Yoshinari Abe

Tokyo Denki University · Division of Materials Science and Engineering

X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques were applied to two pieces of glass fragments because they are believed to be sampled from two pieces of important glassware, a facet-cut bowl and a deeply-blue colored dish, excavated from Niizawa Senzuka Tumulus No.126, Nara, Japan (late fifth century). Two different provenances were estimated as primary p...

In 1964, a fragment of a colorless facet-cut glass vessel was collected at the Kamigamo Shrine, located in Kyoto, which was the capital city of Japan from late 8th century AD through the mid-19th century AD. X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques were applied to this fragment in a nondestructive manner with the aim of scientific provenancing base...

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 emitted a considerable amount of radioactive materials. This study isolated radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs), a form of radioactive materials emitted from the FDNPP at the early stage of the accident, from aerosols collected hourly on filter tapes at seven monitoring...

The use of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer revealed the provenance of a shard of a relief-cut glass bowl which was dedicated to ancient ritual on the sacred island of Okinoshima, Japan over a thousand years ago. The shard was unearthed from one of the ritual sites on the island in the 1950s and is now designated as a national treasure in...

Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measure the mineralogy, bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. They are mainly composed of materials similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, par...

Nucleosynthetic isotope variations are powerful tracers to determine genetic relationships between meteorites and planetary bodies. They can help to link material collected by space missions to known meteorite groups. The Hayabusa 2 mission returned samples from the Cb‐type asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic characte...

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu...

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu/CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and...

Oxygen 3‐isotope ratios of magnetite and carbonates in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites provide important clues to understanding the evolution of the fluid in the asteroidal parent bodies. We conducted oxygen 3‐isotope analyses of magnetite, dolomite, and breunnerite in two sections of asteroid Ryugu returned samples, A0058 and C0002, usin...

In order to gain insights on the conditions of aqueous alteration on asteroid Ryugu and the origin of water in the outer solar system, we developed the measurement of water content in magnetite at the micrometer scale by secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and determined the H and Si content of coarse‐grained euhedral magnetite grains (polyh...

We report Nd and Sm isotopic compositions of four samples of Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 mission, including “A” (first touchdown) and “C” (second touchdown) samples, and several carbonaceous chondrites to evaluate potential genetic relationships between Ryugu and known chondrite groups and track the cosmic ray exposure history of Ryugu. We reso...

The nucleosynthetic isotope composition of planetary materials provides a record of the heterogeneous distribution of stardust within the early solar system. In 2020 December, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Hayabusa2 spacecraft returned to Earth the first samples of a primitive asteroid, namely, the Cb-type asteroid Ryugu. This provides a u...

Studies of material returned from Cb asteroid Ryugu have revealed considerable mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity, stemming primarily from brecciation and aqueous alteration. Isotopic anomalies could have also been affected by delivery of exogenous clasts and aqueous mobilization of soluble elements. Here, we show that isotopic anomalies for...

We present oxygen isotopic analyses of fragments of the near-Earth C b -type asteroid Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft that reinforce the close correspondence between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Small differences between Ryugu samples and CI chondrites in Δ ′ 17 O can be explained at least in part by contamination of the latter by terrestria...

Journal: Bunkazai Kagaku (Scientific Studies on Cultural Properties)

Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matt...

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft explored asteroid Ryugu and brought its surface materials to Earth. Ryugu samples resemble Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites—the most chemically primitive meteorites—and contain secondary phyllosilicates and carbonates, which are indicative of aqueous alteration. Understanding the conditions (such as temperature, redox state and f...

Rock fragments of the Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned to Earth by the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission share mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic properties with the Ivuna-type (CI) carbonaceous chondrites. Similar to CI chondrites, these fragments underwent extensive aqueous alteration and consist predominantly of hydrous minerals likely formed in the pres...

In ancient times, glass products were not only practical goods but also prized as trading goods for their beauty and rarity. Ancient glassmakers produced colorful glasses using various materials around them. The authors have developed portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers for on-site scientific investigation of cultural heritage and applied the...

The extraterrestrial materials returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu consist predominantly of low-temperature aqueously formed secondary minerals and are chemically and mineralogically similar to CI (Ivuna-type) carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we show that high-temperature anhydrous primary minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites exhibit a bimodal distr...

Initial analyses showed that asteroid Ryugu’s composition is close to CI (Ivuna-like) carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) – the chemically most primitive meteorites, characterized by near-solar abundances for most elements. However, some isotopic signatures (for example, Ti, Cr) overlap with other CC groups, so the details of the link between Ryugu and t...

Little is known about the origin of the spectral diversity of asteroids and what it says about conditions in the protoplanetary disk. Here we show that samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu have Fe isotopic anomalies indistinguishable from Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, which are distinct from all other carbonaceous chondrites. Iron isotopes, t...

We have conducted a NanoSIMS-based search for presolar material in samples recently returned from C-type asteroid Ryugu as part of JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission. We report the detection of all major presolar grain types with O- and C-anomalous isotopic compositions typically identified in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites: 1 silicate, 1 oxide, 1 O-anoma...

We have conducted a NanoSIMS-based search for presolar material in samples recently returned from C-type asteroid Ryugu as part of JAXAʼs Hayabusa2 mission. We report the detection of all major presolar grain types with O-and C-anomalous isotopic compositions typically identified in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites: 1 silicate, 1 oxide, 1 O-anomal...

Journal of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo

All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes as potentiometric ion sensors for the determination of chloride (Cl⁻) or nitrate (NO3⁻) ions were designed by inserting an electrodeposited composite layer consisting of manganese dioxide and poly(allylamine), a polymeric cation, as the inner solid-contact layer between the electrode substrate and poly(vinyl...

In this study, Jomon pottery excavated in Saitama Prefecture was analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction (SR-XRD) and high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analyses (HE-SR-XRF) to reveal the production sites. The compositional data of pottery excavated from each site was compared with the data of Japanese River Sed...

To investigate the chemical compositional features of pigments used in archaeological mural paintings and paintings of art, this paper proposes a semi-quantitative analytical method involving the X-ray fluorescence spectrum obtained by nondestructive and on-site analysis. The method calculates the abundance of elements as weight per unit of area (g...

Bulletin of Ohara Museum of Art ( in Japanese)

Aluminum metal is known to be one of attractive negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of its electrochemical alloying reaction with lithium. We investigate electrochemical properties of bare Al foil, double layered sheet of Al foil and graphite composite layer, and Al powder composite electrodes in non-aqueous Li cell. From...

A total of 212 pieces of glass fragments from Dariali Fort were scientifically analysed and classified into 12 compositional types by means of non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Twenty-eight pieces of plant ash glass and a piece of lead silicate glass were identified as imports, manufactured in Islamic territories, although some fragments...

Researchers in Gyeongju National Museum of Korea and Okayama Orient Museum in Japan conducted a joint research on some important ancient glass vessels and beads housed in Gyeongju National Museum. Abe Yoshinari in Tokyo University of Science and Madoka Murakushi in the University of Tsukuba were in charge of the analysis of chemical compositions on...

The Adoration of the Magi by Benvenuto Tisi (called Il Garofalo) painted in Ferrara, probably in the 1530s and now in Amsterdam, was studied in preparation for the forthcoming comprehensive catalogue of the Rijksmuseum’s Italian paintings. The then considered exceedingly rare pigment known as ‘Egyptian blue’ was identified in all the deep blue area...

Three radioactive microparticles were separated from particles on filter tape samples collected hourly at a suspended particulate matter (SPM) monitoring site located at ∼25 km north of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), after the hydrogen explosion of reactor 1 on 12th March 2011. The ¹³⁴Cs/¹³⁷Cs radioactivity ratios of the three r...

Gemstone Onsite analysis Raman spectroscopy X-ray powder diffraction X-ray fluorescence analysis A B S T R A C T Variscite is a green, lustrous mineral similar to turquoise. While both variscite and turquoise are aluminum-bearing, hydrated phosphate minerals, variscite contains no copper. We applied three kinds of portable analytical instruments to...

A portable spectrometer capable of measuring both an ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-vis) and a fluorescence emission spectrum was developed with the aim of nondestructive onsite analysis of be the cultural heritage and artwork. To demonstrate the availability of the spectrometer, we brought it to Hokusai Museum to carry out the analysis of orig...

Nondestructive X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques were applied to three Shōsōin-style hemispherical facet-cut glass cups from a collection of the Tenri University Sankokan Museum. A the results, it was revealed that two pieces of the cups have a chemical composition typical of natron glass, that is, typical Roman/post-Roman glassware, in cont...

The purpose of the present study is to develop a new method for forensic soil analysis by focusing trace element composition of volcanic glass in a soil determined by LA-ICP-MS. First, we have established the LA-ICP-MS analysis of trace-element compositions of the volcanic glass originated from the typical 8 tephra distributed in Japan. We succeede...

"Copper-red" is a technique used to provide red color by the reduction firing of Cu-bearing glass. To reveal the production techniques of copper-red glass in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia during the second millennium BC, nondestructive X-ray analytical techniques, X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis, were a...

A portable X-ray powder diffractometer (p-XRD) PT-APXRD III has been developed for on-site analysis of paintings and archaeological samples. By using a Cu anode X-ray tube and a silicon drift diode (SDD) detector, diffraction patterns with a high signal-noise (S/N) ratio can be recorded. The X-ray tube can be operated at a maximum voltage of 60 kV,...

We have developed a portable X-ray powder diffractometer suitable for analysis of paintings. The diffractometer is composed of − type goniometer, light weight MAGPROTM X-ray tube and SDD. We can change X-ray tube from Cu to Cr, easily. 60 kV X-ray tube is suitable for XRF analysis utilizing white X-rays from high energy exciting source. Thus, we ca...

Two types of radioactive particles were isolated from environmental samples collected at various distances from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station. “Type A” particles are 2–10 mm in diameter and display characteristic Cs X-ray emissions when analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). “Type B” particles are considerably lar...

Chemical state of cadmium in a hepatopancreas of a scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) was studied by means of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray analytical techniques. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging were used to identify the chemical state and the distribution of cadmium in the hepatopancreas, respectively...

This article examines the morphological and compositional variations of faience objects collected from a number of Indus sites in the Ghaggar Valley. While no clear‐cut variation was observed, the results exhibit homogenous features in the styles and production of faience objects that characterize the Urban and Post‐Urban Indus periods in the Ghagg...

The purpose of the present study is to construct a nation-wide forensic soil database, which allows for the identification of soil evidence based on heavy element and heavy mineral signatures determined by two synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray techniques, i.e., a high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis and a synchrotron-radiati...

For the characterization of Japanese sake, the trace-element composition and isotope ratio of the light elements of the sake (rice wine) were analyzed by means of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry with the aim of chemical characterization of sake related to their origins...

This paper reports on how the application of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) imaging, in combination with the re-examination of existing paint cross-sections, has led to the discovery of a new pigment in Rembrandt’s palette: artificial orpiment. In the NWO Science4Arts ‘ReVisRembrandt’ project, novel chemical imaging techniques are being develope...

Seven radioactive particles were separated from a soil sample collected at the Northwest region of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). It has been pointed out that the soil is contaminated by radioactive materials emitted from reactor 1 of the FDNPP by the accident that occurred in March, 2011. The physical characteristics of these r...

We conducted nondestructive identification and chemical characterization of pigments and mortars of wall paintings in the tomb of Khonsuemheb at al-Khokha Area in the Theban Necropolis by using multiple portable analytical instruments: “portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer”, “portable micro-Raman spectrometer”, “portable ultra-vioret visible ab...

Two synchrotron radiation X-ray analyses, i.e., a high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis and a synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction analysis, were applied to analyze the heavy element and heavy mineral composition of 362 samples of stream sediments collected in the Kyushu region, Japan, to develop a nation-wide fore...

We conducted nondestructive onsite X-ray fluorescence analyses of glass, faience and metal artifacts excavated from an intact multiple burial at Northwest Saqqara with the aim of chemical characterization associated with their provenances. Chemical compositional features of fifty pieces of glass beads analyzed in this study showed an obvious simila...

This paper reports on the behavior of rare-earth elements (REE) in plants studied by LA-ICP-MS. The REE distribution in the leaves of, ‘Athyrium yokoscense ’, could be uccessfully visualized by LA-ICP-MS. The results showed that the LREE and HREE distributions in the leaf of Athyrium yokoscense exhibited two kinds of correlation, depending on the p...

We have started to construct a nationwide forensic soil sediment database for Japan, based on the heavy mineral and trace heavy element compositions of stream sediments collected at 3024 points across Japan. Each sample was measured by high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction (SR-XRD) analysis and high-energy SR X-ray fluoresc...

Nondestructive X-ray analyses were applied to ancient Egyptian copper-red glass artefacts to investigate the coloring mechanism of the glass and relationships between their coloring mechanism and chemical composition. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses revealed that there are two mechanisms of red coloring in ancient Egyptian cop...

We have started to construct a nationwide forensic soil sediment database for Japan, based on the heavy mineral and trace heavy element compositions of stream sediments collected at 3024 points across Japan. The data were measured by high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction (SR-XRD) and high-energy SR X-ray fluorescence analys...

During investigations in the Hittite capital Hattuša the remains of a small, probably village settlement from late antiquity were discovered at various points in the urban area. A necropolis from this epoch is of particular importance. Finds from it as well as finds purchased in the vicinity by the local museum provided the material for archaeometr...

In this article we report a comparative study on excavated objects and artifact from museums to reveal an aspect of ancient trade. The target artifact is Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads excavated from an architectural remain at Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey. Blue glass beads of this type have been excavated in Western Asia from north Iran a...

Non-destructive analyses, i.e. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS), and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), of the pigments used in the wall paintings of the royal tomb of Amenophis III and those remaining on pottery shards were conducted during the third long-term season of the conservation project of the wall pain...

High-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (HE-SR-XRF) has been applied to the provenance study of ancient ceramics. Quantitative analysis of 25 heavy elements (Rb, Sr, Zr, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, Ta, W, Th, U) were successfully carried out by using high-energy Xrays of 116 keV. The concentrations of the heavy elements were analyzed by...

By using a handheld XRF spectrometer, we have conducted on-site analysis of plants and soils to search heavy metal hyper-accumulator plants. As a result of on-site analysis, we have successfully discovered several plants which can highly accumulate Cd, Pb and Zn. This study showed that handheld XRF spectrometer is also useful for in vivo monitoring...