Young Bae

Y. K. Bae Corporation

Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS), an innershell-bound ultra-high-energy molecule, was previously proposed to explain a ∼40% efficiency soft-x-ray generation in ∼0.05 keV/amu nanoparticle impact on solids. Here, the MIMS model has been extended and applied to interpreting the experimental K-shell x-ray satellite spectra for more than 40...

Mastering photon propulsion is proposed to be the key to overcoming the limit of the current propulsion technology based on conventional rocketry and potentially opening a new space era. A perspective on photon propulsion is presented here to elucidate that interstellar manned roundtrip flight could be achievable in a century within a frame of exit...

This research is for generating ultravelocity (v~100km/s) electronically cold plasma jets with much longer duration than that can be generated by high-power pulsed lasers. Such cold plasma jets are suitable to generate compression ionization without over-heating electrons to produce molecular states in ultrahigh pressure plasma, such as Metastable...

The Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) efficiently uses photons as propellant and thus promises to enable innovative space endeavors beyond the reach of propellant-based conventional thrusters. Previously, the proof-of-principle demonstration of PLT used a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) rod gain medium and resulted in the maximum thrus...

Photonic Laser Propulsion offers a thrilling glimpse into the future of sustainable space travel by surveying one of the most significant breakthrough technologies to overcome the limitations of current propulsion systems based on conventional rocketry. Written by the pioneer of PLP, the book strives to establish a strong foundational understandin...

This method video showcases a testbed demonstration for directly measuring the thrust of a Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) using a radiation pressure sensor. The sensor monitors the radiation force, or photonic thrust, exerted on the spacecraft mirror by the recycled laser beam. Notably, a reading of 0.1 gram on the pressure sensor corresponds to a c...

The present paper reports optomechanical and quantum electronical analyses of the mechanism of photonic laser thruster (PLT) in achieving spacecraft velocities on the order of 100 km/s by using macroscale laser-like optical resonators. One remarkable result is that the resonance condition of the PLT optical cavity imposes the magnitude of the dynam...

The video of this presentation can be watched at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRW2JZXA8wg This FISO (Future In-Space Operations Teleconference) presentation is an expansion of a FISO presentation on Photonic Laser Thruster in 2016: Breaking the Tyranny of the Rocket Equation with Photons (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23902.18245). The audio of this pr...

The radiation pressure amplified in optical cavities by circulating laser beams has been applied in optomechanics, gravitational wave detection, and km-sized sparse-aperture space telescopes. Amplified Radiation Pressure Propulsion (ARPP) utilizing passive optical cavities has been researched for several decades to overcome the limit posed by parti...

Using a Voitenko accelerator, a series of experiments were performed with the goal of attaining shock velocities in gases approaching 90 km/s. The basic apparatus comprised a hemispherical bowl filled with a gas at atmospheric pressure; a metal piston across its diameter; and a small bore evacuated shock tube at its apex. The evacuated shock tube w...

Using a Voitenko accelerator [1-3], a series of experiments were performed with the goal of attaining shock velocities in gases approaching 90 km/s. Typically, the basic apparatus comprises a hemispherical bowl filled with a gas at atmospheric pressure; a metal piston across its diameter; and a small bore evacuated shock tube at its apex, Fig. 1. T...

This presentation is on the Photonic Laser Thruster technology to overcome the technological and economic limit posed by conventional rockets based on mass ejection, which is also described as "The tyranny of the rocket equation". It also addresses the technology's potential to impact the future space-bound human activities, which include propellan...

Demonstration of a mN-Class Photonic Laser Thruster Young K. Bae,* Ph.D., Y.K. Bae Corporation, USA Hagop Injeyan, Ph.D., A&I Consulting, USA Jörg Neuhaus, Ph.D., Dausinger + Giesen GmbH, Germany The Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) aims to overcome “the tyranny of the rocket equation,” which implies that the required onboard fuel mass exponentially...

As we know, reaching the outer rim of the solar system in a relatively short period of time is impossible utilizing existing rocket technology. Radically ventured theories such as quantum vacuum propulsion must emerge if we have any desire to truly explore the far reaches of space. New concepts must be explored that may someday enable manned interp...

The Photonic Railway is a permanent energy-efficient transportation structure powered by two key photon propulsion technologies: the Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) by the author and the Beamed-Laser Propulsion (BLP) by Forward. The Photonic Railway is proposed to enable routine interplanetary and interstellar commutes that are beyond the reach of th...

The model of MIMS (Metastable Innershell Molecular State) has been applied to interpreting the Kα X-ray satellite data of target atoms in H+ and He+ ion impact on Al, Ca and Ti targets. The binding energies of the heteronucleus H-K-MIMS (K-shell MIMS formed with H and a target atom) and He-K-MIMS have been obtained. The binding energy trend of the...

This paper reports the discovery of a universal Z2Z2-dependency of the binding energy of the homonucleus K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS: Metastable Innershell Molecular State bound by K-shell electrons), which has been established by analyzing extensive existing experimental data over several decades. An intuitive analytical theory on the K-MIMS has been dev...

The use of nanoparticles as flyers to create shock pressures exceeding 10 TPa and to investigate the matters in planetary or stellar interiors has been pursued by the author for two decades. Previous studies led by the author at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) in 1994 proved that such ultra-strong shocks can be generated with charged bio and water na...

We report creating superradiant quantum nanoplasmas (nanostars) by impacting buckyballs at hypervelocities (v>100 km/s) in an innovative tabletop apparatus. The nanostars are estimated to have ∼10 TPa transient pressures and convert ∼35% of impact energy into soft-X-ray energy. The ultrahigh-efficiency conversion is proposed to result from Dicke Su...

The Photonic Railway is proposed to overcome the limit of the current propulsion technology based on conventional rocketry for interstellar flight and to potentially open a new space era. The photonic railway, which is a permanent energy-efficient transportation structure based on the Beamed-Laser Propulsion (BLP) by Forward and the Photonic Laser...

Traditionally, Directed Energy (DE), especially High Energy Laser (HEL), has mainly been considered for beaming energy or power, however, it can be exploited for beaming momentum as well. The present paper describes an innovative spacecraft maneuvering architecture, Directed Energy Momentum Beaming (DEMB), in which momentum is beamed between two sp...

Traditionally, DE (Directed Energy), especially HEL (High Energy Laser), has mainly been considered for beaming energy or power, however, it can be exploited for beaming momentum as well. The present paper describes an innovative spacecraft maneuvering architecture, Directed Energy Momentum Beaming (DEMB), in which momentum is beamed between two sp...

Cluster–impact nuclear fusion is analyzed via a shock–wave model. We show that shock waves can be generated by clusters. Energy loss mechanisms are considered, and the conditions when they are not negligible are determined. Our theoretical model indicates that shock–wave enhanced fusion temperatures are possible with molecular size clusters impacti...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Anomalous particle detector signals were discovered by the author and his colleagues in systematic experimental studies on hypervelocity (v>100 km∕s, 1-D shock pressure range of 20 Mbar–2 Gbar) impact of nanoparticles, such as water clusters and biomolecules, at Brookhaven National Lab in 1994, but have remained unexplained over a decade. Recently,...

One economically and technologically feasible bedrock structure for constructing large (diameter > 10 m) space telescopes is a segmented or sparse aperture system with subcomponents in precision formation flight. For UV/Visible/IR systems, initial targeting and targeting new objects to establish initial fringes requires the positioning precision to...

We propose that the existence of Metastable innershell molecular state (MIMS) was experimentally discovered by Bae et al. in hypervelocity (v>100 km/s) impact of nanoparticles. The decay of MIMS resulted in the observed intense soft x-rays in the range of 75–100 eV in agreement with Winterberg's recent prediction.

Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) is an innovative photon thruster that amplifies photon thrust by orders of magnitude by exploiting an active resonant optical cavity formed between two mirrors on paired spacecraft. PLT is predicted to be able to provide the thrust to power ratio (T/P) approaching that of conventional thrusters, such as laser ablation...

Photonic Laser Propulsion: Proof-of Concept Demonstration Young K. Bae∗ Bae Institute, Tustin, California 92780 DOI: 10.2514/1.32284 Results of the first demonstration of a subscale Photonic Laser Propulsion engine, Photonic Laser Thruster, PLT, are reported in this Note. Significant thrust was produced by a small laboratory-scale PLT and measured...

We report here the first demonstration of a subscale proof-of-concept Photonic Laser Propulsion (PLP) engine, Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) that generates thrust from direct momentum transfer of photons. Photonic Laser Propulsion (PLP), an innovative photon propulsion concept, overcomes the technological challenges in implementing previously propos...

We present an innovative Photonic Propulsion concept, Photonic Laser Propulsion (PLP), which uses direct momentum transfer of photons for thrust generation, and exploits a novel photon thrust amplification scheme that increases the thrust to power ratio by orders of magnitudes. The amplification is accomplished by trapping or bouncing photons betwe...

This Phase I final report for NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts is on the nano-meter accuracy formation flight method based on photon thrusters (Photonic Laser Thrusters ) and tethers, Photon Tether Formation Flight (PTFF), with the maximum baseline distance over 10 km, and have investigated its feasibility in depth during this project. In addit...

Formation flying of clusters of micro-, nano-and pico-satellites has been recognized to be more affordable, robust and versatile than building a large monolithic satellite in implementing next generation space missions requiring large apertures or large sample collection areas and sophisticated earth imaging/monitoring. We propose a propellant free...

We derive a capture cross section which takes into accounts the effect of evaporative losses. We suggest that the coagulation cross sections measured for van der Waals impurities reflect the mass and energetic stability of the guest cluster, rather than incomplete coagulation of the impurity molecules.

Argon clusters (Ar30-400) produced in a supersonic expansion were doped with water using the pickup method and subsequently electron impact ionized. Charged fragments were detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The intensities of the water-containing fragment peaks (ArnH2O+, n = 4−7) versus water pressure followed Poisson distributions,...

The passivated solid state detector with a 500 A boron doped window was observed to be sensitive to impacts of large (H2O)nH+ (100 < n < 1500) ions and multiply charged macro biomolecular ions accelerated in a 600 kV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator although the ions have isolated atomic ranges smaller than the thickness of the detector window. For bio...

Measurements of the stopping power of large multiply charged ions were made by determining energy losses in thin aluminum films directly coated on solid-state detectors. With initial projectile velocities in the range of (1--5)[times]10[sup 7] cm/sec, the stopping power per amu of albumin (molecular weight [ital M][similar to]66290) and cytochrome...

The large DD-fusion-yield enhancement reported earlier by our group [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1292 (1989); J. Phys. Chem. 94, 7665 (1990)] in the bombardment of deuterated targets by large heavy-water clusters was shown by postacceleration magnetic and electrostatic filtering to be due to small-ion impurities produced in the acceleration column. With t...

Electrospray mass spectra of biopolymeric ions can be used to determine ion masses using secondary electron pulse spectra. Secondary electron yields reflect electronic excitation deposited in a solid target, which is related to the electron density and velocity of projectile ions. Secondary electron pulse spectra provide a fingerprint which measure...

Photoexcitation processes in cold and thermal C60 and C70 molecules in the gas phase were studied. We set up a supersonic beam source of cold fullerenes and use measure the beam energies for helium and krypton as driving gas. We studied thermionic emission from fullerenes following multiphoton pumping using laser pulses of 20 ns, 1 ps, and 150 fs d...

The stability of multiply charged C60 and C70 fullerene ions has been investigated through studies of charge transfer reactions with Cs at 1–2 keV energies. A simple electron impact ion source is used to produce surprisingly intense beams of C2+60, C2+70, C3+60, C3+70, and C4+60. Fragmentation of C3+60 and C4+60 following successive charge transfer...

This paper demonstrates that cluster‐impact fusion can be understood as ‘‘hot fusion’’ on a microscopically small atomic scale. We show that it is improbable to account for the data as an artifact of contamination. By means of theoretical analysis based on a universal scaling equation, our high temperature model is shown to be consistent with the k...

In this chapter, we report on the generation of gram quantities of solid molecular carbon fullerene materials (fullerites) by a modified version of the recently discovered technique of Krätschmer et al.; we used an alternating-current arc instead of resistive heating. The presence of fullerenes in the soot was confirmed by surface analysis using la...

In recent experiments, cluster beams of ≳ 100 keV (D2O)⁺n impacting on deuterated targets produced much higher than expected D – D fusion rates. We present a novel hot plasma shock-wave model for cluster–impact fusion that is capable of explaining and reproducing the known experimental data. We demonstrate that clusters are capable of inducing shoc...

We have investigated deuteron-deuteron fusion induced by impact of (D2O)n+ and (H2O)n+ clusters with n = 1-150 on deuterated polyethylene targets at energies of 135-225 keV. Both the energy dependence and magnitude of the fusion yield measured with (D2O)115+ clusters confirm the results of Beuhler et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 94, 7665 (1990)]. Furthermor...

Pressure dependences of vibrational frequencies were measured for four intramolecular F1u modes of solid C60 at hydrostatic pressures to 3.2 GPa at ambient temperature. The mode Gruneisen parameter of the lowest frequency mode, which is characterized as a radial distortion of the pseudosphere C60 molecule, was shown to be a negative value of -0.036...

A theoretical model is presented for shock-wave cluster impact fusion that can explain and predict DD fusion rates for D2O, H2O, and D cluster beams impacting on deuterated targets, e.g. TiD, (C2D4)n, and ZrD1.65. Two physically reasonable parameters, obtained from one set of data, are used as input in the general theory to provide predictions for...

A high intensity cluster ion source that can be used for various fast beam spectroscopic studies has been constructed and demonstrated. The cluster ions are grown around seed ions that are generated by electron impact ionization of gas very near the exit of the nozzle (∼1 nozzle diameter distance). The generated cluster ions are coaxially focused a...

A photodissociation spectrum of H+5 between 5400 and 10000 cm−1 has been measured by monitoring the H+3 photofragment yield. Four new bands have been observed at 6690, 7130, 7490, and 7770 cm−1, and they are interpreted to be vibrational predissociation bands resulted from excited 2ν2, ν1 + ν2, 2ν1 and 2ν1 + ν8 modes of H+5. The observed bands are...

This report discusses the investigation of a new novel fusion method: the use of deuterium-containing clusters for igniting fusion (cluster-impact fusion, CIF). If CIF becomes practical, the energy density that can be achieved with the DT fuel is 3.4 X 10 to the 14 power J/kg, which is eight orders of magnitude larger than the energy density of LOX...

This report discusses the investigation of a new novel fusion method: the use of deuterium-containing clusters for igniting fusion (cluster-impact fusion, CIF). If CIF becomes practical, the energy density that can be achieved with the DT fuel is 3.4 X 10 to the 14 power J/kg, which is eight orders of magnitude larger than the energy density of LO{...

Pressure dependences of vibrational frequencies were measured for four intramolecular F{sub 1u} modes of solid Cââ at hydrostatic pressures to 3.2 GPa at ambient temperature. The mode Gruenisen parameter of the lowest frequency mode, which is characterized as a radial distortion of the pseudosphere Cââ molecule, was shown to be a negative value of...

We have demonstrated that the production of intense beams of positive hydrogen cluster ions is quite feasible, and should allow their rapid embedment in a H2 matrix. However, stabilization of these species by codeposition of hydrogen cluster anions does not appear to be useful approach, because of the extreme difficulty we have encountered in gener...

It is shown that the study of the negatively charged helium dimer reported by Krishnamurthy and Mathur contains serious errors in both the theoretical interpretation and experimental analysis of this ion.

A bound-free photodissociation of H3(+) was observed, caused by a single-photon absorption from highly excited rovibrational levels of the H3(+) ground state into the continuum of the first-excited singlet electronic state. The apparent threshold energy of the dissociation has been measured to be about 2.5 eV, in agreement with the calculated one b...

We have developed a new cluster ion source that can generate intense beams of metal and semiconductor clusters of a very wide-size range. With the source, we have observed intense beams of carbon clusters with mean cluster sizes of up to 4000 atoms/clusters. However, we have found that for generating small fullerenes, such as C60 and C70, the recen...

We have observed shell structure manifested in the size distributions of various non-metallic cluster ions sequentially grown on seed positive ions generated by electron impact ionization in a pulsed supersonic jet. The data suggest the identification of the core ion and the placement of equivalent ligands about the core during the embryonic stages...

Design principles and initial results are presented for a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer of high collection efficiency (2π sr) and good energy resolution. The instrument duplicates the carefully shaped axially decreasing magnetic field configuration of Kruit and Read [J. Phys. E 16, 313 (1983)], but replaces the high‐field electromagnet cent...

The absolute cross sections for two-electron photoionization have been measured for K- from 70 meV below to 250 meV above the threshold by measuring product K+ ions. To minimize complications from the photodetachment and field ionization, the electric field strength used to separate K+ ions was limited to 300 V/cm, which ionizes only Rydberg neutra...

The energy spectrum from the spin-forbidden electronic autodetachment from the metastable He-2[4Pig] ion has been measured. The single-peaked continuum, resulting from a vertical transition to the repulsive wall of the He2[X1Sigma+g] ground state, has a maximum at 15.70+/-0.15 eV. For a rotationally cool beam, the spectrum is inconsistent with the...

Bound excited states of HeH, formed by electron capture in a beam of 6-keV HeH/sup +/ ions passing through Cs vapor, were observed to undergo both predissociation and radiative dissociation. Measurement of the kinetic energy spectrum of the H-atom products was facilitated by their conversion to H⁻. Transformation of the laboratory energy spectrum...

Bound excited states of HeH, formed by electron capture in a beam of 6-keV HeH+ ions passing through Cs vapor, were observed to undergo both predissociation and radiative dissociation. Measurement of the kinetic energy spectrum of the H-atom products was facilitated by their conversion to H-. Transformation of the laboratory energy spectrum to the...

Autodetachment has been observed in OH− ions that were produced from an H2O+ beam traversing a Cs vapor target, with lifetimes exceeding 10−5 s. Subsequent measurements of two types led to the conclusion that the cause is vibrationally induced autodetachment from excited v″ levels of the OH− electronic ground state. Approximate vibrational autodeta...

Absolute cross sections for Li- photodetachment have been measured near the Li(22P)+εs channel threshold. The energy dependence deviates rapidly from normal Wigner-cusp behavior on each side of threshold. From an analysis of the total cross sections in terms of a two-channel scattering theory that includes the effects of a virtual state, a parametr...

He/sup -/ photodetachment cross sections near the He(2 /sup 3/P) threshold have been measured and analyzed. The data were found to deviate rapidly from the Wigner threshold law because of the strong influence of the nearby /sup 4/P/sup e/ shape resonance. A modified formula has been derived, which accounts for this effect. It successfully fits the...

Total charge-neutralization cross sections have been measured with use of an attenuation method for Li+ ions in the energy range from 1 to 10 keV incident on thin targets of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba vapors. These cross sections exhibit an energy dependence characteristic of asymmetric charge exchange, increasing with collision energy up to a broad maximu...

Total attenuation cross sections have been measured for H+, H2 +, H3 +, and their deuterium analogs, and for N+ and N2 + incident on a Cs target. The experimental conditions were arranged such that single-electron capture was the dominant attenuation mechanism. The energy range investigated for the hydrogen ions was 50–4000 eV, while that for the n...

Total attenuation cross sections have been measured for H/sup +/, H/sub 2/ /sup +/, H/sub 3/ /sup +/, and their deuterium analogs, and for N/sup +/ and N/sub 2/ /sup +/ incident on a Cs target. The experimental conditions were arranged such that single-electron capture was the dominant attenuation mechanism. The energy range investigated for the hy...

Li/sup +/ ions, accelerated to energies between 1 and 20 keV, pass through thick vapor targets of Mg, Sr, and Cs. The ions that emerge into a narrow, forward-directed cone are electrostatically separated into three charge-state components: Li⁻, Li°, and Li/sup +/. The principal results over this energy range are the following: (1) The negative f...

The predicted metastable 4S3/2e Ar- ion has been observed for the first time. It was produced from an Ar+ beam by two-step electron capture in Cs vapor. Decay-rate measurements favor the existence of only one state with a lifetime of 350±150 ns.

A new technique to determine the final states and kinetic energies released in dissociative charge transfer is tested successfully on D2+, D3+, and O2+ in a Cs vapor target. D3+ yields both D+D+D and D+D2 channel, D2+ yields D+D from predissociation of D2(c3Πu) and radiative dissociation of a3Σg +, and the X 2Πg + and a 4Πu states present in O2+ yi...

The existence of the theoretically predicted 2s 2p24Pe metastable Be- ion has been confirmed by experiment. The autodetachment decay rates at several decay times after formation show the presence of more than one substate, with the lifetime of the longest component exceeding 100 mus.

A careful search has been made for H2-, H3-, N-, and N2- ions formed by two-step electron capture, with negative results. These ions, all of which have been reportedly observed, should be most readily produced by this method, yet no convincing trace of any of them was found. The evidence strongly supports the nonexistence of metastable H2- and H3-....

A careful search has been made for H/sub 2/ /sup -/, H/sub 3/ /sup -/, N/sup -/, and N/sub 2/ /sup -/ ions formed by two-step electron capture, with negative results. These ions all of which have been reportedly observed, should be most readily produced by this method, yet no convincing trace of any of them was found. The evidence strongly supports...

A search for H−2, H−3 and other metastable negative ion sources is made. (AIP)

Excited He2(-) molecular ions are produced experimentally and characterized. An He2(+) ion beam is passed through a Cs vapor, producing an excited neutral state by near-resonant charge transfer and then the negative molecular ion, which is investigated as it passes two electrostatic quadrupole deflectors. Two or more configurations of the ion, poss...

The first cross-section measurements have been made for the process hν+He-→He++2e-, from threshold (4.845 eV) to 0.41 eV above, where it attains a value of only 2×10-20 cm2. Details of its energy dependence in this region were obscured by uncertainties due to a large background of He+ ions produced by the photodetachment-photoionization sequence, a...

He exists in a metastable state, (ls2s2p) P, lying 19.74 eV above He(11S), with substate lifetimes of 10–500 μs. Following a preliminary survey of the photodetachment cross section over a range of energies, we have concentrated on a large shape resonance associated with the first excited state of He-, ls2p2p’ 4pe, which recent calculations have fou...

A large resonance in the photodetachment spectrum of metastable He-, which was recently predicted theoretically, has been observed experimentally. Located at 1.2344 eV with a width of 7.0 meV, the detachment cross section reaches a maximum of ∼70 Å2. Its size results from the large oscillator strength associated with the first allowed transition in...

Hodges et al. (1981) made a preliminary survey of the He(-) photodetachment spectrum, using a variety of lasers to make measurements at 15 photon energies between 0.12 and 4 eV. Compton et al. (1980) obtained cross sections between 1.77 and 2.75 eV using a flash-lamp-pumped dye laser. The data obtained by Hodges et al. are compared with the results...

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The excitation of H atom projectiles and dissociation of H(2+) and H(3+) projectiles into the 3p or 3d states of the H atom were measured. The collisional destruction cross section for the n = 3 levels in the energy range between 40 and 120 keV were also measured.

The energy spectrum from the spin-forbidden electronic autodetachment from the metastable Heâ⁻(⁴Pi/sub g/) ion has been measured. The single-peaked continuum, resulting from a vertical transition to the repulsive wall of the Heâ(X¹..sigma../sub g//sup +/) ground state, has a maximum at 15.70 +- 0.15 eV. For a rotationally cool beam, the spectr...

He⁻ exists in a metastable state, (1s2s2p)⁴P /SUP o/, lying 19.74 eV above He(1¹S), with substate lifetimes of 10-500 ..mu..s. Following a preliminary survey of the photodetachment cross section over a range of energies, the authors have concentrated on a large shape resonance associated with the first excited state of He⁻, 1s2p2p' ⁴P /SUP...

A new technique to determine the final states and kinetic energies released in dissociative charge transfer is tested successfully on Dâ /sup +/, Dâ /sup +/, and Oâ /sup +/ in a Cs vapor target. Dâ /sup +/ yields both D+D+D and D+Dâ channels, Dâ /sup +/ yields D+D from predissociation of Dâ(c³Pi/sub u/) and radiative dissociation of a ³..sigma../...

Total attenuation cross sections have been measured for H/sup +/, Hâ /sup +/, Hâ /sup +/, and their deuterium analogs, and for N/sup +/ and Nâ /sup +/ incident on a Cs target. The experimental conditions were arranged such that single-electron capture was the dominant attenuation mechanism. The energy range investigated for the hydrogen ions was 50...