Yulia V. Bogdanova

Science and Technology Facilities Council | STFC · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

In this paper, we analyze the fine structure of rotational discontinuities (RDs) in the magnetopause of an open magnetosphere using four‐point magnetic field measurements recorded by the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission. An RD is commonly observed within the magnetopause when reconnection occurs in the magnetopause. Furthermore, an RD usually occu...

The investigation of the magnetospheric polar cusps was one of the main objectives of the Cluster mission. The four satellites have crossed those regions numerous times over the years and, with their suitable instrumentation, favorable orbits, and unique multipoint measurements, many aspects of the cusp have been unveiled. The first of those is its...

How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed? is the question we want to address. We need to understand how geomagnetic storms and substorms start and grow, not just as a matter of scientific curiosity, but to address a clear and pressing practical problem: space weather, which can influence...

The Cluster mission was the first constellation using four identical spacecraft to study Sun‐Earth connection plasma processes. Using four spacecraft in a tetrahedron shape, it could measure, for the first time, 3D quantities such as electrical currents, plasma gradients or divergence of the electron pressure tensor and 3D structures such as bounda...

The paper investigates the strengthening of magnetospheric activity related to geosynchronous magnetopause crossings (GMCs). We make a list of GMC events using the empirical magnetopause model (Lin et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009ja014235) and hourly averaged OMNI data and find which solar wind and magnetospheric conditions accompany and...

Plain Language Summary The magnetopause is the boundary between the near‐Earth space, which is governed by the magnetic field produced in the Earth's core, and interplanetary space populated by the plasma emitted from the Sun called the solar wind. It is well known that the position of this boundary is defined by the balance of the pressures from b...

When the supersonic solar wind encounters the Earth's magnetosphere a shock, called bow shock, is formed and the plasma is decelerated and thermalized in the magnetosheath downstream from the shock. Sometimes, however, due to discontinuities in the solar wind, bow shock ripples or ionized dust clouds carried by the solar wind, high speed jets (HSJs...

The magnetic structure and topology of the three-dimensional magnetic reconnection region are significantly dynamic and complex. Small-scale flux ropes and magnetic null points are frequently detected in the reconnection outflow region and diffusion region due to the increased in situ measurements at high temporal cadences. Previous studies have de...

This paper addresses the fundamental science question: "How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth's magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed?". We need to understand how the Sun creates the heliosphere, and how the planets interact with the solar wind and its magnetic field, not just as a matter of scientific curiosity, but to add...

We use both solar wind observations and empirical magnetopause models to reconstruct time series of the magnetopause standoff distance for nearly five solar cycles. Since the average annual interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz is about zero, and the annual IMF cone angle varies between 54.0° and 61.2°, the magnetopause standoff distance on this t...

This paper addresses the fundamental science question: "How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth's magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed?". We need to understand how the Sun creates the heliosphere, and how the planets interact with the solar wind and its magnetic field, not just as a matter of scientific curiosity, but to add...

Magnetic null points and flux ropes play important roles in the three-dimensional process of magnetic reconnection. In this study, a cluster of null points are reconstructed in the reconnection region in the magnetotail by applying a fitting-reconstruction method to measurements from the Cluster mission. The number of reconstructed null points vari...

Signatures of secondary islands are frequently observed in the magnetic reconnection regions of magnetotail plasmas. In this paper, magnetic structures with the secondary-island signatures observed by Cluster are reassembled by a fitting-reconstruction method. The results show three-dimensionally that a secondary island event can manifest the flux...

During a one-hour interval of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B z ≈0nT, the equatorial spacecraft Double Star TC-1 encountered the dawn flank magnetopause many times at the magnetic local time (MLT) of about 08:00 and the latitude of about -27°. During each encounter, reconnection jets were observed with their velocities up to more than 500km/s...

We show for the first time, with direct, multispacecraft calculations of electric current density, and other methods, matched signatures of field-aligned currents (FACs) sampled simultaneously near the ionosphere at low (~500 km altitude) orbit and in the magnetosphere at medium (~2.5 RE altitude) orbits using a particular Swarm and Cluster conjunc...

The imminent launch of the 3 Swarm spacecraft into low, polar Earth orbits; the planned coordination of Swarm with the 4 Cluster spacecraft through joint operations, and the further possible coordination with the recently launched 2 spacecraft RBSP mission, provides an unprecedented, distributed space dataset of 'clustered' multi-point measurements...

The Plasma Electron and Current Experiment (PEACE) instruments operate on all four of the Cluster spacecraft and measure the 3-D velocity distribution of electrons in the energy range from 0.59 eV to 26.4 keV during each spacecraft spin. Pitch angle distributions and moments of the velocity distribution are also produced. As the mission has progres...

The Plasma Electron and Current Experiment (PEACE) instruments operate on all four of the Cluster spacecraft and measure the 3-D velocity distribution of electrons in the energy range from 0.59 eV to 26.4 keV during each spacecraft spin. Pitch angle distributions and moments of the velocity distribution are also produced. As the mission progresses...

[1] Flux transfer events (FTEs) are magnetic flux ropes formed at planetary magnetopauses (MPs). Although evidence suggests that FTEs form through time-dependent magnetic reconnection, details of that process and 3D structure of the flux ropes remain largely unclear. This letter presents Double Star/TC-1 data of an FTE occurred on 7 April 2004 whic...

On 14 June 2007, four Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft observed a flux transfer event (FTE) on the dayside magnetopause, which has been previously proved to be generated by multiple, sequential X-line reconnection (MSXR) in a 2-D context. This paper reports a further study of the MSXR event to show the...

It is widely accepted that the magnetic flux transfer events (FTEs) form a channel between the magnetosphere and magnetosheath to allow transport of solar wind plasma and energy into geospace. On June 14, 2007 four THEMIS spacecraft observed a FTE on the dayside magnetopause which has been previously interpreted as a reconnected flux rope, generate...

Recent investigations have renewed the debate on the occurrence and location of magnetic reconnection (MR) on the Earth's dayside magnetopause, where evidence exists for predominantly component driven X-line regions, independent of guide field conditions, and extending across a wide range of preferred, and often multiple, locations. Recent findings...

The in-situ ring current (RC) morphology and dynamics, and the role and operation of the (region 2) field aligned currents (FACs), which are understood to connect from the ring current and close through the ionosphere, forms the dominant external influence on the measured Geomagnetic field. Furthermore, the widely used Dst index is often not good i...

We report a clear transition through a reconnection layer at the low-latitude magnetopause which shows a complete traversal across all reconnected field lines during northwestward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The associated plasma populations confirm details of the electron and ion mixing and the time history and acceleration thr...

1] We report a clear transition through a reconnection layer at the low-latitude magnetopause which shows a complete traversal across all reconnected field lines during northwestward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The associated plasma populations confirm details of the electron and ion mixing and the time history and acceleration...

The Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) can drive waves at the magnetopause. These waves can grow to form rolled-up vortices and facilitate transfer of plasma into the magnetosphere. To investigate the persistence and frequency of such waves at the magnetopause we have carried out a survey of all Double Star 1 magnetopause crossings, using a combina...

A number of backscatter power enhancement events with “equatorward-moving radar auroral forms” in the high-latitude ionosphere were observed by SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar when the IMF was northward during 09:00–10:00 UT on 26 March 2004. These events were also associated with sunward flow enhancements at each location in the Northern Hemispher...

The combined magnetic effect of the Earth's ring current (RC), the system of connecting field aligned currents (FACs) and the ionospheric polar currents, forms the dominant external influence on the measured Geomagnetic field. These induced magnetic signals have significant effect at low Earth orbit (LEO), and will be surveyed by the three Swarm sp...

The Kelvin Helmholtz Instability can drive waves at the magnetopause. These waves can grow to form rolled up vortices and facilitate transfer of plasma into the magnetosphere. Using a method previously presented by Hasegawa et al., 2006, we present a survey of all Double Star 1 magnetopause crossings that display characteristics of rolled up vortic...

A number of flux transfer events (FTEs) were observed between 09:00 and 12:00 UT on 11 February 2004, during southward and dawnward IMF, while the Cluster spacecraft array moved outbound through the northern, high-altitude cusp and dayside high-latitude boundary layer, and the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft was crossing the dayside low-latitude magnet...

During April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 +...

This paper investigates the structure of the magnetic field near the magnetopause (MP) by analyzing the multiple-point magnetic measurements from the Cluster mission. In this paper, the spatial distribution of the curvature radius of the MP surface at the noon-midnight meridian and for situations with moderate dynamical pressure of solar wind is im...

A study of the interaction of solar wind magnetic field rotations with the Earth's magnetosphere is performed. For this event there is, for the first time, a full coverage over the dayside magnetosphere with multiple (multi)spacecraft missions from dawn to dusk, combined with ground magnetometers, radar and an auroral camera, this gives a unique co...

The extent of where magnetic reconnection (MR), the dominant process responsible for energy and plasma transport into the magnetosphere, operates across Earth's dayside magnetopause has previously been only indirectly shown by observations. We report the first direct evidence of X-line structure resulting from the operation of MR at each of two wid...

We study several high kinetic energy density jets observed during a traversal of the dayside magnetosheath by the Cluster spacecraft on March 17, 2001, at various distances from the magnetopause, generally characterised by anomalously high values of the local magnetosonic Mach number. We concentrate on two jets observed just outside the magnetopaus...

Previous theoretical and simulation studies have suggested that the anti-parallel and component reconnection can occur simultaneously on the dayside magnetopause. Certain observations have also been reported to support global conjunct pattern of magnetic reconnection. Here, we show direct evidence for the conjunction of anti-parallel and component...

During April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 +...

The Kelvin Helmholtz Instability can drive waves at the magnetopause. These waves can grow to form rolled up vortices and facilitate transfer of plasma into the magnetosphere. We use single spacecraft measurements from the Double Star one spacecraft to identify rolled up vortices and present their local time distribution. This work is being carried...

While the Cluster spacecraft were located near the high-latitude magnetopause, between 1010 and 1040 UT on 16 January 2004, three typical flux transfer event (FTE) signatures were observed. During this interval, simultaneous and conjugated all-sky camera measurements, recorded at Yellow River Station, Svalbard, are available at 630.0 and 557.7 nm t...

Magnetic flux transfer events (FTEs) are signatures of unsteady magnetic reconnection, often observed at planetary magnetopauses. Their generation mechanism, a key ingre- dient determining how they regulate the transfer of solar wind energy into magnetospheres, is still largely unknown. We report THEMIS spacecraft observations on 2007‐06‐14 of an F...

Using coordinated observations from the Cluster, DMSP and ESR radar, high-altitude cusp was investigated for a time period characterized by four fast reversals of the IMF B Z. On February 12, 2003, Cluster was flying sunward at duskside over the Northern Hemisphere, across the high-altitude northern cusp twice. Both the two crossings are during ste...

During a long lasting period of northward interplanetary magnetic field and high solar wind speed (above 700 km/s), the Cluster spacecraft go across a number of very large rolled-up Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) vortices at the dusk magnetopause, close to the terminator. The peculiarity of the present event is a particular sequence of ions and electrons di...

Previous studies have shown frequent occurrence of compressional ULF waves with frequencies in the PC 5 range in the dusk side of the magnetosphere, from a distance of about 8 RE up to the magnetopause. These waves propagate sunward and towards the magnetopause with very low speeds in the plasma frame. Plasmaspheric plumes, extensions from the plas...

Cluster, Double Star and THEMIS close conjunctions at the magnetopause allow exploration of the conjugate response of the dayside magnetopause on the dawn/dusk flanks. In particular, during the April to July 2007 epoch, the array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10,000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high...

We use a special conjuntion of several satellites (ACE, Wind, Cluster, THEMIS, Geotail and DoubleStar) and ground based magnetometers and cameras, on 14 June 2007, to follow ro-tational magnetic structures from the solar wind, via amplification through the bow shock, motion of the magnetopause and signatures on the ground. The structures crossing t...

The nature of the interaction of the solar wind and associated magnetic field benefits from simultaneous coverage over a range of different magnetopause sites. We consider Cluster, Double Star and THEMIS conjunctions which allow exploration of the conjugate response of the dayside magnetopause and dawn/dusk flanks. In particular, during the April t...

We report THEMIS spacecraft observations on 11 July 2008 (near solstice) when, under extended northward IMF conditions, southward flows of magnetosheath plasma from reconnection poleward of the northern cusp were detected simultaneously at longitudinally as well as radially separated points earthward of the dayside low-latitude magnetopause [Hasega...

When the solar wind Mach number is low, typically such as in magnetic clouds, the physics of the bow shock leads to a downstream ion-to-electron temperature ratio that can be notably lower than usual. We utilize this property to trace solar wind plasma entry into the magnetosphere by use of Cluster measurements in the vicinity of the dusk magnetopa...

In recent years, a large number of papers have reported the response of the cusp to solar wind variations under conditions of northward or southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Z-component ( B_Z ). These studies have shown the importance of both temporal and spatial factors in determining the extent and morphology of the cusp and...

By analyzing hot ion and electron parameters together with magnetic field measurements from Cluster, an event of magnetopause crossing of the spacecraft has been investigated. At the latitude of about 40° and magnetic local time (MLT) of 13:20 during the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), a transition layer was observed, with the magnet...

Reconnection is considered as the dominant mechanism of the solar wind transport into magnetosphere. Here, two cases under southward and northward IMF respectively are analyzed, with the results as follows: Firstly, by analyzing measurements from Cluster, an event of magnetopause crossing has been investigated. At the latitude of about 40

The temporal evolution of the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) is investigated using the Doppler velocity observations by the Unwin HF radar in conjunction with the simultaneously observed auroral luminosity and plasma convection reversal regions. The event under study of 14 December 2004, 1000-1600 UT, occurred during geomagnetically quiet co...

During conditions of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the near-tail plasma sheet is known to become denser and cooler, and is described as the cold-dense plasma sheet (CDPS). While its source is likely the solar wind, the prominent penetration mechanisms are less clear. The two main candidates are solar wind direct capture via double...

In this poster we describe observations from Saturn's southern polar cusp taken by the Cassini spacecraft in January and February 2007. A total of seven cusps were observed in a total of three orbits of the spacecraft. Two of these cusps contained evidence of significant plasma acceleration and heating and associated diamagnetic effects. Double cus...

We report on a multispacecraft cusp observation lasting more than 100 min. We determine the cusp boundary motion and reveal the effect on the cusp size of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changing from southward to northward. The cusp shrinks at the beginning of the IMF rotation and it reexpands at the rate of 0.40° invariant latitude per ho...

1] We present a comparison of two events, monitored by the Double Star and Cluster spacecraft at separate locations on the dayside magnetopause, which exhibit distinct properties at high and low latitudes in the magnetopause boundary layer during the occurrence of low-latitude reconnection. On 6 April 2004, the four Cluster and TC-1 spacecraft were...

We present results of a favorable conjunction where the equatorial spacecraft (TC-1) of the Double Star mission exits the dayside magnetopause near the equator, while Cluster is inbound, near the southern cusp. This configuration makes it possible to compare observations of the magnetopause, around the same magnetic local time but at different lati...

On 28 February 2004 the configuration of the Cluster and Double Star TC1 satellites facilitated a simultaneous study of plasma properties inside the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) near the subsolar magnetopause and inside the midaltitude cusp during an interval with strong northward IMF. TC1, crossing the dayside magnetopause, observed a comple...

This paper has been withdrawn by the author since it has been accepted for publishing in J. Geophys. Res. Please contact the American Geophysical Union for the refereed article.

This paper analyzes the simultaneous observations of the Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM) and Plasma Electron and Current Experiment (PEACE) on Cluster Spacecraft, and the CUTLASS Finland radar between 11:00 and 11:40 UT on 11 February 2004. In this interval, the Cluster spacecraft array encountered the northern hemisphere high altitude cusp, and cross...