Yuzhuo Cai

Tampere University | UTA · Faculty of Management and Business

The Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions, highlighting the enhanced role of the university in the transition from industrial to knowledge-based society , has become widespread in innovation and entrepreneurship studies. We analyze classic literature and recent research, shedding light on the theoretical development of a model...

This article proposes the neo-Triple Helix model of innovation ecosystems by integrating the Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models, inspired by Lewontin’s gene, organism and environment Triple Helix metaphor. The model considers innovation ecosystems evolved through interactions between 1) innovation dynamics (or innovation genes), 2) social...

While the Triple Helix and Quadruple Helix models are popular in innovation studies, the relations between them have not been addressed extensively in the literature. There are diverse interpretations of helix models in empirical studies that apply them, but these sometimes deviate from the original theses of the models. Such a situation can confus...

While institutional logics theory has increasingly been applied in higher education research, especially in the past five years, agreement is lacking on how to approach institutional logics analysis. This results in proliferating institutional logics in higher education studies and often confuses newcomers to the field as to how to use institutiona...

Both the transformation from innovation systems to innovation ecosystems and university reforms in such a context require a renewed understanding of the nature of universities and their roles in society. While the recent flourishing concepts about new models of universities suggest that the notion of an entrepreneurial university needs to be replac...

Some questions this sessions will address, amongst others are: • What roles do universities play in peripheral regions? How does this relate to sustainability? • And are these the same as what has been found to be the case in core urban settings? • How do universities contribute to sustainable development in peripheral regions? • How does the expa...

In this editorial, we discuss the quality of submissions from the perspective of the Triple Helix editorial team, besides introducing the articles featured in this issue. Our discussion seeks to clarify three crucial elements of quality in Triple Helix dialogue: ensuring research aligns with the journal’s scope, comprehend- ing the criteria that de...

"The Quality Assurance Guidelines for Sino-Finnish Joint Education Provision is prepared by Sino-Finnish Educational Research Center and Sino-Finnish Double Degree Center, two of the six research centers in the Sino-Finnish Joint Learning Innovation Institute (JoLII). It is an output from the Research Project on Quality Assurance in Joint Degree Pr...

This paper is an in memoriam tribute to the distinguished scholar Loet Leydesdorff written by some of his academic collaborators, including the editors of the Triple Helix journal and representatives of the Triple Helix Association. The paper revisits Loet Leydesdorff’s seminal contributions and legacy in innovation studies, particularly his work o...

As an emerging agenda in science and public policy discourse, the open science (OS) movement has affected university–industry research collaboration (UIRC) including normative changes concerning actors’ value and belief systems. Thus, the following questions have become pertinent: what are the norms and beliefs of key actors engaged in UIRC regardi...

Cai and Tomlinson’s (A renewed analytical framework for understanding employers’ perceptions of graduate employability: Integration of capital and institutionalist perspectives. In T. Broadley, Y. Cai, M. Firth, E. Hunt, & J. Neugebauer (Eds.), SAGE Handbook of Graduate Employability (pp. 479–495). Sage, 2023) renewed analytical framework for under...

International doctoral students are key actors in globalized knowledge society. While the value of international doctorates lies in the ability to develop and leverage knowledge across borders and cultures, such competencies can be acquired only when students successfully integrate into the host systems or universities in their international mobili...

新型研究型大学被寄予承担国家和区域创新体系引擎作用的厚望，且须 通过技术转移体系的组织创新，促进社会服务、人才培养、科学研究三大职能互动耦 合，实现大学的转型发展。本文选取南方科技大学为个案，以制度理论为基础，从组 织创新管理的视角分析影响新型研究型大学技术转移体系的组织构建和创新发展的 主要因素。基于半开放式深入访谈和文档研究，本文认为，为推进大学技术转移体系 的组织创新，须通过有效的管理手段提升技术转移体系与人才培养机制的兼容性，加 强教师科研与产业需求的对接，并建立鼓励技术转移的教师科研评价机制。

Unlabelled: In China, higher education institutions (HEIs) have a governance arrangement in which the university president and the party secretary occupy key roles. However, their legal roles as institutional leaders are vaguely specified in existing legal frameworks. Based on a four-dimensional theoretical model, this paper (i) clarifies the lead...

这篇文章介绍了芬兰教育的思想、理论和模式，以及它们如何支撑芬兰教育的高质量和公平性。文章从历史的角度回顾了芬兰教育思想的演化过程，分析了芬兰教育理论的特点和影响，以及芬兰教育模式的创新之路。文章认为，芬兰教育之所以成功，是因为它能够在学习国际经验的同时，坚持自己的价值体系，并在教育改革中将两者融通，打造了属于自己的教育模式，开创了让世界瞩目的“芬兰之路”。

Inherent Simmelian foundations anchor the theoretical base of the Triple Helix model. The Triple Helix model polishes the theoretical lens of Georg Simmel, revealing the empirical basis of intermediating ties in entrepreneurship and innovation. This Viewpoint article takes the path-breaking weak and strong ties approach of Mark Granovetter a step b...

Introduction A number of employability frameworks have been developed lately reflecting the shifts in viewing employability from possessional (as the match between skills possessed and required) and positional (competition) perspectives – towards more relational or processual one (seeing employability as a negotiation process) (Yorke and Knight, 2...

Geopolitical tensions and shifts in global power dynamics have profoundly influenced the internationalization of higher education, particularly evident in EU-China higher education cooperation. This article examines the emerging challenges in this cooperation, identified as paradoxes in collaboration objectives, mutual misperceptions, and concealed...

Sustainability and sustainable development have been on the global political agenda since the end of the 1980s [...]

基于文献梳理和政策文本分析，本文探究了2011年-2021年间芬兰博士生教育改革的动因、举措与成效。2011年以来，在国内需求和国际影响等动因驱动下，芬兰大学采取了一系列改革措施，包括建立博士生院、推动在地国际化、提升博士生就业技能、完善质量保障体系、缩短博士生毕业年限等，以加强博士生管理，提升博士生教育与知识社会需求的衔接。芬兰的博士生教育改革是欧洲博士生教育改革的缩影，也体现了新公共管理理念在高等教育领域的扩散。

The institutional logics approach is a powerful lens with which to examine and understand contexts in which norms and conceptions are multiple, unclear or in flux. While logics at the societal level have been well elaborated and are, in the most part, widely understood and accepted, at the field level logics are not necessarily so clear. Field fram...

This article examines the experience of international academics in mainland China. The emerging trend of foreign academics moving into long-term, full-time positions in Chinese universities is an underreported phenomenon in research. This article discusses the following questions: Who are the foreign academics in China? What motivates them to go an...

This paper reveals those institutional logics discussed in the higher education literature and suggests a route towards optimising institutional logics analysis in higher education research. The findings and arguments presented in the paper are based on, and extend from, the authors' recent publication on 'Institutional logics in higher education r...

This study investigated the role of public policy in transforming innovation systems into innovation ecosystems. Despite the numerous studies that examined the role of innovation policies in promoting innovation systems and the increasing attention paid to the transition from innovation systems to innovation ecosystems in the literature, research o...

This paper theoretically conceptualises and empirically explores the role of international university collaboration in building transnational university-industry co-innovation networks (TUICNs) in the EU-China context, and suggests a new model of international innovation cooperation. The theoretical framework was constructed by synthesising insight...

This article examines the trend of academic migration to mainland China. Notably, the most recent literature identified a new cohort of international academics in China, who are non-Chinese academics with long-term and full-time positions. Despite growing research interests, there is a lack of critical and synthesised reviews about the extant studi...

This article presents a novel application of a two-phase Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for evaluating the efficiency of innovation systems based on the Triple Helix neo-evolutionary model. The authors identify a niche to measure Triple Helix-based efficiency of innovation systems scrutinizing different methodologies for measuring Triple Helix per...

Cai, Yuzhuo, Heather Eggins, Svetlana Shenderova, and Elizabeth Balbachevsky. 2022. "Rethinking internationalisation, post pandemic and war." University World News, 9 April. https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2022040609304682.

This paper unfolds a “black box” concerning European researchers working in China, an emerging phenomenon as an outcome of European and Chinese international research collaboration. China’s rapid economic growth has created plentiful career opportunities in research and innovation, attracting mainly returning Chinese but also non-Chinese researcher...

This paper aims to investigate the social innovation process in the innovation ecosystem of the Tampere region, taking the energy sector as an example. It focuses on analysing how responsible research and innovation (RRI) activities are understood by regional stakeholders, particularly regarding how the roles of different actors (universities, publ...

China, which has the largest higher education system and is the biggest producer of scientific articles in the world, is a point of focus with regard to global higher education. As such, China has been considered a priority in many countries’ strategies on the internationalisation of higher education, and there has been increasing international res...

This paper explores how a novel university governance model at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), largely learned from the West, has been implemented in the highly institutionalised and centralised Chinese higher education system. For this purpose, we first constructed an analytical framework, integrating the conceptualisation...

This paper elaborates on the concept of policy isomorphism as an analytical framework for understanding national policymaking in a "global educational system" by integrating the insights of institutional theory, public policy studies, and education research. Policy isomorphism concerns the application of institutional isomorphism in policy analysis...

While interdisciplinarity has been widely addressed in higher education policies and university strategies across countries, universities and colleges are struggling with the implementation at the programme level. For instance, extant literature implies many barriers to establishing interdisciplinary degree programmes (IDPs). However, there is a la...

The organizational innovation of industry-education integration is the process of “industry” and “education” exploring common demands and differences through interactions, so as to stimulate and rationalize the collaborative talent training mechanism. The deepening construction of emerging engineering education is also the organizational optimizati...

This chapter reviews and analyses China's policies and practices with respect to higher education cooperation with the EU from the perspective of a paradigm change: from EU-China higher education 1.0 to EU-China higher education cooperation 2.0. When it comes to the second decade of the 21 st century, the cooperation between the European Union (EU)...

International cooperation in higher education is not new, but gained new urgency in recent years with the expansion of the knowledge economy, the easy flow of communications and the emulation created by international rankings. In the European Union’s countries, international competition and the process of political and economic unification required...

This chapter presents the main issues addressed by this book when analysing the experiences of cooperation between European Union and Brazil, China, Russia and South Africa. These four countries represent four continents, respectively South America, Asia, Europe and Africa. We chose them as important players in political and economic aspects in the...

In this concluding chapter, we draw lessons from the higher education cooperation between the EU and the four countries of Brazil, China, Russia and South Africa. Each of the previous chapters in this book provided a variety of good practices, challenges and suggestions. We aim to bring together these insights and reflect on these experiences throu...

Societal changes are leading to the demand for broader roles for universities, and this also calls for, and leads to, substantial changes within the internal fabric of the university. Significant innovations in both society and universities necessitate a renewed understanding of the social missions of higher education in society. Among both researc...

University mergers are sites of self-reflection where the identities of the institutions in question are juxtaposed and challenged. We examine the organisational identity of a Finnish single-faculty technical university in the context of a merger process with a comprehensive multi-disciplinary university and a university of applied sciences. Throug...

The purpose of the research is to explore a novel approach to measuring Triple Helix (TH) performance. The paper uses the efficiency approach and compares how successful are OECD countries in transforming inputs into outputs through the TH collaboration. The paper aims to examine the rank of the selected countries based on their efficiency score. I...

While higher education has been considered as both an 'engine' for innovation and a 'catalyst' for sustainability development, the integration of both the 'innovation engine' and 'sustainability catalyst' roles is best reflected in higher education's engagement in innovation ecosystems-the theme of this special issue, including 16 articles dealing...

Universities are increasingly engaged in marketization and are also expected to transform into more sustainable institutions and be change-agents pushing forward the movement of sustainable development. This article introduces an analytical framework originated by Hahn et al. (2015) for understanding tensions concerning corporate sustainability to...

The Section of Higher Education in China in the Encyclopedia of Educational Phi-losophy and Theory has been completed and published online by the publisher — Springer. The Section is edited by Fengqiao Yan and Yuzhuo Cai upon the invita-tion by Michael Peters, the editor of Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. The Section introduces c...

Along with emerging global innovation networks (Howells, 2019; Lin & Plechero, 2019; J. Liu, Chaminade, & Asheim, 2013) or transnational innovation ecosystems (Cai, 2018; Cai, Ferrer, & Lastra, 2019), transnational research cooperation is not only becoming popular but also complex (Janssens, Maddux, & Nguyen, 2019; Lin & Plechero, 2019). Transnatio...

Recent literature has moved from a primarily economic perspective to awareness of the institutional role of university in regional innovation system. This paper contributes to the scholarly discussions by combining the theories of institutional entrepreneurship and institutional logics to provide an analytical framework for understand how universit...

This chapter explores and compares the institutional logics of Chinese and Finnish doctoral education systems through on-desk research of secondary data. Findings show that in both Chinese and Finnish doctoral education systems, there are five underlying institutional logics, namely state logic, profession logic, family logic, market logic and corp...

This chapter identifies best practices and challenges in Sino-Finnish joint degree provision through analysing two different degree programmes in terms of level of education, type of providing institutions and cohort of students. Being aware of variations in definitions of joint degree, we use the concept of joint degree provision to focus on the c...

This paper presents a potential solution to fill a gap in both research and practice that there are few interactions between transnational industry cooperation (TIC) and transnational university cooperation (TUC) in transnational innovation ecosystems. To strengthen the synergies between TIC and TUC for innovation, the first step is to match suitab...

Purpose The purpose of this article is (1) to provide a critical analysis of the Finnish experience of education reforms based on published Chinese research on Finnish education and (2) to discuss how such experience can serve as a model as China embarks on its own path toward educational reform. Design/Approach/Methods This article is based on an...

This article introduces Frontiers of Education in China’s special issue on China-Europe higher education cooperation. It is more than simply an introduction to the five studies collected for the special issue. Rather, it provides an overview of higher education cooperation between China and Europe from the perspective of opportunities and challenge...

China has the largest scale of mergers in the world, having more than 400 cases mergers involving over 1000 higher education institutions. This chapter provides an overview of mergers in Chinese higher education since the 1990s. It particularly examines the policy contexts of mergers, types of mergers, drives of mergers, and outcomes of mergers. Af...

This chapter answers two research questions: 1) How has the collaboration between Europe and China in doctoral education developed since the 1980s? and 2) What are the challenges related to the collaboration between Europe and China in the area of doctoral education? By answering these questions, the chapter explains how China, after moving away fr...

Resumen Para mejorar la transferencia de tecnología entre universidades e industria (UITT), debemos primero comprender de manera integral la organización de este proceso. Aquí presentamos una tipología de oficinas universitarias de transferencia de tecnología (UTTO). Debemos recalcar que estas organizaciones no son estáticas en el tiempo, sino han...

As Chinese doctoral education has grown dramatically in the past four decades and developed into one of the largest doctoral education systems in the world, it has become one significant and integral part of the global doctoral education landscape. However, in the literature, there is a lack of both a comprehensive understanding of the Chinese doct...

While there has been a shared understanding that innovation policy is about rendering institutional change, there has been an emerging interest in identifying the institutional logics underlying innovation policy. To date, few studies have attempted to conceptualise these logics. This paper develops a novel conceptual framework for understanding in...

The book focuses on I Methodological Approaches II Conceptual Approaches III Scholarly Traditions Applied to understand universities

This paper contributes to research on the internationalization of higher education by integrating two separate research fields, namely, education export and intellectual capital. Specifically, we conceptualize education export as an activity aimed at transferring intellectual capital as a two-way process benefiting both provider and receiver, a...

This paper examines the features of Triple Helix model in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and analyses the driving forces of the featured model from the institutional logics perspective. The statist-fading balanced Triple Helix model in Shenzhen is characterized by (1) the loosened control of central government and (2) the balanced interaction of lo...

This study investigates perceptions of European and Chinese stakeholders on doctoral education (DE) in China and Europe, particularly the cooperation between the two sides. Data were collected through online and paper survey from both European and Chinese stakeholders (N = 946). The results provide insights for policy-makers, university administrat...

This special issue focuses on the reforms and collaborations in Europe–China doctoral education. The articles in this special issue provide an insightful picture of the recent reforms in doctoral education in China and EU countries. Next to the structural reforms in Europe and China, the special issue papers have also specifically focused on EU–Chi...

This paper intends to construct an analytical framework for understanding quality assurance in international joint programmes and to test it in a case analysis of a European–Chinese joint doctoral degree programme. The development of a quality assurance system for an international joint programme is understood as an institutionalization process of...

While studies dealing with issues related to innovations in higher education proliferate, there has been little consensus on key concepts and central issues for research. To respond to the challenges, this paper calls for developing a new research field — studies on innovations in higher education, by integrating two disciplines, namely innovation...

This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of innovation policy in regional innovation system (RIS) development. It specifically focusses on the influence of policy on a set of enabling conditions for RIS that have not been taken fully into account in previous innovation policy studies. Drawing on relevant literature on innovation syste...