Yuichi Furukawa

Chuo University · Department of Economics

Technological leadership has shifted at various times from one country to another. We propose a mechanism that explains this perpetual cycle of technological leapfrogging in a two-country model including the dynamic optimization of an infinitely lived consumer. In the model, each country accumulates knowledge stock over time because of domestic inn...

In his previous work, Yano defined market quality as a market performance measure combining efficiency and fairness. His theory states that market quality is supported by well-coordinated market infrastructure, including laws, rules, and compliance as well as more basic factors such as culture, morals, and ethics. Focusing on the free-riding aspect...

In this study, we explore the effects of a change in unskilled labor in China on the direction of innovation in the US by incorporating production offshoring into a North-South model of directed technical change. We find that intellectual property rights (IPRs) and offshoring are different ways for the labor endowment of the South to affect the siz...

This paper uses a variety expansion model of endogenous growth to examine the effect of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on economic growth in a closed economy. Most of the studies in the literature show that, in closed economies, enhancing the protection of IPR increases the expected duration of monopoly and the associated incentive t...

This study develops a new dynamic general equilibrium model to explore the role of people’s love of novelty as a cultural preference in innovation and innovation-based growth. The model considers (a) an infinitely lived representative consumer who has standard love-of-variety preferences for differentiated products and additional love-of-novelty pr...

Since the 1760s, at least three industrial revolutions have occurred. To explain this phenomenon, we introduce two-dimensional (2D) constrained chaos. Using a model of innovation dynamics, we show that an industrial-revolution-like technology burst, driven by investment/saving motives for R&D activities, recurs about every one hundred years if the...

This study introduces automation into a Schumpeterian growth model to explore the effects of R&D and automation subsidies. R&D subsidy increases innovation and growth but decreases the share of automated industries and the degree of capital intensity in the aggregate production function. Automation subsidy has the opposite effects on these macroeco...

This study explores how the rent-seeking behavior of the government may impede economic development and delay industrialization. Introducing a rent-seeking government to a Schumpeterian growth model that features endogenous takeoff, we find that a more self-interested government engages in more rent-seeking taxation, which delays the economy’s tran...

This study explores the dynamic effects of patent policy on innovation and income inequality in a Schumpeterian growth model with endogenous market structure and heterogeneous households. We find that strengthening patent protection has a positive effect on economic growth and a positive or an inverted-U effect on income inequality when the number...

This study explores the heterogeneous effects of minimum wage on innovation of different types of firms. We develop an open‐economy R&D‐based growth model and obtain the following result: raising the minimum wage reduces innovation of firms that use domestic inputs but increases innovation of firms that import foreign inputs. We test this result us...

This study explores the long‐run relationship between inflation and unemployment in a monetary Schumpeterian growth model with matching frictions in the labor market and cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraints on consumption and R&D investment. Under the CIA constraint on R&D, higher inflation that raises the opportunity cost of cash holdings leads to a...

We examine the country-level relationship between novelty-seeking traits and applied research activities. Using DRD4 exon III allele frequencies (DRD4) to proxy for the former and per capita patent applications and grants to proxy for the latter, we find a negative relationship between the two. Our results complement the findings of recent studies...

The paper considers an open rural region of a developed country with two sectors, an environmentally sensitive agricultural industry and locally operated tourism that generates pollution. We find that if the representative resident’s preference for environmentally friendly tourism services is low, the introduction of additional capital, labor, and...

This study develops a monetary Schumpeterian growth model with heterogeneous households and heterogeneous firms to explore the effects of inflation on innovation and income inequality. Household heterogeneity arises from an unequal distribution of wealth. Firm heterogeneity arises from random quality improvements. Under endogenous firm entry, infla...

This study analyzes how inflation affects innovation and international technology transfer via cash‐in‐advance constraints on R&D. We consider a North–South quality‐ladder model that features innovative Northern R&D and adaptive Southern R&D. We find that higher Southern inflation causes a permanent decrease in technology transfer, a permanent incr...

This study develops a Schumpeterian growth model with endogenous entry of heterogeneous firms to analyze the effects of monetary policy on economic growth via a cash-in-advance constraint on R&D investment. Our results can be summarized as follows. In the special case of a zero entry cost, an increase in the nominal interest rate decreases R&D, the...

This study explores the implications of education preference in an innovation-driven growth model that features an interaction between endogenous technological progress and human capital accumulation. Parents invest in children’s education partly due to the preference for their children to be educated. We consider a preference parameter that measur...

This study explores the different implications of patent breadth and R&D subsidies on economic growth and endogenous market structure in a Schumpeterian growth model. We find that when the number of firms is fixed in the short run, patent breadth and R&D subsidies serve to increase economic growth as in previous studies. However, when market struct...

This study explores the macroeconomic effects of labor unions in a two-country R&D-based growth model in which the market size of each country determines the incentives for innovation. We find that an increase in the bargaining power of a wage-oriented union leads to a decrease in employment in the domestic economy. This result has two important im...

By allowing for investment activities by research and development (R&D) firms to prevent product obsolescence, we show that if legal patent protection is too strong, a higher R&D subsidy rate delivers insufficient investments for survival in the R&D sector, depressing innovation and growth in the long run.

This study develops an R&D-based growth model with basic and applied research to analyze the growth and welfare effects of two patent instruments (a) the patentability of basic R&D and (b) the division of profi…t between basic and applied researchers. We …find that for the purpose of stimulating basic R&D and economic growth simultaneously, increas...

This letter explores the different implications of patent breadth and R&D subsidies on economic growth and endogenous market structure in a Schumpeterian model. We find that the two policy instruments have the same positive effect on economic growth when the model exhibits scale effects under a fixed number of firms. When the model becomes scale-in...

In this study, we analyze the effects of labor shortage in China on the direction of innovation in the US by incorporating production offshoring into a North-South model of directed technical change. We find that if offshoring is present (absent) in equilibrium, then a decrease (an increase) in unskilled labor in the South would lead to skill-biase...

This paper shows in an endogenous growth model without scale effects that the relationship between intellectual property protection and innovation can be inverted-U-shaped. The inverted-U relationship emerges from an interaction between learning-driven and R&D-driven technological advances.

A special characteristic of the patent system is that it features multiple patent-policy levers that can be employed by policymakers. In this study, we develop a quality-ladder model to analyze the optimal mix of patent instruments. Specifically, we consider (a) patent breadth and (b) the division of profit in research joint ventures. We analytical...

This study investigates the observability of chaotic economic dynamics in the Matsuyama model of endogenous growth with innovation and capital accumulation. We demonstrate that the Matsuyama system can be an ergodic chaos for a wide range of parameter values; as is well known, in an ergodic chaos, chaotic behavior is observable for almost every ini...

By incorporating endogenous selection of appropriability regimes into a North–South product-cycle model, this paper finds that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intellectual property rights protection in developing countries and innovation in developed countries.

I study the determinants of global R&D collaboration in a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous innovation by researchers from two regions: one more innovative, and the other less innovative. The extent of global R&D collaboration is found to depend on the size of global and local markets. Globalization through the entry of new, less in...

In this paper, I demonstrate that an expanding variety model of endogenous growth with temporary monopoly power exhibits the indeterminacy of equilibrium paths. This implies the existence of a global range of initial growth rates for any initial level of the state variable.

This paper uses a variety expansion growth model to show that an economy with a time lag between innovation and widespread use of the new product can experience growth cycles. By allowing the diffusion of innovation, the economy can exhibit period-by-period indeterminacy of expectations. If agents expect that high investment and rapid growth will t...

We develop a product cycle that is much more akin to Vernon's original vision of the product cycle, in which standardization of production techniques is required for the international transfer of technology to the developing South. We show that, since stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) encourages standardization and thus technology transfe...