Z. Lukszo

Delft University of Technology | TU · Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management

Charging infrastructure in neighborhoods is essential for inhabitants who use electric vehicles. The development of public charging infrastructure can be complex because of its dependency on local grid conditions, the responsibility to prepare for anticipated fleet growth policies, and the implicit biases that may occur with the allocation of charg...

This study aims to investigate the consumer acceptance of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging of electric vehicle (EV) drivers. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first V2G acceptance study that is based on actual users’ experience of V2G charging. A test set up with a V2G charge point at a solar carport was constructed at the Delft Univ...

Natural gas for heating is widespread in the built environment of The Netherlands, where the government aims at limiting heat demand and reducing natural gas consumption over the coming decades. In the owner-occupied residential sector, this transition is complex and requires cooperation and coordination of individuals and groups that make investme...

Global climate agreements call for action and an integrated perspective on mobility, energy and overall consumption. Municipalities in dense, urban areas are challenged with facilitating this transition with limited space and energy resources, and with future uncertainties. One important aspect of the transition is the adoption of electric vehicles...

The Netherlands aims at reducing natural gas consumption for heating in the housing sector. Although homeowners are responsible for replacing their heating systems and improving dwelling insulation, they are not always able to make individual decisions. Some projects require group decisions within and between buildings. We use an agent-based modell...

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology could turn electric vehicles (EVs) into a potentially valuable solution to the problem of increased load demand caused by large-scale EV integration. Successful market penetration of V2G relies not only on developing the technology itself, but also on EV drivers' willingness to participate in this technology. This p...

The urgency to significantly reduce the impacts of climate change is felt around the globe. By signing the Paris agreement in 2016, 195 governments have agreed on a long-term goal of keeping the increase in global average temperature below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and on aiming to limit the increase to 1.5 °C. To reach these goals, major tec...

Flexibility coming from consumers in residential and service sectors has received significant attention to deal with uncertainty and variability of renewable energy sources. Since these consumers are too small individually to participate in the electricity markets, their assets can be pooled by an aggregator. The aggregator can implement business m...

This work analyses the effectiveness of an off-grid solar photovoltaic system for the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) in a long-term parking lot. The effectiveness of charging is investigated through analysis of the states of charge (SoC) at departure of EVs plugged in at the parking lot over the simulated year. Although the share of vehicles l...

This open access book makes a case for a socially inclusive energy transition and illustrates how engineering and public policy professionals can contribute to shaping an inclusive energy transition, building on a socio-technical systems engineering approach. Accomplishing a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy in 2050 is a daunting challenge....

World biofuel production and trade have grown exponentially in the last decade. Nevertheless, the interaction between the markets for oilseeds (food/feed/bioenergy) and liquid vegetable oil-based biofuels is overwhelmingly complex and thus not well understood. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to provide insights in...

Recently, given the increased integration of renewables and growing uncertainty in demand, the wholesale market price has become highly volatile. Energy communities connected to the main electricity grid may be exposed to this increasing price volatility. Additionally, they may also be exposed to local network congestions, resulting in price spikes...

The current focus on the massive CO2 reduction highlights the need for the rapid development of technology for the production, storage, transportation and distribution of renewable energy. In addition to electricity, we need other forms of energy carriers that are more suitable for energy storage and transportation. Hydrogen is one of the main cand...

Scheduled charging offers the potential for electric vehicles (EVs) to use renewable energy more efficiently, lowering costs and improving the stability of the electricity grid. Many studies related to EV charge scheduling found in the literature assume perfect or highly accurate knowledge of energy demand for EVs expected to arrive after the sched...

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050, an energy transition is taking place in the European Union. Achieving these targets requires changes in the heating and cooling sector (H&C). Designing and implementing this energy transition is not trivial, as technology, actors, and institutions interact in complex ways. We prov...

The aviation industry accounts for more than 2% of global CO2 emissions. Biojet fuel is expected to make an essential contribution to the decarbonisation of the aviation sector. Brazil is seen as a key player in developing sustainable aviation biofuels owing to its long‐standing experience with biofuels. Nevertheless, a clear understanding of what...

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets toward a carbon-free energy transition. Many studies show that a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions-at least 90% by 2050-is required. In the transition toward a sustainable energy system, solar (or green) hydrogen plays many important roles, as it is a clean and safe ener...

The Brazilian government aims to increase the share of biofuels in the energy mix to around 18% by 2030, which implies an increase of ethanol production from currently 27 bln liters to over 50 bln liters per year. Biofuel policies play an important role in ethanol production, consumption, and investment in processing capacity. Nevertheless, a clear...

To cope with increasing vulnerability, global business especially chemical manufacturing companies need to actively manage (the risk of) disruptive events in their supply chains. This calls for systematic frameworks to guide their efforts. Further, due to the complexity of today's global supply chains, decision making tools are needed to provide su...

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have the potential to be used as flexible power plants in future energy systems. To integrate FCEVs through vehicle-to-grid (V2G), agreements are needed between the FCEV owners and the actor that coordinates V2G on behalf of them, usually considered the aggregator. In this paper, we argue that, depending on the p...

The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors' perspective to design in socio-technical systems. We present its a...

Biofuel production is not cost competitive and thus requires governmental intervention. The effect of the institutional framework on the development of the biofuel sector is not yet well understood. This paper aims to analyze how biofuel production and production capacity could have evolved in Germany in the period 1992–2014. The effects of an agri...

An increasing share of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar generation, is traded on the electricity markets. The volatility and forecast uncertainty of RES production cause market imbalances and hinder the transition towards emission-free electricity generation. Flexible load scheduling in the form of charging electric vehicles (...

This paper investigates the impact of the inter-regional transmission grid capacity expansion on China?s power sector decarbonization from the energy portfolio, economic efficiency and environmental perspectives. The impact is quantified based on a cluster integer unit commitment model which renders it suitable for modeling large-scale power system...

The economic performance of biofuels supply chains depends on the interaction of technical characteristics as technological pathways and logistics, and social structures as actor behavior, their interactions and institutions. Traditional approaches focus on the technical problems only. Little attention has been paid to the institutional analysis of...

Fuel cell electric vehicles convert chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity to power their motor. Since cars are used for transport only during a small part of the time, energy stored in the on-board hydrogen tanks of fuel cell vehicles can be used to provide power when cars are parked. In this paper, we present a community microgrid with phot...

Grid operators increasingly have to collaborate with other actors in order to realize smart grid innovations. For routine maintenance, grid operators typically acquire technologies in one-off transactions, but the innovative nature of smart grid projects may require more collaborate relationships. This paper studies how a transactional versus relat...

This paper presents a community microgrid with renewable generation, storage, and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) that are used when renewable sources are scarce. To fairly distribute the demand for FCEV power among cars, a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) power scheduling mechanism is implemented using as a criterion the number of times every car has been...

This work investigates different scenarios for electric vehicle (EV) deployment in China and explores the implications thereof with regard to energy portfolio, economics and the environment. Specifically, we investigate how to better deliver the value of EVs by improving designs in the power system and charging strategies, given expected developmen...

The focus of this paper is on modeling and control of Smart Thermal Grids (STGs) in which the uncertainties in the demand and/or supply are included. We solve the corresponding robust model predictive control (MPC) optimization problem using mixed-integer-linear programming techniques to provide a day-ahead prediction for the heat production in the...

The variable energy sources drive the need for flexibility to restore a system’s energy balance. The flexibility sources, i.e. demand side response, dispatchable power plants, storage and interconnection, can respond to restore that balance. Electric vehicles, including plug-in EVs and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), have a huge potential to p...

Due to changing market conditions on the energy market, profit margins are under pressure. This is also the case with thermal grids. In this paper an industrialized thermal grid, with heat delivery to greenhouse growers, is investigated. To improve the profitability of this thermal grid the possibility of transforming it into a smart thermal grid b...

This study investigates the energy implications of various pathways of China's power decarbonization in terms of RES power penetration and coal consumption. It complements our previous work in [1] which stressed the economic effectiveness and CO 2 emission reductions. Based on the results of these two works, here we analyze the trade-offs of the en...

China has shown growing interest in market-based CO2 pricing and is expected to establish a nationwide emission trading system by 2016. This study investigates the implications of CO2 price for China’s power sector decarbonization up to 2050, incorporating different scenarios of fuel prices and the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) te...

This study investigates the cost-effective pathways of China's power decarbonization with various low-carbon power technologies, incorporating the uncertainties of CO2 price. An adapted low-carbon generation expansion planning model (GEP) was applied to determine the least-cost decision. Based on the scenario analysis, we conclude with the followin...

The production of biodiesel from rapeseed in Germany has been conceptualized using the complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory and formalized using the agent-based modelling approach (ABM). The ABM incorporates farmer's decisions on market choice, and biodiesel producer's decisions on biofuel production and capacity expansion. The ABM was calibrated...

We investigated the very real problem of congestion at gas interconnectors. Instead of suggesting further incremental change to the European regulation in force to remedy congestion problems, we took a step back and consider gas interconnectors as a Common-Pool Resource (CPR). We suggest to wait and see what institutions the shippers let emerge to...

Possible congestion management mechanisms for price-responsive electric vehicle demand in electricity distribution networks are investigated. Because a high penetration of renewable energy sources weakens the correlation between wholesale electricity prices and network demand, cost-minimizing electric vehicles may cause high peaks in network load....

In addition to reduce oil consumption and pollution emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) show great potential for the power system as flexible load. For this reason, it provokes our interest to investigate the extent to which EVs could contribute to the power system management from the power system operator's perspective. To achieve this goal, a unit...

There are several initiatives worldwide to deploy SMs (SM). SM systems offer services aimed at achieving many goals beyond metering electricity consumption of households. Despite the advantages gained by SMs, there are serious issues that may lead to the system's inability to reach its goals. One obstacle, which can lead to social rejection of SMs,...

Electricity demand and supply is expected to change significantly in the coming decades: electric vehicles, heat pumps, solar panels and μ-CHP-units all will have an impact on what the electricity usage of households will look like in the coming decades. As a consequence, it will be difficult for electricity distribution system operators to make ac...

Recently, cyber security has become an important topic on the agenda of many organisations. It is already widely acknowledged that attacks do happen, and decision makers face the problem of how to respond. As it is almost impossible to secure a complex system completely, it is important to have an adequate estimate of the effectiveness of security...

This chapter investigates the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) to support a high penetration of renewable energy generation on the Portuguese island of Flores. By acting as responsive loads capable of adjusting demand to availability of renewable energy sources, EVs can potentially reduce shortages or surplus of wind generation and minimize the...

This paper presents a model of a cold storage warehouse combined with PV generation in a smart grid setting. We formulate an optimization problem that maximizes profits of sold PV energy minus the cost of electricity withdrawn from the grid under constraints dictated by the temperature dynamics. We focus on the influence of different electricity ta...

This paper aims at estimating the potential of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to assist the integration of wind power generation into the power system. Firstly, the potential of EVs to provide regulating and operating reserve power is investigated. Secondly, EVs' potential as energy storage system is considered. A real time electricity price signal which...

Decision makers in large scale interconnected network systems require simulation models for decision support. The behaviour of these systems is determined by many actors, situated in a dynamic, multi-actor, multi-objective and multi-level environment. How can such systems be modelled and how can the socio-technical complexity be captured? Agent-bas...

Based on the modelling steps discussed in Part I, this chapter aims to present ways in which agent-based simulation models of supply chains can be developed and used to improve the performance of these systems in both normal and abnormal situations. An industrial supply chain with a network of several independent companies is a good example of a so...

In the first chapter of Part II of this book an introduction to the case studies presented in the following chapters is given. The theory and practice presented in Chaps. 2 and 3 are applied to the development of models of various socio-technical systems. Three different time scales for the case studies can be identified: short term (operational),...

In today's global and competitive markets, managing supply chain disruptions is a key factor in the success of any business. Disruption management, however, can be a challenging issue as disruptions can occur for a wide variety of reasons and the approaches to handle these risks are also ample. Moreover, evaluating the disruption impact and possibl...

The functioning of the old and new balancing regimes of the natural gas market in the Netherlands is explored using an agent-based model. The two balancing regimes are simulated to determine the participants' cash flows under different behavioral strategies for both regimes. The total system imbalance and the costs associated to the balancing strat...

This paper investigates the distribution system impacts of electric vehicle (EV) charging. The analysis is based on a large number of operational distribution networks in The Netherlands. Future load profiles have been constructed by adding different EV charging profiles to household loads and solving the power flows to assess the network impacts o...

This paper describes an integrated framework for handling disruptions in supply chains. The integrated framework incorporates two main views on managing disruptions, namely pre- and post-disruption views, which are usually treated as separate issues in existing frameworks described in literature. The proposed integrated framework is used to structu...

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be an important building block of future power systems due to the flexibility of the charging process. In liberalized power systems, the objectives of using this flexibility vary for different actors in the system. In this paper we formulate the optimization problem of EV charging from the perspective of three different...

Electric vehicles are expected to become widely adopted in the coming decades. Electric mobility will however increase electricity load and will thereby impact the electricity grid. This impact is associated with high costs and potential nuisance. Many uncertainties make it difficult to anticipate to the impact on the grid. In this paper a method,...

This work presents a management procedure for hydroelectric facilities with daily storage. The water storage gives an additional degree of freedom allowing to shift in time power production when it is more convenient and to work at the maximum efficiency of hydraulic turbine. The management is optimized by coupling two different approaches: Mixed I...

In most situations, managing disruptions in a chemical supply chain demands for more than one actor to be involved and more than one activity to be managed. Consequently, proper coordination is a key requirement for successful disruption management in a supply chain. This, particularly, calls for a clear understanding of what coordination means and...

This article investigates how intelligence can contribute to the flexibility of infrastructures. Intelligent solutions, here, are ways to optimise the capacity, efficiency, safety, sustainability, etc. of an infrastructure system, typically by means of ICT-based information processing. For this, three cases are presented of implementations of intel...

Order acceptance decisions have a significant influence on the short- and long-term performance of a firm. Firms, therefore, should make complex order acceptance decisions with regard to their organizational goals in an effective way. Models are called for to provide insight for decision-makers in developing proper strategies for order acceptance....

This paper investigates the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) to support a high penetration of renewable energy generation on the Portuguese island of Flores. By acting as responsive loads capable of delivering energy back to the grid, EVs can potentially reduce shortages or surplus of wind generation and minimize the use of backup diesel genera...

The impacts of EV charging on electricity grids is becoming an increasingly important subject of study, but detailed knowledge about the future charging profiles of EVs appears to be missing. In this study we construct EV charge profiles based upon a large dataset of driving patterns. We consider both controlled and uncontrolled charging scenarios,...

Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are a strong incentive for the large scale introduction of electric vehicles. Studies that quantify these environmental benefits have to incorporate emissions caused by generating the electricity used to power the vehicles. We show that an approach that uses the average CO₂ intensity of power genera...

In this paper, the application of agent-based models for abnormal situation management in supply chains is presented. Two views of what an abnormal situation entails are considered i.e. performance-based and plan-based. The possible implementations of both perspectives are illustrated by agent- based models of an oil refinery supply chain and a lub...

A number of initiatives are taking place in the European Union and US to roll out the smart metering system, as part of the smart grids in the energy sector. The motivation behind the system, among others, is to meet requirements from the Kyoto protocol and EU Energy Efficiency Directives. Among the obstacles impeding the system roll out is consume...

This papers investigates the impact of electric vehicle charging on residential low-voltage networks. The analysis is based on real life data of both driving patterns and a large number of electricity networks. The focus is on comparing uncontrolled an controlled charging scenarios. The results indicate that a significant number of LV-transformers...

The functioning of the new balancing regime of the natural gas market in the Netherlands is explored using an agent-based model. The operation of the new regime is simu- lated to determine the total imbalance of the gas system, the participants cash flows and the price emerging in the balancing market. Calculating the progression of these variables...

Order acceptance under uncertainty is a challenging problem in supply chain management, especially in make-to-order plants, such as in a specialty chemical manufacturing enterprise. In this work, we consider the effect of rush orders and design a negotiation-based policy for order acceptance. Rush orders pose a complex challenge primarily because t...

A multi-plant enterprise is a complex network of different geographically distributed production plants producing, handling, and distributing specific products. Comparing with a single plant, a multi-plant enterprise is much more complex considering the high level of inter-and intra-organizational interactions and consequently it is subject to many...

In recent years critical infrastructures have witnessed rapid developments in the way their services are being implemented and delivered to consumers; this was instigated by the adaptation of the latest technologies in IT. An example of such an infrastructure is smart metering in the energy sector. Despite the evident advantages of such transformat...