Young-Tae Chang

• Inha University

In the complex network of international trade, ports act as critical nodes facilitating the smooth movement of goods. The efficiency of port operations, particularly the estimation of vessel waiting times, has significant implications for various stakeholders. This study aims to improve vessel waiting time predictions, addressing critical gaps in p...

Previous studies on port environmental efficiency using DEA tended to be biased due to two main sources: (1) erroneous disposability assumption between desirable and undesirable outputs and (2) ignorance of data sampling bias. This study developed a robust novel methodology for measuring environmental efficiencies to correct for both estimation bia...

This study evaluates the bias-corrected airport efficiency by employing a slacks-based measurement-data envelopment analysis model with a bootstrapping technique. The impacts of airport efficiency on bilateral passenger traffic and freight volume are then assessed by developing a novel robust gravity model incorporating multilateral resistance (MR)...

This study presents a new meta-regression method for integrating efficiency studies. A re-examination of the effects of time-related and locational factors on port efficiency is conducted. Empirical results verify that port efficiency first increased, then decreased, within the study period. Seaports located along important shipping routes and in e...

The transportation sector is under high pressure to reduce their carbon emissions. Emission trading is widely used as a market-oriented policy instrument to reduce emissions and increase social and economic benefits. The present study introduces a new model for estimating the potential gains of CO2 emission trading for China’s transportation sector...

This study examines the optimal emission control at two competing public ports. We first develop a two-stage duopoly model in which governments determine the emission standard that restrains shipping operators’ fuel quality and ports are involved in price competition, taking the emission standards as given. Then, non-cooperative and cooperative emi...

Sea transport is the backbone of international trade and economy. According to the UNCTAD, maritime transport accounts for about 80 percent of world trade volume, an enormous amount handled daily by ports worldwide. The relationship between port infrastructure and international trade is linked inextricably since ports remain the main gateway for in...

This article examines such port competitiveness from the perspective of port efficiency and supply chains. Specifically, studies are examined that investigate port competitiveness from the traditional perspective and from the chain perspective. In doing so, methodological problems of the literature in investigating port competitiveness are deduced.

To reduce waste discharge, China’s industrial system has been divided into stages of clean production (CP) and waste treatment (WT). Based on the conceptual framework of this industrial two-stage system, this study develops two network slacks-based measure models to evaluate the efficiency of this system from the perspectives of outside peers and i...

This study determines the top fifty authors in China and their university affiliations in the maritime transportation field, compared to their world ranking. We refer to China in the broad sense of the Chinese economies, including not only mainland China and Hong Kong, but also Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) and Singapore. This study analyzes sixty-five S...

We lost one of the great maritime scholars in 2017—Professor Richard Goss, who is considered one of the founders of maritime economics. He was a pioneer and a most influential leader in establishing the discipline of maritime economics worldwide. This paper revisits his research by examining major issues and assessing his arguments by surveying emp...

Recent trends in regulating maritime vessel emissions have negative effects on the competitiveness of many ports as regulations increase costs for shipping operators calling the ports. This paper develops analytical models to examine the emission standards set by governments for ports in their jurisdictions. Given the emission standards set by gove...

Previous studies have not considered one important aspect of port efficiency; seaports in different groups operate under different technologies. This study examines the technical efficiency (TE) of 43 ports in Vietnam and their influential factors using metafrontier analysis. The results show that cargo handling facilities and information technolog...

Ports in the European Union and North America have enforced environmental regulations on controlling SOx and NOx emissions from ships in their coastal areas known as Emission Control Areas (ECAs). This study uses two-stage approaches to examine whether ECA regulations impact the efficiency of ports operating in such areas. First, port efficiencies...

This paper examines the top 50 authors, affiliations, and countries in the maritime transportation field. The analysis covers articles published in 65 journals in maritime and transportation. Three indicators are used for ranking: number of papers, the weighted score that reflects the contribution of the authors, and the impact score which consider...

The primary objective of this study is to provide an empirical research using structural equation modeling to identify the factors that motivate shipping firms to adopt green shipping practices (GSP). Furthermore, it also examines if adopting GSP can enhance the shipping firms’ environmental and productivity performance. The findings show that ship...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test a new theory called the balanced theory of port competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from multiple respondents in 72 of the largest container ports. The instrument was translated into English, Simplified Chinese, Korean, and French. The data were collected throu...

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox pr...

Ports create harmful effects on their adjacent population because ships discharge noxious gases like SO X , NO X , and particulate matter (PM). To tackle this problem, some ports started to control emission through regulations such as Emission Control Areas (ECA) and Reduced Speed Zone (RSZ). This paper estimates the social cost of ship emission an...

This article analyzes the carbon efficiency of the transportation sectors in China and Korea. It also investigates the effect of environmental regulations on efficiency and the opportunity costs of complying with these regulations. The main methodology employed is the Slacks-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA). The results show that K...

Supply chains can be vulnerable to sudden disruptions, especially when it emphasizes efficient operation. In this regard, supply chain resilience (SCR) has received attention recently to cope with disruptions and improve competitiveness. This paper presents a novel methodology to measure resilience between different configurations of a supply chain...

The concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) is still in its infancy and has been implemented only to a limited extent. Strategic orientation is an important factor affecting its implementation. No reliable and valid strategic orientation construct has been developed for greening a supply chain. This study proposes closed-loop orientation (C...

Three major cruise lines account for 82% of the total market share. Their financial statements show different results between the operating incomes and net incomes over time. To examine the major causes of the differences, this study measured the efficiency of the top three cruise lines to develop a network DEA model to analyze the cruise operation...

Numerous countries have implemented or are considering a range of policies to lower emissions from transportation. An analysis of the impacts of environmental regulation is a crucial issue, which has not been properly highlighted in the transportation literature, particularly in terms of the foregone output by such regulation. This study develops a...

Due to weakening demand since the 2008 global recession, ports have had to reconsider how to compete differently to attract new business and new investors. Extant literature mainly focuses on either customer competitiveness or investor competitiveness. This study develops a new model of port competitiveness that simultaneously considers the effect...

Reduced-speed zones (RSZs) have been designated across the world to control emissions from ships and prevent mammal strikes. While some studies have examined the effectiveness of speed reduction on emissions and mammal preservation, few have analyzed the effects of reduced ship speed on vessel safety. Those few studies have not yet measured the rel...

Contemporary ports are required to operate their ports more environmentally friendly due to increasing awareness and concerns of their stakeholders arising from global warming and climate change issues. Therefore, more ports are investing in environmental facilities to respond to the needs and concerns of their stakeholders. Many countries, regions...

This study presents a methodology to develop finely resolved population health exposure metrics from vehicular emissions and to estimate their corresponding monetary values. The US Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory models, namely MOVES and AERMOD models, are employed for estimating traffic related particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and...

This study presents a methodology to develop finely resolved health exposure metrics from vehicular emissions and to estimate their corresponding monetary values. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s regulatory models, namely MOVES and AERMOD models are employed for estimating traffic related particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and near-road...

Due to weakening demand since the 2008 global recession, ports have had to reconsider how to compete differently to attract new business and new investors. Extant literature mainly focuses on either customer competitiveness or investor competitiveness. This study develops a new model of port competitiveness that simultaneously considers the effect...

No studies have been conducted on cruise traveler expectations for a port of call in Asia. Current literature on general tourism shows that the research to measure traveler satisfaction is divided into two dominant approaches, the disconfirmation model, based on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm, and the perceptions-only model. However, previ...

number of variables of a chosen sample, and it is unable to account for their random nature. Standard DEA can exhibit statistical inconsistency, biased results, and an arguable inference process. Thus, in this study, an efficiency evaluation method is used to overcome these limitations, especially since no studies of port efficiency have addressed...

Asian countries are witnessing a newly emerging cruise industry. This study presents a methodology for estimating various aspects of the cruise industry’s economic impact using regional input–output (I-O) analysis. The methodology is applied to a study of the Port of Incheon (POI) that highlights the effects on both the regional and national econom...

This study investigates the effect on airport productive efficiency of two major funding sources used by US airports, namely the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants and the Passenger Facility Charges (PFC). A two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling approach is employed for this purpose. In the first stage, we estimate airport produc...

This article analyzes an intermodal transportation network for international container cargoes in Korea. The actual transportation situation in Korea is formulated by a linear programming model. The model is validated first by comparing the model output with actual performance, and then the model is extended by incorporating various externalities a...

The port sectors in a country play an important role in its economy. This paper presents an input–output analysis on how the port sectors impact a concerned economy using the South African case. Moreover, this paper reports how a rectangular Supply and Use Table system of national accounts can be converted to a traditional square symmetric matrix t...

This study measures the emissions of noxious gases (NG), such as SO2, NOX and PM, from vessel operations in a potential Emission Control Area in the Port of Incheon, Korea. This paper provides a detailed estimation of NG emissions based on the type of vessel and the movement of the vessel from the moment of its arrival (anchoring and maneuvering to...

This study examined the economic and environmental efficiency of 27 global airlines in 2010. An extended environmental slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis model with the weak disposability assumption was developed to assess the efficiency of the airlines. Asia-based airlines are generally more efficient, followed by European and American...

International shipping is a vital channel linking the world economy, particularly from the perspective of international commodity trade. The recently proposed carbon regulation in international shipping will not only affect the competitiveness of shipping lines, but will also have implications for the global economy. This paper adopts an energy–env...

This paper measures greenhouse gas emissions from port vessel operations by considering the case of Korea’s Port of Incheon. It provides estimates of greenhouse gas emissions based on the type and the movement of a vessel from the moment of its arrival, to its docking, cargo handling, and departure. Taking a bottom-up approach based on individual v...

Numerous studies have analyzed the productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness of ports. However, empirical studies on the environmental efficiency of ports have not yet been carried out, since all previous studies have not considered the undesirable outputs that ports generate, for instance, CO2 emissions. To fill the gap in the literature, the...

Many countries are worried about reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution while increasing the productivity and efficiency of their industries. This study intends to contribute to the literature by proposing a non-radial DEA model with the slacks-based measure (SBM) to analyze the environmental efficiency of China's transportation se...

This paper examines the effect of inter-port competition between two ports by applying a game theoretical approach. We construct a non-cooperative game theoretic model where each port selects port charges strategically in the timing of port capacity investment. We derive the Nash equilibrium and obtain some propositions from the equilibrium. We the...

Studies on port service quality are quite limited and so far no study has yet been done to develop a measurement of port service quality by port service process component from the perspective of the shipping lines. The objective of this study is to develop a measurement of port service quality by port service process component and to evaluate the s...

Port planners have to make decisions on optimal berth capacity for container port development. The main purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to review the current practices adopted by selected major ports in Asia in estimating berth and port capacities in their planning decisions. The other is to suggest a new approach to estimate the optimal c...

This paper provides an algorithm to minimize the fixed ordering, purchase, and inventory-carrying costs associated with bunker fuel together with ship time costs; and environmental costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions. It determines the optimum ship speed, bunkering ports, and amounts of bunker fuel for a given ship’s route. To solve the...

To alleviate harm to the environment, short sea shipping (SSS) is gaining popularity in transportation policy formulation as an alternative transport mode for ecofriendly and cost-efficient transportation. There have been no studies of how to optimize intermodal container movement incorporating environmental aspects into SSS networks. This paper an...

This study explores the main factors considered when shippers and container shipping lines select their import/export and transshipment ports. In the present study, 38 container port selection indices were chosen from the previous research and field interviews. The scores of the 38 items were collected via survey to the three major maritime/port ma...

This study explores the main factors considered when shippers and container shipping lines select their import/export and transshipment ports. In the present study, 38 container port selection indices were chosen from the previous research and field interviews. The scores of the 38 items were collected via survey to the three major maritime/port ma...

The current literature recognizes the relevance of supply chain orientation for ports and terminals. However, there is very little empirical study on the issue, particularly in relation to whether in fact ports are supply chain oriented. This paper contributes to the empirical literature by considering the port of Incheon as a case in point and by...

The objective is to identify the factors affecting shipping companies’ port choice based on a survey to a sample of shipping companies. Six factors were considered relatively important: local cargo volume; terminal handling charge; berth availability; port location; transshipment volume and feeder network. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor...

Countries throughout the world, and especially within Asia, are investing heavily in container port infrastructure in the hopes of capturing a larger share of global shipping activity for their economies. Many existing ports are emphasizing developing the capacity to serve as a hub port, building deepwater berths with large terminals to facilitate...

Port competition attracted much scholarly attention in Northwest Europe during the 1980s. Following the rise of powerful economies in East Asia, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s, port competition has become an important phenomenon with the top five container ports in the world being located in the region. This paper aims to overview major po...

This paper explores the main factors adopted when shippers and shipping companies select their import/export and transshipment ports. In the present study, 38 port selection indices were chosen from the previous research and field interviews. The scores of the 38 items were collected by questionnaire survey to the three major maritime/port market p...

Port dredging to accommodate larger vessels can create substantial national economic benefits. However, how affected individual states fare economically with dredging is often unclear and can be an important issue. The benefits and the costs to Delaware residents of dredging - with the recent proposed deepening of the Delaware Bay and River main fe...

Port dredging to accommodate larger vessels can create substantial national economic benefits. However, how affected individual states fare economically with dredging is often unclear and can be an important issue. The benefits and the costs to Delaware residents of dredging—with the recent proposed deepening of the Delaware Bay and River main fede...

There has been an interesting trend showing that the number of tankers owned by major oil company has been decreasing since the 1980s, while the number of tankers chartered by them is increasing. So do Korea oil refineries in the period 1990s. Therefore, the following question is raised? Why have oil refinery companies, national and international,...

The time cost of ship end cargoes is one of the most important data for decision-making of port investment and operational efficiency. Studies in this area were initiated internationally by Goss and Mann in late 70`s and also done in Korea 10 years ago using the same methodology as Goss. The main purpose of this paper is to revisit to estimate the...

There are considerable economic and political pressures to expand existing and develop new containerports to accommodate the increasing trade of containerized cargoes carried on ever-larger vessels. However, port development involves a major investment and poses many financial, economic, and environmental risks. The major sources of financial risk...

Experimental design in simulation provides an efficient way of economizing simulation runs since a considerable number of simulation runs that originally were planned can be reduced by this approach. This experimental design method is an active area of research together with the output analysis and so no single panacea seems to exist so far. Thus,...

The economic assessment of potential external costs due to port development is considered. The importance of environmental cost estimates in making decisions about port development is outlined. A case study in Rhode Island is used to illustrate quantification of one important environmental issue-the economic cost to commercial and recreational fish...

Pollution from shipping is a major issue in the Straits of Malacca (SOM). Unless appropriate measures are taken, pollution may increase as traffic through the SOM grows. This paper examines alternative mechanisms to finance straits-wide, transboundary measures to prevent or control pollution from shipping in the SOM. Cooperative programs and variou...

Korea may be considered to be in the vanguard of the inexorable shift towards the integrated management of marine and coastal affairs. The Korean Government established the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) on 8 August 1996, integrating the ocean-related functions from ten government authorities in order to ensure consistent and ef...

Korea may be considered to be in the vanguard of the inexorable shift towards the integrated management of marine and coastal affairs. The Korean Government established the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) on 8 August 1996, integrating the ocean-related functions from ten government authorities in order to ensure consistent and ef...

When BIFFEX (Baltic International Freight Futures Exchange) came ijnto existence in 1985, many critics were perssimistic that it would have a successful future. In spite of the eight year's surival of BIFFEX, a recent empirical study shows that BIFFEX is not widely used a s a hedging tool ijn the shipping community, unlike the expectations and reco...

A new concept and technique has been rather recently introduced by Haralambides, who defined risk as the likelihood to lose the investment money. This paper intends to introduce his approach in measuring the risk, practise it with slight modification in methodology and technique and present the results in a easier way using a simulation special lan...