Yury Villagrán-Zaccardi- Doctor of Engineering
- Researcher at Flemish Institute for Technological Research
Yury Villagrán-Zaccardi
- Doctor of Engineering
- Researcher at Flemish Institute for Technological Research
About
138
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Introduction
My expertise field is Concrete Technology, with current projects concerning the use of supplementary cementitious materials, recycled concrete aggregates, durability, and transport properties of concrete.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
April 2020 - June 2022
March 2013 - June 2022
Education
October 2008 - March 2012
August 2005 - October 2009
January 1998 - November 2003
Publications
Publications (138)
Sorptivity is broadly used for characterising the pore connectivity of cementitious materials, with applications in design for durability. A water sorptivity coefficient (WSC) is typically obtained from the ratio between the amount of absorbed water and t0.5. This relationship is however not linear for cementitious materials, and conventions are ne...
Global demand for buildings and infrastructure is extremely high as provision of shelter, sanitation and healthcare are paramount to safeguard the world's growing population. Concrete is a preferred construction material to meet this demand, but its production is leading to overexploitation of natural gravel and sand, causing an environmental crisi...
Carbon neutrality to limit global warming is an increasing challenge for all industries, particularly for the cement industry, due to the chemical emission of the process. For decades, reducing the clinker factor has been one of the main strategies to reduce the carbon footprint. Additional cuttings in the clinker content of cements seem possible w...
Repurposing sulphidic tailings in construction products offers a sustainable solution for this mining waste. Aggregates (1–4 mm and 2–8 mm) were produced at pilot scale using cold granulation with minimal cement content (6 wt% CEM III/B + 94 wt% tailings). Superplasticizer dose was optimized in mortar and concrete mixes replacing 17 % and 32 % of n...
This review by Working Group 1 of the RILEM TC 309-MCP discusses recent advances in the beneficial carbonation treatment of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The impact of carbonation on RCA properties as well as the microstructure and performance of concrete and other construction materials made thereof is critically reviewed. The increasing foc...
This review provides an in-depth examination of machine learning applications in assessing concrete durability from 2013 to 2024, with a particular focus on critical degradation mechanisms, including carbonation, chloride-induced deterioration, sulfate attack, frost damage, shrinkage, and corrosion. It underscores the field’s heavy reliance on labo...
The RILEM TC 281–CCC ‘‘Carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials’’ conducted a study on the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the carbonation rate of blended cement concretes and mortars. In this context, a comprehensive database has been established, consisting of 1044 concrete and mortar mixes with...
The valorisation of sludges from aggregate production into construction materials is required for full circularity in mining waste management. This study explores valorisation pathways, relevant regulatory frameworks, and End-of-Waste (EoW) criteria for specific settings in Spain and Norway. The explored valorisation routes involved the production...
La urgente necesidad de reducir los impactos ambientales en la industria hormigonera motiva la utilización de materiales cementíceos suplementarios (MCS). Las arcillas calcinadas ilíticas, las puzolanas volcánicas y el filler calizo son MCS con amplia disponibilidad regional. A priori, la carbonatación se asume con un efecto reductor de la porosida...
The valorization of secondary sands is crucial for fostering a circular economy within the construction sector. One significant obstacle in this endeavor stems from the high water absorption (WA) rates commonly reported for secondary sands. This high WA leads to increased water and cement demand in cementitious mixes and elevates costs. The only wi...
3D printed cementitious materials are subjected to environmental drying from a very early age as it does not have any formwork protection. In this paper, we present a novel methodology using a rheometer for measuring the shrinkage strains in such stiff cement-based materials from the onset of processing. In this approach, cylindrical samples are pl...
The RILEM TC 281–CCC ‘‘Carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials’’ conducted a study on the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the carbonation rate of blended cement concretes and mortars. In this context, a comprehensive database has been established, consisting of 1044 concrete and mortar mixes with...
During capillary imbibition, there are changes in the pore structure that reduce the water ingress rate, leading to anomalous behaviour. However, the relation of those deformations with the C-S-H content is still unclear. We performed simultaneous measurements of external deformations and water ingress through neutron radiography. Cement pastes of...
This article reviewes the prediction of carbonation in concrete with recycled aggregate in all stages and aspects related to sustainability. Concrete carbonation has two sides. In reinforced concrete, the research approach aims to prevent the advance of the carbonation depth so that the pH drop does not lead to reinforcement corrosion. The paramete...
Although the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a well-known practice with over a century of experience, the mechanism of reaction of SCMs remains not fully understood, and further research is necessary. In addition, the incorporation of alkaline activators into cementitious systems with a low content of Portland cement (PC) is g...
Please cite this article as: Etcheverry, J.M., Laveglia, A., Villagran-Zaccardi, Y.A., De Belie, N., A technical-environmental comparison of hybrid and blended slag cement-based recycled aggregate concrete tailored for optimal field performance, Developments in the Built Environment (2024), doi: https://doi.
In this study, a hybrid alkali-activated ground-granulated cement consisting of 70% blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and 30% Portland cement (PC) activated with sodium sulfate was studied. Results were compared with those of a blended system without an activator. The addition of the activator significantly increased the kinetics and degree of reaction of...
The Bayer-process for alumina extraction results in an alkaline iron oxide-rich residue, so-called bauxite residue (BR). Presently 160 Mt/y of BR is generated and several Gt is stored in landfills. If suitably processed, bauxite residue would be an interesting candidate supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and reduce risks and costs related to...
The performance of cementitious materials made with Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) and exposed to sulfate-laden environments is not yet fully understood. There are few studies on this topic, and for a full description of the mechanisms of external sulfate attack (ESA), several influencing parameters should be considered. The replacement of natu...
Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) includes recycled concrete aggregates (coarse and/or fine) as substitutes for natural aggregates as an approach to achieving a circular economy. Some concerns remain about its performance, including the carbonation resistance. The higher porosity of recycled concrete aggregates is logically a disadvantage, but the...
Mine tailings are significant environmental liabilities worldwide. This adds up to the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources for use as construction materials. Valorization of such wastes as secondary raw materials is an effective environmental-friendly strategy. This paper presents an investigation on the valorization of low-grade sulphi...
Hybrid binders emerge as a solution to further decrease the clinker factor in cementitious systems without unfavorable slow strength development.The Portland cement reduction not only produces greener systems, but also makes them more sensitive to carbonation, especially due to the very limited amount of portlandite available. Therefore, the pore s...
Alkali activation may help to increase the early strength and reduce the setting time of mixtures with high contents of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). In this research, the effect of sodium sulfate activator on reaction kinetics, compressive strength and pore structure of hybrid systems produced with 70 wt.% ground granulated blast fu...
Novel hybrid binder concrete mixes with alkali-activated non-ferrous slag (NFS), either alone or in combination with blast furnace slag (BFS), as partial replacement of Portland cement, and containing 50% recycled aggregates, were successfully manufactured. The compressive strength, carbonation resistance, chloride resistance, frost scaling, sorpti...
Fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) possesses substantial limitations for its use due to its significant porosity. Extensive research on the effect of carbonation on the accessible porosity of coarse recycled concrete aggregate is available in the literature, but FRCA information is scarce. The present paper presents results of the effect of ca...
Advanced design of eco-friendly concrete is very urgent in view of the vital fight against climate change. An interesting eco-efficient strategy is the combination of (1) alternative low carbon hybrid binders with a low clinker factor and the inclusion of alkali activators, (2) substituting natural aggregate by recycled aggregate and (3) securing s...
Nowadays, Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is increasingly used together with Portland cement to design low carbon footprint binder systems. Such systems with a low clinker factor are generally connected with a slow strength development. Alkaline activation in hybrid binders can provide a suitable solution to cope with this issue. Among...
In capillary imbibition (or absorption) experiments performed on cementitious materials, a non-linear evolution of water uptake with the square root of time is frequently reported. This anomaly is derived from analytical methods that assume that the pore structure remains invariable during water ingress. A more comprehensive understanding of the tr...
Some of the proposed accelerated tests for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete address only the Portland cement, as the hydrated cement paste contains unstable compounds that may react with sulfate ions, while others are based on concrete performance. In search of comprehensive and practical assessments, some researchers proposed the eval...
La absorción de los agregados finos reciclados (AFR) es mencionada como la propiedad que más afecta el desempeño del hormigón con AFR. A nivel mundial el método más utilizado para evaluar dicha propiedad es el del molde troncocónico. Sin embargo, cuando los agregados presentan alto contenido de polvo y/o formas angulares la efectividad del método s...
The scarcity of fine natural aggregates and the negative environmental impact of their extraction make it necessary to find new sources of aggregates for the construction industry. The use of recycled aggregates (RA) derived from waste concrete crushing is a viable option for reducing non-renewable raw material consumption. The quality of these agg...
Diseñar hormigones de bajo clínker y durables frente a la carbonatación es imprescindible para una industria más sustentable. Dos adiciones ampliamente utilizadas como reemplazo parcial de clínker son la escoria de alto horno (EAH) y el filler calcáreo (FC). En este trabajo se evaluaron mezclas cementíceas con EAH hasta 60% y FC hasta 20%. Se carac...
Granulated blast furnace slag is a by-product of the metallurgical industry widely used as an addition to cement thanks to its hydraulic reactivity in alkaline media. The quantification of the degree of reaction is necessary in the evaluation of supplementary cementitious materials. The selective dissolution method directly evaluates the reactivity...
Concrete with self-healing systems, such as vascular networks, results in promoted sustainability and reduced maintenance costs for a structure compared to traditional concrete. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, allows for complex network topologies to be fabricated, however, the challenge lies in a lack of standards in both self-healing and...
Sorptivity is a transport index to address the durability performance of concrete. Cementitious materials generally demonstrate anomalous capillary absorption (or imbibition) reflected by a non-linear evolution with t^0.5. A more accurate description of the transport process and a best fitting with experimental results are achieved with the novel a...
Recycled aggregate produced from crushed waste concrete is suitable for use in structural concrete. It reduces the demand for non-renewable resources and also for energy in general. However, RA is more porous than most natural aggregates. The porosity of the concrete cover defines the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete, and it is therefore...
El monitoreo de salud de estructuras civiles (SHM, Structural Health Monitoring) es una de las principales herramientas disponibles para la ejecución de tareas de mantenimiento predictivo. La evolución de las tecnologías asociadas a las comunicaciones ópticas en los últimos 30 años, propició la aparición de diferentes tipos de sensores de fibra ópt...
Recycling waste concrete is a practice that is advancing more and more in search of more ecoefficient practices in the production of cementitious materials. Whether when obtained from sieving the primarily crushed waste concrete or from secondary grinding of recycled particles under 2–4 mm, the recycled powder finds the most valorization difficulti...
The traditional approach for evaluating capillary imbibition, which describes the phenomena as a linear relationship between mass gain and the square root of time, considers a rigid pore structure. The common deviation from the linearity when using the square-root law (manifested in a downward curvature, i.e., slower water ingress) can be explained...
The initial moisture condition of recycled concrete aggregates has a great influence on the fresh and hardened state of concrete. Water compensation is generally proposed with the aim of avoiding changes in the effective water-to-cement ratio and preventing water transfer from the mix to the porous aggregates. However, full compensation of water ab...
The ‘integral’ test method aims at the simultaneous determination of the chloride migration rate and chloride threshold content. This information is required for durability performance design of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment. Standard tests are generally designed to be applied on saturated samples to improve their repeata...
Short-term capillary imbibition (or absorption) tests are practical and provide useful information about the performance of cementitious materials. Most of these tests are performed for a short period (<1 week), however, if the test continues for a longer period there is still liquid ingress. This further ingress of liquid is believed to be related...
Sorptivity is a transport parameter widely used for assessing the durable performance of concrete. However, anomalous capillary absorption (or imbibition) is normally reported for cementitious materials, i.e. capillary water uptake evolves non-linearly with t0.5. For decades, different methods of dealing with the anomaly have been adopted in differ...
Eco-friendly concrete mixtures make efficient use of constituents with reduced environmental impact to secure durable structures. Ternary mixes containing Portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and limestone powder (LP) have demonstrated a good balance between environmental impact, economic cost and technical performance. The...
Hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) have been widely used in the hydrocarbon industry for cementing wells with low-density slurries. These consist of amorphous siliceous hollow spheres filled with gas, providing a low-density material with high strength. The present study aims to characterize the interaction between HGMS and the cement paste, focusing...
Wastes can be valorized and used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in new concrete production. This application is a potentially convenient procedure for recycling and reducing the carbon footprint of cementitious products. The impact of using these nontraditional constituents is reflected on changes in the pore structure due to a diff...
Long-term capillary imbibition in cementitious materials is relevant to describe their durable behaviour. Many structures are exposed to long-term contact with moisture, such as foundations or wastewater installations. After several weeks, when capillary rise is no longer progressing, a distinguished change in the slope (from the mass gain - fourth...
La pasta de cemento presente en los agregados finos reciclados (AFR) causa menor densidad y mayor absorción y porosidad en comparación con los agregados finos naturales. La influencia de los AFR en morteros y hormigones es un tema sin consenso debido a que su rugosidad y alta porosidad podría indirectamente mejorar la microestructura de la zona de...
La vida útil de las estructuras impacta de un modo directo en la sustentabilidad del medioambiente al conducir a mayores o menores consumos de recursos naturales y energía. Asimismo, se puede reducir la cantidad y frecuencia de generación de los residuos de construcción y demolición con estructuras más durables. En el caso de las estructuras de hor...
RESUMEN El diseño para el desmontaje (DpD) es una metodología de diseño que, basándose en el pensamiento de ciclo de vida, toma en cuenta la construcción y la deconstrucción de un producto. El desmontaje permite el reúso. La noción de fin de vida es precedida por ciclos de uso y fin de uso. En este trabajo se analiza su aplicación a estructuras de...
La porosimetría por intrusión de mercurio (MIP) describe la distribución la estructura y distribución de tamaño de entrada de poros, y contribuye al análisis del desempeño durable. Pero su interpretación de resultados es compleja. Existen diversas hipótesis para explicar la histéresis entre intrusión y extrusión de mercurio, que requieren aún compr...
El conocimiento del nivel de humedad es fundamental en el campo de la durabilidad del hormigón debido a que el agua actúa como vía de ingreso de agentes agresivos y afecta la estabilidad volumétrica del material. Por ello, la determinación del nivel de humedad interna en estructuras civiles se muestra actualmente como una opción atractiva al moment...
Un mejor conocimiento de las adiciones minerales permite incrementar considerablemente el reemplazo de clínker pórtland en las mezclas. Las adiciones minerales tienen diferente composición en función de su origen, y por lo tanto su reactividad es variada. Para poder optimizar estas mezclas y conseguir las mejores características ingenieriles es ind...
El presente trabajo aborda el pensamiento de ciclo de vida y la economía circular en la producción de estructuras de hormigón armado, y el estado de la cuestión del reciclado de hormigón en Argentina, particularmente en las condiciones bonaerenses, en comparación con la bibliografía internacional disponible. Se basa en un análisis crítico de artícu...
Capillary imbibition is a transport phenomenon occurring in concrete structures exposed to weathering, frequently in direct connection with the resistance against different deterioration processes. This property depends on the volume and connectivity of pores. For ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash blended concrete mixes, the...
Los materiales de base cementícea son los materiales artificiales más usados. El conocimiento de la evolución temporal de sus características y propiedades es de gran interés debido a que éstas influyen en el desempeño de las estructuras que conforman. Desde ese punto de vista, el monitoreo de los cambios en determinados parámetros relacionados con...
The tortuosity of the pore structure is an important factor affecting transport of species in cement-based materials; hence it constitutes a valuable tool for predicting their durability performance. A textural analysis of the pore structure of GGBFS and limestone powder blended concrete is assessed by multi-cycle mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP...
Recycled aggregate concrete is an eco-friendly material that is increasingly being used in new constructions. Nowadays, this application is mainly limited by user’s lack of confidence, as coarse recycled aggregate (CRA) is usually more porous, i.e., it has a higher water absorption, than coarse natural aggregate. This difference is a primary concer...
The shape and roughness of aggregates play a predominant role in the properties of cement mixes. Due to that, some regulations limit the content of manufacture fine aggregate at 30% of the total of fine aggregate in concrete. However, few design methods consider the shape and roughness surface of aggregates in the mix proportioning. This study pres...
Production of artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA) from industrial by-products or abundant volcanic mud is a promising solution to prevent damaging the environment due to the mining of natural aggregate. However, improvements are still needed in order to control the high water absorption of LWA and strength reduction in resulting concrete or mort...
Sorptivity is a transport parameter widely used for assessing the durable performance of concrete. However, anomalous capillary absorption (or imbibition) is normally reported for cementitious materials, i.e. capillary water uptake evolves non-linearly with t 0.5. For decades, different methods of dealing with the anomaly have been adopted in diffe...
Short-term capillary imbibition (or absorption) tests are practical and provide useful information about the performance of cementitious materials. Most of these tests are performed for a short period (< 1 week), however, if the test continues for a longer period there is still liquid ingress. This further ingress of liquid is believed to be relate...
The effect of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on concrete performance against external sulfate attack (ESA) is not yet fully known. In this paper, recycled aggregate concretes (RAC) with 0, 50, 75 and 100% of RCA contents were evaluated after 10 years of exposure immersed in 50g/l sodium sulfate solution. Sulfate ingress profiles were obtained by...
The main feature of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is its compactability under the action of its own weight, filling formworks and covering reinforcement without the need of applying external energy. Limestone filler is the most used supplementary cementitious materials for the production of SCC in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Argentina. Alt...
The appearance of cracks in reinforced concrete structures accelerates the penetration of aggressive substances such as chloride ions into the concrete matrix. This leads to durability problems due to the accelerated onset of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion. Chloride ions penetrate the concrete matrix along the crack tip and also along the...
ABSTRACT
Capillary imbibition or water uptake tests are practical and they satisfactorily describe the performance of cementitious materials. Most of these tests are performed for a short period (<1 week), however, additional water uptake has been documented after the water front has covered the total height of samples. This process occurs at a ver...
Resumen. Las actividades humanas constantemente se enfrentan a desafíos motivados por la problemática ambiental, que también es social: ¿Qué hacer con un residuo? y es obligación de la ingeniería plantear soluciones técnicas-ambientales-económicas que satisfagan las expectativas a) de las mezclas cementíceas: estudiando las propiedades en estado fr...
En términos relativos, el hormigón es un material estructural de bajo impacto ambiental. Aún así, debido a los grandes volúmenes utilizados de hormigón, pequeñas mejoras en la reducción de su huella de carbono implican grandes volúmenes de ahorro en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEIs) de origen antropogénico. La reducción de GEIs es...
Pore structure description is a fundamental when studying the durability of cement-based materials. A more complex microstructural system is found when supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used, and additional information about the relative physical and chemical changes measured with the bulk resistivity is still required. To evaluate th...
Recycling of concrete is a widespread practice in many countries. Documentation of this practice is not always feasible, and in some cases, waste concrete might have been already produced with recycled concrete aggregates. The conventional concrete design method will originate concretes with increasing mortar content with successive recycling. With...
Water uptake by capillarity is widely used for characterising the durability properties of building materials. However, cementitious materials are generally reported with an anomalous behaviour in relation to other construction materials: during capillary water uptake they show a non-linear evolution with the square root of time. Several hypotheses...
The description of the capillary imbibition phenomenon can help to understand and enhance the durability of cementitious materials containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). We studied the effect of slag, natural pozzolan and limestone powder on mortars by means of gravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity and neutron radiography d...
The Lucas-Washburn equation is still being applied by a significant number of researchers for the modelling of water absorption in cementitious materials. A modern approach considers the extended Darcy’s law leading to the Richards equation instead. Three main assumptions are implied by the application of the Lucas-Washburn equation: the flow occur...
En este trabajo se estudia la utilización potencial del polvo reciclado calcinado, obtenido a partir de la molienda de agregado fino reciclado de un hormigón de desecho, como sustituto parcial del cemento. Se evaluaron propiedades de un polvo reciclado sin tratamiento más que la molienda mecánica, y otros luego de procesos de calcinación a 550º y 8...
La utilización de agregados reciclados en materiales cementíceos aumenta la porosidad del nuevo material, a la vez que aumenta el contenido de pasta de cemento capaz de reaccionar con los sulfatos externos. Para evaluar la influencia del mismo en tiempos relativamente cortos se elaboraron barras de mortero, con cementos con diferente contenido de a...
La literatura, incluyendo IRAM 1871, define al coeficiente de succión capilar como un factor de proporcionalidad entre la ganancia de peso por succión capilar y tiempo 0,5. Pero para los materiales cementíceos esta linealidad no es tal y existen dificultades para su aplicación. El comportamiento real evoluciona con una curva que disminuye progresiv...
Pore structure characterization is a key aspect when studying the durability of cementitious materials. When supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used changes in pore structure are expected, and the complexity of its analysis is increased. The purpose of this paper is to describe the pore structure variation of mortars with two types of...
Cement paste contained in fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) makes a major difference in comparison with fine natural aggregates (FNA). For this reason, FRCA generally shows lower density and higher absorption than FNA. However, inconsistent results for the relationship between paste content and FRCA properties are found in the literature. The...
Cement paste contained in fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA) makes a major difference in comparison with fine natural aggregates (FNA). Because of this, FRCA generally shows lower density and higher absorption than FNA. These differences have been considered as detrimental for concrete properties such as slump loss, compressive strength, dryi...
The high absorption of fine recycled aggregates is indicated as the main difference with respect to fine natural aggregates. This property determines the extra amount of water to be added during mixing to avoid a loss in workability when these aggregates are used for making concrete. Although several methods have been proposed for its determination...
This paper presents an analysis of experimental data from conventional concrete regarding sorptivity and penetrability under pressure comparing these parameters to chloride diffusion rate determined in the laboratory and in actual marine environment. Prescriptions for durability assurance of reinforced concrete structures is based on the qualitativ...
Concrete exposed to external sulfate attack requires a reduced porosity to lessen the penetration rate of sulfate, and a limited aluminate supply to avoid formation of deleterious products. These two aspects are worsened with the inclusion of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).
Most of evaluation methods for sulfate attack described in the literatur...
Two decades ago Adam Neville pointed out how mixing water is usually blamed for all durability issues found in concrete, although we still need it to produce workable concrete and to cure it. Water is not alone in the group of mistreated constituents.
Fine fraction of recycled aggregates is another material that could claim for its rights. Whereas...
Water vapour permeability (WVP) is a key parameter for the sustainable thermal conditioning of buildings. The study of the WVP in concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) allows for the design of structures with improved durability and sustainability. To our knowledge, there is insufficient experimental data in the literature regar...
La elaboración de hormigones de alta performance ofrece beneficios tales como mayor facilidad de colocación, secciones reducidas, mejoras en la terminación, mayor durabilidad y resistencia comparativamente con hormigones convencionales. Para el diseño de dichos hormigones, es aconsejable realizar estudios en pastas o morteros para evaluar la compat...
The performance of slag and fly ash in hydrated cementitious materials depends on the degree of reaction developed at the evaluated age. Several methods for the determination of the reaction degree of supplementary cementitious materials are available, among which the selective dissolution method is one of methods developed the earliest. This is a...
Since the discovery of the latent hydraulic reactivity of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (ggbfs) by Emil Langen at the end of the 19th century, this material has been used successfully as cement and concrete addition. This chapter includes all relevant information about this valuable material—from production and processing to the effect, whic...
Limestone has been successfully used as a constituent of cement and concrete for decades. Fine limestone is commonly included in Portland cement by intergrinding, resulting in an optimal particle size distribution of the modified cement. In other applications, limestone powder is added separately from cement, for producing more stable and robust mi...
This chapter is dedicated to several kinds of natural pozzolans that occur around the globe and describes their specific characteristics, origin and use in concrete. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of their use in concrete mixes are highlighted in terms of concrete properties. In particular, the referenced properties in this chapter are...
La evaluación de la densidad y absorción del agua del árido fino dependen de la determinación del estado saturado a superficie seca. Para ello, el método más empleado es el del molde troncocónico. Los criterios en que se basa dicho método resulta apropiados para áridos cuyas partículas son de forma redondeada, pero en el caso de áridos finos de tri...
