporation of coumarin along with azobenzene was prepared via esterification reaction and differ in the length of alkyl group, CnH2n+1, where n = 6, 8...

An up-to-date short review of the chalcone methodologies is presented, which is the most interesting and beneficial for choosing the desired protocol to synthesize suitable derivatives of chalcones. Chalcones are fluorescent, stable compounds which contribute to the synthesis of various pharmacologically important heterocyclic structure-based deriv...

In present work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films was produced by using modified hydrazine vapor. The experiment was conducted by varying the reduction temperatures to 50 ˚C, 60 ˚C, 70 ˚C and 80 ˚C respectively. This work’s aim is to investigate the effect of reduced temperature on the properties of rGO thin films. The thin films were charac...

In searching for drugs from natural product scaffolds has gained interest among researchers. In this study, a series of twelve halogenated thiourea (ATX 1-12) via chemical modification of aspirin (a natural product derivative) and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, HK-1 via MTS-based colorimetric ass...

Methyl-2-formyl benzoate is known as a bioactive precursor in organic synthesis of compounds due to its variety of pharmacological activities namely antifungal, antihypertensive anticancer, antiulcer, antipsychotic and antiviral properties. As an active scaffold, methyl-2-formyl benzoate can be considered as a significant structure and an excellent...

Eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent prepared from sago waste was investigated for the removal of methylene blue. Sago “hampas,” an abundant waste from sago industries, was transformed into activated carbon followed by chemical grafting with silica from activated rice husk in the presence of 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propylamine to afford sago-grafted sili...

Chemical modification of medicines from natural product-based molecules has become of interest in recent years. In this study, a series of halogenated azo derivatives 1a-d were synthesised via coupling reaction, followed by Steglich esterification with aspirin (a natural product derivative) to form azo derivatives 2a-d. While, halogenated azo-aspir...

The search for lead product with beneficial pharmacological properties has become a great challenge and costly. Extraction and synthetic modification of bioactive compounds from natural resources has gained great attention and is cost effective. In this study, kojic acid was produced from fungal fermentation, using sago waste as substrate, and chem...

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by treating graphite powder with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)/ phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at various reaction time. The GO thin film is coated on a glass substrate by using drop casting method. The morphological, optical and electrical properties o...

Sago bark (SB) waste is available abundantly as sago processing by-products in Sarawak. The release of SB waste into waterways could harm aquatic life and burning of SB will cause air pollution. In this work, SB waste is utilized via composting process to produce compost foragricultural use.The physicochemical characteristics and phytotoxicityof th...

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized via chemical method (improved method) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using thermal treatment. The GO and rGO thin films were coated on a glass substrate by using drop casting method. The GO and rGO thin film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectr...

The accurate determination of reducing ends of malto-oligosaccharides is essential for calculating the enzyme activities of starch debranching enzymes. The suitability of the 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, the Dygert method, and the Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method for accurate determination of reducing ends from malto-oligosaccharides of d...

Nowadays, the studies on organotin(IV) complexes with hydrazone ligand become more interesting due to their potential in various applications including medicinal area. In our recent studies, four new organotin(IV) complexes MeSnCl2(C12H12N4) (2), BuSnCl2(C12H12N4) (3), PhSnCl2(C12H12N4) (4) and Ph2SnCl(C12H12N4) (5) were synthesized by the direct r...

A series of azo derivatives (1a-e) were synthesized via coupling reaction with of overall yield 58 - 72% while aspirin-azo derivatives (2a-e) were prepared by esterification reaction of aspirin and azo derivatives (1a-e) with overall yield 38 - 75%. In this study, the structures of synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis (...

Biochar, a carbon-rich material, can be produced via microwave pyrolysis, as a more energy and cost saving method compared to conventional externally heated pyrolysis. Biochar has versatile applications, for example, for soil amendment purpose and pollutant removal from wastewater. Chemical treatment has been proven to improve the physical and chem...

Aspirin and azo derivatives have been widely studied and have drawn considerable attention due to diverse biological activities. In this study, a series of 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl aspirinate derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of aspirin with 4-[(halophenyl)diazenyl]phenol via esterification, in the presence of DCC/DMAP in DCM wit...

This article reports on the utilization of chemically modified cellulosic sago (MCS) from sago bark as a highly potential material for remediating oil spills in marine environment. MCS was prepared via incorporation of hydroxyl-rich cellulosic sago bark (CS) with fatty acid derivative. The sorption capacity, hydrophobicity, and lipophilicity of MCS...

In this study, hexasubstituted thiourea was carried out via reaction of isothiocyanato cyclophosphazene intermediates with a series of aromatics amines and amino acids in a one-pot reaction system. The reaction was not as straightforward as typical thiourea synthesis. Six unexpected thiourea derivatives 3a – f were formed in the presence of cyclotr...

Sensitization of heavy metal free organic dyes onto TiO 2 thin films has gained much attention in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A series of new kojic acid based organic dyes KA1–4 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution of azobenzene bearing different vinyl chains A1–4 with kojyl chloride 4 . Azo dyes KA1–4 were characterized for photo...

A total of 12 bis(acylthiourea) derivatives with different pharmacophores have been synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzene-1,4-dicarbonyl isothiocyanate intermediate with aromatic amine bearing halogens at the ortho, meta and para positions. The structures of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by CHN elemental analysis,...