Z. M. Bi

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• PhD
• Professor at Purdue University Fort Wayne

This paper presented a practical approach to model and solve a strongly coupled elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problem. Our previous study had found that existing CAE tools are not capable of modelling a strongly coupled EHL problem in one parametrized simulation model. Predicting the friction of a seal subjected to a reciprocating sliding mo...

The concept of a cognitive map (CM), or spatial map, was originally proposed to explain how mammals learn and navigate their environments. Over time, extensive research in neuroscience and psychology has established the CM as a widely accepted model. In this work, we introduce a new goal-directed cognitive map (GDCM) model that takes a non-traditio...

To improve the formation and quality of welds in joining two thick plates with AZ31B magnesium alloy, we proposed the double-sided oscillating welding technique to weld AZ31B plates with a thickness of 5 mm, and we validated the performance of the proposed technique experimentally by investigating the weld formations, microstructures, and mechanica...

Accurate polyp image segmentation is of great significance, because it can help in the detection of polyps. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a common automatic segmentation method, but its main disadvantage is the long training time. Transformer is another method that can be adapted to the automatic segmentation method by employing a self-atte...

Aircraft assembly scheduling (AAS) with multiconstraints, multitype workers, and the orders of tasks has become a key research focus in advanced industrial manufacturing. An elite gene retention metaheuristic algorithm (EGHA) is proposed in this article as a transfer knowledge generator, and the elite gene transfer learning heuristic algorithm (TL-...

Multimode process monitoring is critical in practical industrial processes, as it directly affects the quality and safety of product. The disadvantages of existing multimode process monitoring methods are as follows. 1) The operation mode isolation is not accurate since the interference from the common information in the original data space. 2) The...

To control an intelligent system in an unstructured environment, it is desirable to synergize human's and machine's intelligence to deal with changes and uncertainty cost-effectively. A shared control takes the advantages of human's and computers' strengths in decision-making supports, and this helps to improve adaptability, agility, reliability, r...

The concepts of digital twins (DTs) have been widely studied to predict system performance, shorten design cycles, and implement preventive maintenance, but mainly, in large-scale enterprises. It is extremely beneficial to the whole manufacturing sector, since DTs can be readily implemented in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with basic co...

The widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles has generated considerable interest in their autonomous operation, with path planning emerging as a critical aspect. However, existing road infrastructure confronts challenges due to prolonged use and insufficient maintenance. Previous research on autonomous vehicle navigation has focused on determinin...

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is an essential tool in a digital twin not only to verify and validate a virtual twin before it is transformed into a physical twin, but also to monitor the use of the physical twin for enhanced sustainability. This paper aims to develop a CAE model for a digital twin to predict the fatigue life of materials. Fatigu...

In this paper, the concept of Sustainable Manufacturing (SM) is discussed, and the focus is put on the elimination of wastes in a product’s life cycle. Recent development on enabling technologies to advance SM are surveyed to identify promising research areas. We have found virtual Verification and Validation (V&V) should be promoted to enhance t...

With the rapid development of information technologies, networking, and artificial intelligence, mechatronics has continuously evolved for several generations from traditional mechatronics to digital twins (DT-I), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), Internet of Things (IoT), human CPSs , and to metaverse nowadays. This article examines such a...

Monitoring an industrial process with satisfactory accuracy is crucial to ensure product quality, improve production efficiency, and assure human’s operations safely. However, most process monitoring methods based on local and global structures exhibits two limitations: (1) a Euclidean distance does not represent the actual distance of two samples...

Multiple autonomous vehicles (MAVs) enhance efficiency and task execution compared to a single vehicle. Real-world applications necessitate MAVs to safely navigate in dynamic formation along planned trajectories, while sensing, mapping, and avoiding obstacles. Addressing the need for trajectory adaptation amidst real-world scenarios, a safety-aware...

A grinding wheel with orderly-micro-grooves is a new type of structured grinding wheel for grinding narrow-deep slots. It can improve the carrying capacity of the coolant in the grinding zone effectively. The wear and evolution of grains directly determine the sharpness of the grinding wheel, and this affects the grinding performance in terms of ef...

The ability to predict a grinding force is important to control, monitor, and optimize the grinding process. Few theoretical models were developed to predict grinding forces when a structured wheel was used in a grinding process. This paper aimed to establish a single-grit cutting force model to predict the ploughing, friction and cutting forces in...

Modular self-configurable robot (MSR) systems have been investigated for decades, and their applications have been widely explored to meet emerging automation needs in various applications, such as space exploration, manufacturing, defense, medical industry, entertainment, and services. This paper aims to gain a deep understanding of up-to-date res...

Micro-/nanorobots (mn-robots), inspired by the versatile mechanisms found in natural microorganisms, show great potential in enabling innovative bio-appli�cations. The 3D-printed magnetic mn-robots are substantially advanced to swim in vivo and to carry and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. To understand the state of the art of suc...

Recently, bio-inspired algorithms have been increasingly explored for autonomous robot path planning on grid-based maps. However, these approaches endure performance degradation as problem complexity increases, often resulting in lengthy search times to find an optimal solution. This limitation is particularly critical for real-world applications l...

To deal with changes and uncertainties in controlling a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) reliably, a new platform is proposed to synergize human and machine intelligence, and it is based on a new Brain Computer Interface (BCI) to (1) quantify human's affections in arbitrating human and machine intelligence and alleviating adverse effects by human's mi...

Laser processing has its advantages of high energy density, good controllability, and high flexibility; it has shown its importance in advancing modern manufacturing. Laser processing is used in this paper to fabricate an end grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles, and the performance of the fabricated grinding wheel is compared wi...

With the growing applications of autonomous robots and vehicles in unknown environments, studies on image-based localization and navigation have attracted a great deal of attention. This study is significantly motivated by the observation that relatively little research has been published on the integration of cutting-edge path planning algorithms...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of enterprise architecture (EA) on system capabilities in dealing with changes and uncertainties in globalised business environments. Enterprise information systems are viewed as information systems to acquire, process, and utilise data in decision-making supports at all levels and domains of businesses, an...

Laser processing has its advantages of high energy density, good controllability and high flexibility; it has shown its importance in advancing modern manufacturing. Laser processing is used in this paper to fabricate an end grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles, and the performance of the fabricated grinding wheel is compared wit...

A complex industrial process is dynamic and unpredictable, and it is impractical to prevent all abnormal conditions. In practice, the occurrence, development, and elimination of abnormal conditions take different states in different views. Traditional single-view-based methods fail to monitor all types of abnormal conditions, which can easily be di...

To fuse and mine multi-source and multi-modal data in monitoring a complex industrial processes effectively, a new dimensionality reduction method called Multiple Collaborative Preserving Projection (MCPP) has been proposed. MCPP is innovative in sense that it is capable of extracting and preserving the correspondences of heterogeneous data in temp...

The effectiveness of process monitoring techniques is crucial to ensure industrial safety. Data-driven process monitoring methods can be advanced by considering both global and local data structures comprehensively, ensuring the capture of the entire spatial data structure. We propose a novel approach called multi-neighbor ensemble preserving embed...

The goal of this review is to present a detailed and comprehensive description of the published work from the past decade regarding methods of improved material, geometric design, and additional functions in root canal files. The main improved methods of files and the most common technologies were further addressed, underlining their advantages and...

Cortical bone is semi-brittle and anisotropic, that brings a challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting process in surgeries. In this paper, a novel analytical model is proposed to represent cortical bone cutting processes. The model is utilized to predict the chip formations, material removal behavior and crack...

A new laser welding process with power modulation was proposed to promote the weld formation and improve the quality of welds over magnesium alloys. The impact of the parameters of power modulation on laser welding was investigated experimentally at the aspects of weld formation, keyhole entrance, molten pool flow, and microstructure and mechanical...

The papers in this special section focus on industrial information integration in space applications. With continuous growth in the complexity, scale, and dynamics of space systems, information integration (II) becomes an essential strategy for managing system complexity and tackling dynamic changes and uncertainties in space missions. Space II (SI...

Fall detection is of increasing significance in terms of the health monitoring of the elderly and disabled people, as falls may lead to physical injuries or even mental trauma. The existing fall detection methods have achieved impressive performance, but limitations present in operability, interface with public healthcare systems, and other technic...

This paper aims to present a comprehensive survey on information integration (II) in space informatics. With an ever-increasing scale and dynamics of complex space systems, II has become essential in dealing with the complexity, changes, dynamics, and uncertainties of space systems. The applications of space II (SII) require addressing some distinc...

The paper investigated the influence of an active agent on the distribution and bonding properties of laser brazed abrasive particles experimentally in fabricating a diamond tool. In the design of experiments, fiber laser brazing was applied to make a single-layer diamond tool, 45 steel was used as a substrate, Cr2O3 was used as an active agent, an...

Rapidly developed digital technologies have continuously stimulated shifts of manufacturing system paradigms; most recently, the study of SM has attracted numerous researchers in academia and practitioners in industry [...]

Speaker verification systems use human voices as an important biometric to identify legitimate users, thus adding a security layer to voice-controlled Internet-of-things smart homes against illegal access. Recent studies have demonstrated that speaker verification systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks such as FakeBob. The goal of this work...

The ability of predicting a grinding force is important to control, monitor, and optimize grinding process. Few theoretical models were developed to predict grinding forces when a structured wheel was used in a grinding process. This paper aimed to establish a single grit grinding force model to predict the ploughing, friction and cutting forces in...

The coolant is difficult to enter the grinding zone for effective lubrication by using traditional grinding wheel. Therefore, how to improve the performance of grinding wheel by changing the structure of working face is always a concern. In order to facilitate lubrication and improve cooling performance during grinding, an electroplated grinding wh...

The hearth temperature is the main factor to affect the performance of a blast furnace (BF) such as heat transfer, mass transfer and reduction, desulfurization, and pig iron composition. Therefore, the hearth temperature must be monitored and controlled to assure the quality and throughput of iron products. However, the hearth temperature can only...

Nowadays, prostate cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common type of cancer, segmentation of prostate ultrasound images is a critical step in the detection and planning treatment of prostate cancer. However, both ultrasound imaging characteristics and the physiology of the prostate make it difficult to determine the prostate boundaries in...

With the introduction of autonomy into the precision agriculture process, environmental exploration, disaster response, and other fields, one of the global demands is to navigate autonomous vehicles to completely cover entire unknown environments. In the previous complete coverage path planning (CCPP) research, however, autonomous vehicles need to...

Assembly robots have been widely used in the manufacturing industry. However, performing precise assembly tasks still poses a great challenge for robots due to numerous sources of the uncertainties such as fixtures, end effectors, or actuators, and the most critical technical bottleneck is to find the best search strategy to improve positioning acc...

Advanced laser technology has been used in laser brazing to bond diamond grains in metal matrix to achieve some distinctive advantages such as high protrusion heights and large gaps of diamond grains. However, laser brazing has not been widely adopted as expected to produce various diamond tools since that bonding mechanisms, microstructures and ch...

The Smart Manufacturing paradigm requires support by smart supply chains with capabilities of self-organizing and self-optimizing capabilities to accommodate uncertainties. Conventional supply chains face challenges in optimizing logistic processes and reducing overall costs of products and services. The emerging Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical...

Blockchain technology (BCT) has brought a paradigm shift to Business Process Management (BPM). BCT provides a trusted decentralized infrastructure to secure data and process executions using distributed ledgers and smart contract to manage complex business processes. Numerous efforts have been made to exploit BCT in supporting dynamic and trusted c...

The hearth temperature is the main factor to affect the performance of a blast furnace (BF) such as heat transfer, mass transfer and reduction, desulfurization, and pig iron composition. Therefore, the hearth temperature must be monitored and controlled to assure the quality and throughput of iron products. However, the hearth temperature can only...

Blockchain (BC), as an emerging technology, is revolutionizing Business Process Management (BPM) in multiple ways. The main adoption is to serve as a trusted infrastructure to guarantee the trust of collaborations among multiple partners in trustless environments. Especially, BC enables trust of information by using Distributed Ledger Technology (D...

In this paper, the genetic transfer learning (GTL) method is proposed for knowledge transfer of sustainable assembly manufacturing systems. Existing methods for the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP), such as genetic algorithms (GAs) suffer from three significant limitations: tedious ‘trial and error’ processes, no utilization of existing syste...

Due to energy efficiency and near real-time finality settlement, permissioned Blockchain is mainly used in Blockchain-based IoT (BIoT) services. This Blockchain requires validators to reach the consensuses. Currently, the validators are chosen based on generic attributes of trusted nodes capriciously. However, service users have no mechanism to pro...

Industry 4.0 provides an ideal platform to support a direct interaction of humans and machines in adapting changes and uncertainties in system operations. However, a physical human-machine interaction must assure security and safety. The safety requirements of collaborative manufacturing are explored and the techniques to assure safety in different...

A system paradigm is a typical pattern or model of enterprise architectures (EAs) that describes constitutive system elements and their relations in achieving missions and goals of enterprises. A well-defined system paradigm and EA help enterprises in adopting appropriate manufacturing resources and technologies, optimizing plans, schedules, and co...

In discrete manufacturing, material-handling systems (MHSs) are highly customized to meet the handling requirements of products, processes, and plant layouts. However, MHSs are often built by third-party suppliers using standardized components such as chains and sprockets. With the globalization of manufacturing businesses, more and more products w...

Workflow is used to support and connect business processes (BP) in organizations. Historically, it is used to define the control of how tasks are coordinated and executed. Its importance has been continuously increasing with the incorporation of rapidly developed Service-oriented Architecture (SoA), Blockchain, and Internet-of-Thing (IoT); new info...

An attempt to increase the strengths of bonding between diamond and filler metal in producing high-precision machining tools was made in this paper by proposing new ultrasonic-assisted laser brazing (UALB) technique in which the UALB process was performed using a fiber laser and Ni–Cr filler alloy, followed by the paraxial feeding of diamond powder...

Rapidly developed information technologies (IT) have continuously empowered manufacturing systems and accelerated the evolution of manufacturing system paradigms, and smart manufacturing (SM) has become one of the most promising paradigms. The study of SM has attracted a great deal of attention for researchers in academia and practitioners in indus...

In a traditional system paradigm, an enterprise reference model provides the guide for practitioners to select manufacturing elements, configure elements into a manufacturing system, and model system options for evaluation and comparison of system solutions against given performance metrics. However, a smart manufacturing system aims to reconfigure...

Industry 4.0 aims to automate traditional manufacturing and industrial practices with the aids of recently developed information technologies such as cyber-physical systems, Internet of things, big data analytics, and cloud computing. Implementation of industry 4.0 in manufacturing leads to the digitization of all manufacturing businesses including...

Electroplated grinding wheel has significant advantages, such as longer service life, higher removal rate, reduction of preparation work, reapplication of the wheel bub. Then it is an efficient, green and eco-friendly abrasive tool. In order to reveal the mechanism that the service life of the electroplated grinding wheel is increased by pre-quench...

Industry 4.0 makes it possible to develop smart emergency rescue systems in natural disasters. One of the most critical challenges is forecasting the demands of resources for appropriate resource allocations based on data from multiple sources with different levels of reliability. This paper deals with the challenge of data fusion and processing in...

System framework is for adopting additive manufacturing (AM) in a mass production line where AM processes are integrated to customize protective parts for manual tools that are found to cause damages of products. The system ensures AM processes are adopted to meet the requirements of functionalities, reliability, line balancing, and the production...

In computer-aided design (CAD), engineers use computers to design, analyze, model, simulate, and evaluate a product, process, or system. In this chapter, the application of CAD in the creations of virtual models of products or systems is focused on. CAD was originally developed to represent geometric information of objects by using computer-drawing...

This chapter discusses the applications of digital technologies in manufacturing systems: (1) the main functional requirements are discussed to construct enterprise system architecture; (2) a new system architecture is proposed for the applications of digital manufacturing; (3) two examples of digital technologies, i.e., reverse engineering (RE) an...

A manufacturing system is an organization to make products; a manufacturing system consists of various functional units for designing, manufacturing, assembling, transporting, and marketing and sales. This chapter discusses the design and operation of manufacturing systems; it covers some enabling technologies including cellular manufacturing, disc...

In a manufacturing system, manufacturing processes are the operations through which raw materials are transformed into final products. Manufacturing processes use machines, tools, and labors to implement the transformation of materials. Design of manufacturing processes is generally complex since it involves in machines, tools, materials, and numer...

The importance of manufacturing to the human civilization is discussed; main drivers to advance manufacturing technologies are discussed and classified. The technological evolution over the human history is examined to gain a good understanding of the needs, limitations, opportunities, and challenges of modern manufacturing technologies. Critical e...

Product design involves in modelling, simulation, and evaluation of the behaviors of the product at the different stages of its product lifecycle (PLC). Computer aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to model and analyze the responses of product that is subjected to external loads and constraints. CAE has become essential to eliminate hidden mista...

Actuators are essential components for motion in machines, and warranty service lives are basic specifications of actuators. However, fatigue damage or wear of actuators are very complex and related to many design factors, such as materials properties, surface conditions, loads, and operating temperature. Actuator manufacturers still rely heavily o...

Cortical bones are semi-brittle and anisotropic, this brings the challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting processes in surgeries. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical model to represent cutting processes of cortical bones, and we used to evaluate cutting forces and fracture toughness, and investigate...

Collaborative robots (cobots) are robots that are designed to collaborate with humans in an open workspace. In contrast to industrial robots in an enclosed environment, cobots need additional mechanisms to assure humans’ safety in collaborations. It is especially true when a cobot is used in manufacturing environment; since the workload or moving m...

Industrial data are in general corrupted by noises and outliers. In this context, robustness to the contaminated data is a challenging issue in process monitoring. In this article, a novel method named low-rank joint embedding is proposed for robust process monitoring. By learning a low-rank coefficient matrix, low-rank joint embedding can capture...

This book covers the subject of digital manufacturing. It provides a practical guide for readers on using computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and other computer assistive tools for the design of products, machines, processes and system integrations through the case studies of engineer...

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is a type of fluid-film lubrication where hydrodynamic behaviors at contact surfaces are affected by both elastic deformation of surfaces and lubricant viscosity. Modelling of contact interfaces under EHL is challenging due to high nonlinearity, complexity, and the multi-disciplinary nature. This paper aims to u...

Blockchain has been successfully used in many applications for international asset transfers and domestic payments. In these cases, payment processes are more liquidated and automated leading to the paradigm shift in the payment industry. The advancement of Blockchain technology (BCT) tends to replace conventional payment methods in supply chain th...

Business process management (BPM) aims to optimize business processes to achieve better system performance such as higher profit, quicker response, and better services. BPM systems in Industry 4.0 are required to digitize and automate business process workflows and support the transparent interoperations of service vendors. The critical bottleneck...

Unfortunately, the corresponding author name is misspelled as Wattana Viryasitavat in the original article. The correct name is Wattana Viriyasitavat. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Nowadays, industrial robots have been widely applied for performing position-controlled tasks with minimum contact such as spot welding, spray painting, packing, and material handling; however, performing high-tolerance assembly tasks still poses a great challenge for robots because of various uncertainties of the parts to be assembled such as fixt...

Purpose Since the market penetrations of service robots are only successful to a limited types of services, the purpose of the paper is to look into the reasons why the market penetrations are lagged from both technical and nontechnical perspectives. Automatic robotic recharging services, especially robotic refueling systems, are used as the case s...

With the fast development of information technologies, traditional value-added chain business models are shifting to service-based applications (SBAs) to cope with ever-changing user behaviors and the modern social system. An SBA allows an organization to utilize external and distributed resources to achieve its business goals, especially when the...

Technology standards facilitate the transparency in market and the supplies of products with good quality. For manufacturers, standards make it possible to reduce the costs by mass production, and enhance system adaptabilities through integrating system modules with the standardized interfaces. However, International standards on industrial robots...