Zahid Wadud

University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar · Department of Computer System Engineering

A Smart Community (SC) is an essential part of the Internet of Energy (IoE), which helps to integrate Electric Vehicles (EVs) and distributed renewable energy sources in a smart grid. As a result of the potential privacy and security challenges in the distributed energy system, it is becoming a great problem to optimally schedule EVs' charging with...

A smart energy management controller can improve energy efficiency, save energy costs, and reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption while accurately catering to consumer consumption habits. Having integrated various renewable energy systems (RESs) and a battery storage system (BSS), we proposed an optimization-based demand-side management (DS...

The advancement of the smart grids (SGs) is enabling consumers to schedule home appliances to respond to demand response programs (DRs) offered by distribution system operators (DSOs). This way, not only will customers save money on their energy bills and be more comfortable, but the utility company will also be able to regulate peak-hour demand an...

Existing power grids (PGs) and in-home energy management controllers do not offer their users the choices to maintain comfort and provide a bearable solution in terms of reduced carbon emission and low cost. Moreover, implementing a real-time price-based demand response program and integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) improve efficiency and...

With the emergence of cyber technology, the biggest evolution has been observed in the use of Internet for financial purposes , in particular for the Internet banking sector. However, with the increase in the number of Internet banking users, many security issues have been discovered. In the recent past, there have been many successful cyber-attack...

Existing power grids (PGs) and in-home energy management controllers do not offer its users the choice to maintain comfort and provide a bearable solution in terms of low cost and reduced carbon emission. This work is based on energy usage scheduling and management under electric utility and renewable energy sources i.e., solar energy (SE), control...

A significant increase has been observed in the use of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) over the last few decades. However, there exist several associated challenges with UWSNs, mainly due to the nodes' mobility, increased propagation delay, limited bandwidth, packet duplication, void holes, and Doppler/multi-path effects. To address the...

Due to rapid advancement in medical imaging, human anatomy is now observable in finer details bringing new dimensions to diagnosis and treatment. One such area which benefitted from advancement in medical imaging is aorta segmentation. Aorta segmentation is achieved by using anatomical features (shape and position of aorta) using specialized segmen...

In the recent past, a significant increase has been observed in the use of underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications. However, underwater wireless sensor networks face several challenges including large propagation delays, high mobility, limited bandwidth, three-dimensional deployments, expensive manufacturing, and energy constra...

The development of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grid (SG) had enabled consumers to participate in demand-side management (DSM) using the price-based demand response (DR) programs offered by the distribution companies (DISCO). This way, not only the consumers minimize their electricity bills and discomfort, but also the DISCOs can...

Due to rapid advancement in medical imaging, human anatomy is now observable in finer details bringing new dimensions to diagnosis and treatment. One such area which benefitted from advancement in medical imaging is aorta segmentation. Aorta segmentation is achieved by using anatomical features (shape and position of aorta) using specialized segmen...

There will be a dearth of electrical energy in the prospective world due to exponential increase in electrical energy demand of rapidly growing world population. With the development of internet-of-things (IoT), more smart devices will be integrated into residential buildings in smart cities that actively participate in electricity market via deman...

Machine learning in association with remote sensing has assisted agricultural specialists in monitoring, classification and yield estimation of crops. Tobacco is a major taxable crop of Pakistan, however the existing traditional methods for its monitoring and yield estimation are not only expensive and time consuming but also have limitations in te...

Energy consumption forecasting is of prime importance for the restructured environment of energy management in the electricity market. Accurate energy consumption forecasting is essential for efficient energy management in the smart grid (SG); however, the energy consumption pattern is non-linear with a high level of uncertainty and volatility. For...

In this study, a novel framework is proposed for efficient energy management of residential buildings to reduce the electricity bill, alleviate peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and acquire the desired trade-off between electricity bill and user-discomfort in smart grid. The proposed framework is an integrated framework of artificial neural network (ANN...

The increased need to gather scientific data and the renewed drive to explore underwater natural resources has led more and more researchers to study the underwater environment. This has resulted in enormous attention being given to Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) all over the world. However, UWSNs are faced with some major challenges i...

Electric energy consumption forecasting enables distribution system operators to perform efficient energy management by flexibly engaging energy consumers under the intelligent demand-response program in smart grids (SG). With this motivation, in this paper, a fast and accurate hybrid electrical energy forecasting (FA-HELF) framework is developed....

The anisotropic Zheng and Jiang models characterize traffic with a constant rearward velocity. They also consider a constant driver sensitivity which can result in unrealistic behavior. In this paper, a new anisotropic model based on a variable rearward velocity is proposed. The transition width, driver reaction, and sensitivity at transitions are...

In the last couple of decades, numerous energy management strategies have been devised to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emission, hence introducing the concept of microgrids. In a microgrid, distributed energy generators are used. Microgrid enables a point which ameliorates in exchanging power with the main grid during different times of d...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face numerous challenges due to small bandwidth, longer propagation delay, limited energy resources and high deployment cost. Development of efficient routing strategies is therefore incumbent and has remained the focus of researchers. Many routing protocols have been proposed to address these challenges...

The feature of bidirectional communication in a smart grid involves the interaction between consumer and utility for optimizing the energy consumption of the users. For optimal management of the energy at the end user, several demand side management techniques are implemented. This work proposes a home energy management system, where consumption of...

Due to the detrimental nature of aquatic environment , the design of routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) faces numerous challenges, such as an optimal route selection, energy efficiency, propagation delay, etc. However, the energy efficiency is considered a key parameter while designing a routing strategy for UWSNs. Th...

Vehicle detection and classification of routes based on traffic congestion has a vital role in improving traffic conditions and fuel conservation, an important research area in Intelligent Transport Systems. This paper utilizes Image processing techniques for solving the traffic congestion problem. A real-time traffic monitoring system is developed...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to faults because of their deployment in unpredictable and hazardous environments. This makes WSN prone to failures such as software, hardware, and communication failures. Due to the sensor's limited resources and diverse deployment fields, fault detection in WSNs has become a daunting task. To solve t...

Decision fusion is used to fuse classification results and improve the classification accuracy in order to reduce the consumption of energy and bandwidth demand for data transmission. The decentralized classification fusion problem was the reason to use the belief function-based decision fusion approach in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With the...

In this work, a new orchestration of Consumer to Fog to Cloud (C2F2C) based framework is proposed for efficiently managing the resources in residential buildings. C2F2C is a three layered framework consisting of cloud layer, fog layer and consumer layer. Cloud layer deals with on-demand delivery of the consumer’s demands. Resource management is int...

This paper focuses on analytics of an extremely large dataset of smart grid electricity price and load, which is difficult to process with conventional computational models. These data are known as energy big data. The analysis of big data divulges the deeper insights that help experts in the improvement of smart grid’s (SG) operations. Processing...

UWSNs are frequency selective and energy-hungry due to the underwater acoustic communication links. We propose adaptive transmission based geographic and opportunistic routing (ATGOR) for efficient and reliable communication. Opportunistic routing is utilized along with geographic routing to select a set of forwarders from the neighboring nodes ins...

In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), geographic routing paradigm seems promising choice for data transmission in severely limited acoustic communication channel conditions. The main challenge of geographic routing in sparse network conditions is communication void. In this context, we propose geospatial division based geo-opportunistic r...

The integration of the smart grid with the cloud computing environment promises to develop an improved energy-management system for utility and consumers. New applications and services are being developed which generate huge requests to be processed in the cloud. As smart grids can dynamically be operated according to consumer requests (data), so,...

This paper presents four routing protocols for Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs): Location Error resilient Transmission Range adjustment based protocol (LETR), Mobile Sink based GEographic and Opportunistic Routing (MSGER), Mobile Sink based LETR (MSLETR) and Modified MSLETR (MMS-LETR). LETR considers transmission range levels for finding neighbor...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have intrinsic challenges that include long propagation delays, high mobility of sensor nodes due to water currents, Doppler spread, delay variance, multipath, attenuation and geometric spreading. The existing Weighting Depth and Forwarding Area Division Depth Based Routing (WDFAD-DBR) protocol considers...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are network of physical small sensors which are interconnected through wireless links. WSNs are ubiquitous in diverse types of environment such as air interface and underwater acoustic communication. WSNs are responsible for collecting data, accomplishing appropriate operations on it and if required then relay it to...

Underwater sensor networks (USNs) are getting popular for the purpose of monitoring and exploration of undersea terrain. However, underwater communication channel characteristics limits data gathering capacity and duration of monitoring. Efficient routing protocols can improve performance of USNs having dynamic topology and localization errors. This...

Energy is a unique characteristic of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) which is limited in features and a basic point on which the whole network depends. On the basis of efficient energy utilization, we propose a routing protocol Enhanced and Efficient Balance energy consumption in Data Gathering (EEBDG) for UASNs. This routing scheme EEBDG,...

UWSNs are frequency selective and energy-hungry due to the underwater acoustic communication links. We propose adaptive transmission based geographic and opportunistic routing (ATGOR) for efficient and reliable communication. Opportunistic routing is utilized along with geographic routing to select a set of forwarders from the neighboring nodes inste...

In this paper, we propose a Q-Learning based efficient and balanced energy consumption data gathering routing protocol (QLEEBDG) for underwater sensor networks (USNs). We set an optimal next hop forwarder for each node to transmit its the sensed data. This helps to reduce distance between sender and receiver. The energy consumption is minimum. Furthe...

The distinctive features of acoustic communication channel-like high propagation delay, multi-path fading, quick attenuation of acoustic signal, etc. limit the utilization of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The immutable selection of forwarder node leads to dramatic death of node resulting in imbalanced energy depletion and void hole c...

Demand side management (DSM) in smart grid authorizes consumers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption pattern and helps the utility in reducing the peak load demand during an energy stress time. This results in reduced carbon emission , consumer electricity cost, and increased grid sustainability. Most of the existing DSM te...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are network of physical small sensors which are interconnected through wireless links. WSNs are ubiquitous in diverse types of environment such as air interface and underwater acoustic communication. WSNs are responsible for collecting data, accomplishing appropriate operations on it and if required then relay it to...

Industrial Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (IUASNs) come with intrinsic challenges like long propagation delay, small bandwidth, large energy consumption, three-dimensional deployment, and high deployment and battery replacement cost. Any routing strategy proposed for IUASN must take into account these constraints. The vector based forwarding s...

In Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), geographic routing paradigm seems promising choice for data transmission in severely limited acoustic communication channel conditions. The main challenge of geographic routing in sparse network conditions is communication void. In this context, we propose geospatial division based geo-opportunistic r...

Energy is a unique characteristic of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) which is limited in features and a basic point on which the whole network depends. On the basis of efficient energy utilization, we propose a routing protocol Enhanced and Efficient Balance energy consumption in Data Gathering (EEBDG) for UASNs. This routing scheme EEB...

In this paper, we propose a Q-Learning based efficient and balanced energy consumption data gathering routing protocol (QL-EEBDG) for underwater sensor networks (USNs). We set an optimal next hop forwarder for each node to transmit its the sensed data. This helps to reduce distance between sender and receiver. The energy consumption is minimum. Fur...

Underwater sensor networks (USNs) are getting popular for the purpose of monitoring and exploration of undersea terrain. However, underwater communication channel characteristics limits data gathering capacity and duration of monitoring. Efficient routing protocols can improve performance of USNs having dynamic topology and localization errors. Thi...

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) facilitate a wide range of aquatic applications in various domains. However, the harsh underwater environment poses challenges like low bandwidth, long propagation delay, high bit error rate, high deployment cost, irregular topological structure, etc. Node mobility and the uneven distribution of sensor no...

In Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there are two major factors which degrade the performance of the network. One is the void hole which occurs in a particular region due to unavailability of forwarder nodes. The other is the presence of energy hole which occurs due to imbalanced data traffic load on intermediate no...

In Internet of Things enabling Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there are two major factors which degrade the performance of the network. The one is the void hole which occurs in a particular region due to unavailability of forwarder nodes. The other one is the presence of energy hole which occurs due to imbalanced data traffic load on intermediate...

For energy-efficient resource management, void node avoidance is one of the key objectives in the energy constrained underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, we propose two new routing protocols for the UWSN which is one of the end parts of a cloud. The first protocol is avoiding void node with adaptive hop-by-hop vector based fo...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there are two major factors which minimize the performance of the network. The one is the void hole which occurs in a particular region due to unavailability of forwarder nodes. The other one is the presence of energy hole near the sink due to death of the nodes. An optimum transmission strategy is the need in th...