
Yin ParadiesDeakin University · Centre of Citizenship and Globalisation
Yin Paradies
PhD
About
308
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Introduction
Professor of Race Relations, Deakin University, course: tinyurl.com/y8abjs39
Additional affiliations
January 2010 - July 2012
Publications
Publications (308)
Background/Objectives: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Australian state and federal governments enacted boarder closures, social distancing measures, and lockdowns. By the end of October 2020, the 112-day lockdown in the Australian state of Victoria was the longest continuous lockdown period internationally. Previous studies have examined how...
BACKGROUND
Racism arrived in Australia with colonisation and its intentionally oppressive policies and actions towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. To a large extent, the colonial and biomedical agenda are maintained by Australia’s health system that underlies much of the racialised health inequities in the country. Dentistry sign...
Background: Evidence of racism's health harms among children and youth is rapidly increasing, though attention to impacts on physical health and biomarker outcomes is more emergent. We performed a systematic review of recent publications to examine the association between racism and health among children and youth, with a meta-analysis of the speci...
Background
The commercial determinants of health is a rapidly expanding field of research; however Indigenous perspectives remain notably underrepresented. For Indigenous peoples the intersection of globalisation, colonialism and capitalism may amplify commercially-driven health inequities. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Aboriginal...
Background
This study evaluated a research project that provided employment in an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-based setting and supported participants to identify and achieve their goals and aspirations. The evaluation examined changes in personal, relationship, community and cultural strengths and resources and explored empower...
Colonisation, genocide, ecocide, and climate derangement are ongoing, unfurling, global tragedies. In so-called Australia, spiritual practitioners can respond to these crises by deepening their engagement with Aboriginal perspectives/practices. This paper contends that some Eurocentric habitual categorisations subtly misinterpret Aboriginal experie...
Introduction
In September 2017 the Northern Territory Government of Australia introduced a banned drinker register (BDR) to mitigate the high levels of alcohol‐related harm within the Northern Territory. The current study aimed to examine the impact of the Northern Territory BDR on youth (aged <18 years) using police recorded assault data.
Methods...
Background
Indigenous experiences and perspectives of resilience, healing and recovery from trauma is gaining increasing attention, with a growing qualitative literature that spans multiple indigenous cultural groups. However, few quantitative measures are available. In this article, development of a preliminary version of the Aboriginal Resilience...
Background
The commercial determinants of health is a rapidly expanding field of research; however Indigenous perspectives remain notably underrepresented. For Indigenous peoples the intersection of globalisation, colonialism and capitalism may amplify commercially-driven health inequities. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of Aborigi...
This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of Australian news media coverage of commercial industry activities that explicitly speak to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander contexts. We undertook content and framing analysis of Australian newspaper and online media articles published between January 2018 and March 2022 that included terms r...
Background
Little is known about the wellbeing and aspirations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in social housing. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in social housing face common social housing challenges of low income, higher incidence of mental health issues and poorer health along with specific challenge...
In a Kimberley place-based cultural story, Dangaba is a woman whose Country holds poison gas. Her story shows the importance of cultural ways of understanding and caring for Country, especially hazardous places. The authors contrast this with a corporate story of fossil fuel, illustrating the divergent discourses and approaches to place. Indigenous...
Objectives
We investigated the association between urban/rural location and both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes among populations of five West African countries.
Design
Cross-sectional studies, using the WHO Stepwise (STEPs) survey data.
Setting
National representative data of both urban and rural areas from Benin, Burkina Faso,...
Background
The health and wellbeing impacts of commercial activity on Indigenous populations is an emerging field of research. The alcohol industry is a key driver of health and social harms within Australia. In 2016 Woolworths, the largest food and beverage retailer in Australia, proposed to build a Dan Murphy’s alcohol megastore in Darwin, near t...
Objective
Although the prevalence of poor self-rated oral health and experience of negative life events among Indigenous adults is high, the contribution of modifiable risk factors is unknown. We aimed to estimate the contribution of modifiable risk factors in poor self-rated oral health among Indigenous Australian adults with high and low experien...
Racism in the workplace occurs at both the interpersonal and institutional level in terms of prejudiced attitudes and behaviours and avoidable and unfair differences in hiring, retention and opportunities for training and promotion. Many organisations have stated commitments to workforce diversity; however, work-related racism remains the most comm...
Background: The health and wellbeing impacts of commercial activity on Indigenous populations is an emerging field of research. The alcohol industry is a key driver of health and social harms within Australia. In 2016 Woolworths, the largest food and beverage retailer in Australia, proposed to build a Dan Murphy’s alcohol megastore store in Darwin,...
In addition to resilience and resistance, collective and personal experiences of trauma are commonly cited within the context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and other Indigenous First People’s experiences of colonisation. This study investigated whether a range of risk and protective factors, including cultural determinants of social and...
Worldwide, Indigenous youth face ongoing challenges and inequalities. Increasing our understanding of life course patterns in Indigenous youth will assist the design of strategies and interventions that encourage positive development. This study aimed to increase understanding of resilience and positive development in Indigenous and non-Indigenous...
Racism pervasively impacts the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and is a substantial barrier to accessing, engaging and succeeding within secondary education. Cultural resilience and support have been identified as critical to Aboriginal success within racist institutions. However, research examining experiences of racism and...
Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are key determinants of health and equity and must be addressed for improved health outcomes. We conclude that far broader, deeper, transformative action is needed compared with current measures to tackle adverse effects of racism on health. To challenge the structural drivers of racism and xenophobia, anti-ra...
Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the inevitability of increased mortality and morbidity associated with particular ethnicities and minoritised groups. In refuting that racial categories have a genetic basis and a...
Community-based research, which involves working alongside communities, is being increasingly implemented. This paper outlines a protocol developed to explore the impact of involvement by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers and life coaches in a community-based project on their aspirations and wellbeing. The proposed study will implem...
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures include rich music traditions that are an integral part of education. As tertiary educators (Dawn a naturalized Australian, and music educator, and Yin, an Indigenous Australian academic), both based at a Metropolitan university in Melbourne, our chapter focuses opportunities tertiary educators had and...
Introduction:
Health inequity within Indigenous populations is widespread and underpinned by colonialism, dispossession and oppression. Social and cultural determinants of Indigenous health and well-being are well described. Despite emerging literature on the commercial determinants of health, the health and well-being impacts of commercial activi...
The disproportionate burden of mental illness experienced by Indigenous adolescents is well established. Therefore, this review focused on how the well-being of Indigenous adolescents can be better promoted. The review identified studies that examined the relationship between cultural engagement and psychological well-being among Indigenous adolesc...
In Australia, COVID-19 has accelerated the reliance on resiliency as a tool of post-pandemic urban recovery. We draw on critical literature on resilience to examine its use in proposals for urban agriculture in cities after COVID-19. Crucially, we situate the pandemic in a longer history of settler-colonialism, and in the role of agriculture in the...
Globally, there is a recognised need that all populations should be able to access the benefits of genomics and precision medicine. However, achieving this remains constrained by a paucity of data that quantifies access to clinical genomics, particularly amongst Indigenous populations. Using administrative data from clinical genetic health services...
Despite Australia’s and Victoria’s stated commitment to promoting multiculturalism and equality, and to eradicating racism, our knowledge about the nature, extent and impact of different forms of racism on diverse populations is not as well-developed as it should be. Stakeholders addressing racism increasingly recognise that anti-racism initiatives...
Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including among Africans. Knowledge of the association between traditional risk factors and both diabetes and pre-diabetes, and whether these differ by age and sex, is important for designing targeted interventions. Howeve...
Previous studies on the impacts of racism on adolescent development have largely overlooked Indigenous youth. We conducted a scoping review of the empirical literature on racism against Indigenous adolescents to determine the nature and scope of this research and to establish associations with developmental outcomes. Our literature search resulted...
Introduction
The Banned Drinker Register (BDR) was reintroduced in the Northern Territory (NT) in September 2017. The BDR is a supply reduction measure and involves placing people who consume alcohol at harmful levels on a register prohibiting the purchase, possession and consumption of alcohol. The current study aims to evaluate the impacts of the...
Background
Racism has been identified as a major source of injustice and a health burden in Australia and across the world. Despite the surge in Australian quantitative research on the topic, and the increasing recognition of the prevalence and impact of racism in Australian society, the collective evidence base has yet to be comprehensively review...
This study documents evaluation of the Her Tribe and His Tribe Aboriginal-designed empowerment pilot programs. The programs were designed to support Victorian Aboriginal people to strengthen mental health, social and emotional wellbeing, community connection, and to reduce psychological distress. A second aim was to explore participants’ experience...
Although there are widespread concerns about support for political violence among people affiliated with mainstream political parties, this topic remains largely under-researched. This article examines the relationship between the respondents’ support for political violence and their endorsement of social and political positions that are highly div...
Objectives
The global public health community has been slow to acknowledge the important role of discrimination in health inequality. Existing evidence on discrimination is largely based on studies of specific subpopulations and specific forms of discrimination, with limited evidence from general population samples. We assessed the individual and c...
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes Miletus (T2DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including among Africans. Knowledge of the association between risk factors and both diabetes and pre-diabetes, and whether these differ by age and sex, are important for designing targeted interventions. However, little is known...
Patients from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds can experience racism and race-based discrimination in the health system, enduring unfair and inferior treatment that negatively affects physical and mental health and well-being and may, in some cases, lead to premature and avoidable death. Racism within the health system also acts as a deterrent to...
Introduction
The cultural determinants of health centre an Indigenous definition of health, and have been linked to positive health and wellbeing outcomes. There is growing evidence for the importance of the cultural determinants of health; however, to date, no high-level overview of the evidence-base has been provided. Synthesising existing litera...
Globally, there is a recognised need for a greater commitment to an equity agenda in clinical genomics and precision medicine. Fundamental to this, is the equitable access by all to services providing genomic health care. However, achieving this remains constrained by a paucity of evidence that quantifies (in)equity of access to clinical genomics,...
Background
Racism has been identified as a major source of injustice and a health burden in Australia and across the world. Despite the surge in Australian quantitative research on the topic, and the increasing recognition of the prevalence and impact of racism in Australian society, the collective evidence base has yet to be comprehensively review...
Background
Increasingly, strength-based approaches to health and wellbeing interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are being explored. This is a welcome counter to deficit-based initiatives which can represent a non-Indigenous view of outcomes of interest. However, the evidence base is not well developed. This paper pre...
Background
Racism and racial discrimination are fundamental causes and determinants of health and health inequalities globally, with children and adolescents particularly vulnerable. Racial discrimination is a common stressor in the lives of many children and adolescents, with growing evidence of negative associations between racial discrimination...
Introduction:
Globally, Indigenous populations have higher rates of suicidal behavior and psychological distress compared to non-Indigenous populations. Indigenous populations also report high rates of exposure to discrimination, which could potentially contribute to poor mental health outcomes. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the pr...
Racism is a social force that continues to shape Australian society. Data on racism in Australia have grown considerably over the last two decades, but several gaps remain that relate to their collection, analysis, and overall utility. This Issues Paper is informed by an ongoing stocktake review of racism data in Australia, and specifically in Vict...
Background
Religious-based hate crimes are on the rise worldwide. However, the relationship of religious discrimination on health and well-being, especially earlier on the lifecourse, is largely understudied. This study examines the prevalence of religious discrimination and the relationship it has on social-emotional adjustment and sleep outcomes...
This chapter examines the economic causes of racism, as argued by diverse theoretical traditions. Building on the summary of the historical roots of racism provided in the previous chapter, this chapter looks at the neoclassical rational theory explanations of racism, and the interpretation of racial discrimination as a cost minimising and profit m...
This chapter reviews contemporary anti-racism research, strategies and interventions, with a focus on the state of anti-racism in Australia. The chapter discusses the key challenges and progress in tackling racism, evaluates some of the major strategies that have been formulated to date and proposes additional potentially effective strategies. The...
This chapter provides a reflective post-script as a conclusion that connects the various elements of contestation discussed throughout this book. Like many socially constructed beliefs, racism is a potent force with a far-reaching adverse impact on a culturally and racially diverse society. In Australia, the impact of racism goes back to the countr...
This chapter examines the social and economic effects of racism by synthesising empirical findings from cross-disciplinary research on the impact of racism. While Chapter 4 focuses on economic causes of racism based on theoretical synthesis, this chapter focuses on its impact in society. Drawing on current national and local empirical research, it...
This chapter examines the adverse health effects of racism in Australia drawing on a mixed methods study that investigated the impact of racism on the health and wellbeing of young people in Australia. Racism has been widely shown to be a stressor for minority young people across many Western societies. While racism affects all genders and age grou...
This chapter discusses contemporary aspects of institutional racism, examining the systemic structures that perpetuate exclusion and racial inequality, and critically interrogating the policy environment that has shaped the discourse of race relations in Australia. Coined in 1960 by Kwame Ture and Charles Hamilton, institutional racism refers to ra...
This chapter briefly surveys the history of race relations and the political implications of racism in Australia, highlighting the key moments that shaped the place of race in the country’s collective national identity. This includes a discussion on how racism evolved with colonialism in the context of the capitalist demand for labour, and the way...
This chapter examines the prevalence of racism in Australia over the last two decades. It analyses and reviews existing cross-sectional and longitudinal data in light of current theoretical discussions and empirical research that map the state of racism in contemporary Australian society. The aim is to bridge actual or perceived gaps between resear...
This chapter explores how international forces influence race relations in the contemporary Australian nation state. It examines the role of an evolving global security environment on local racial discourse, analysing how episodes of racial strife abroad can have a snowball effect on local racial politics. Racism may be produced locally, but it can...
This chapter examines the role of Australian media in the production, propagation and enactment of racism. It discusses how media racialises particular groups and influences political discourse around immigration policy, diversity and national identity issues. Media plays central role in modern society by setting the agenda for public discourse and...
Background and Aim
Various obesity indices such as BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are associated with the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Given few studies examining the strength of the association in this population, we aimed to identify which obesity indices are most strongly associ...
Introduction
Racism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism....
Living together in culturally plural societies poses numerous challenges for members of ethnocultural groups and for the larger society. An important goal of these societies is to achieve positive intercultural relations among all its peoples. Successful management of these relations depends on many factors including a research-based understanding...
Using data from two studies conducted among diverse undergraduate students, we assessed the scalar structure of the Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS), and developed an abridged version of the instrument. Our findings suggest that the EDS has acceptable scalability properties, including an adequate dispersion of items along the latent trait contin...
Background
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people do not enjoy equal access to specialist health services that adequately meet their needs. Clinical genetics services are at the vanguard of realising the health benefits of genomic medicine. As the field continues to expand in clinical utility and implementation, it is critical that Aboriginal...
Objective
To examine the prevalence of young childrens’ reported experiences of racial discrimination and to assess whether discriminatory experiences vary by gender, religion and country of birth.Methods
Data came from Speak Out Against Racism (SOAR), a cross-sectional study of 4664 public school students in grades 5–9 in two Australian states in...
Racial discrimination, which can be structural, interpersonal and intrapersonal, has causal links with oral health morbidity (dental caries, periodontal disease) and mortality (tooth loss). Racism impacts on oral health in three main ways: (1) institutional racism creates differential access to oral health services; (2) cultural racism, which is st...
The articles in this issue respond to these questions
and articulate the affective dimension of race in clinical
spaces, the economic and social costs of racialized
health inequalities, the continuing effects of colonialism
and complicity of bioethics in institutional racism.
The context in which this issue came together should
also be noted. By e...
Background
Indigenous people tend to exhibit a higher burden of disability than their non-Indigenous counterparts, and are often underserved by disability services. Engaging appropriately with Indigenous communities, families and individuals in the initial stages of disability assessment and planning is crucial in order to build trust and understan...
This article interrogates how the concept of critical consciousness applies to racialised subjects’ lived experiences when attempting to resist racialisation and racism within Australian society. We first demonstrate the incongruence between the theoretical conceptualisation of critical consciousness-raising and its practical application for racial...
Racism and xenophobia associated with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately affect migrants and minority groups worldwide. They exacerbate existing patterns of discrimination and inequity, impacting especially those already facing intersecting social, economic and health vulnerabilities. In this article, we explore the nature and e...
This paper discusses the ethical implications of racism and some of the various costs associated with racism occurring at the institutional level. We argue that, in many ways, the laws, social structures, and institutions in Western society have operated to perpetuate the continuation of historical legacies of racial inequities with or without the...
Racism, conceptualised as unfair and avoidable disparities in power, resources, capacities or opportunities across ethnic, racial, religious or cultural differences, can manifest in cognitive beliefs, feelings or behaviours. There is evidence that minority groups experiencing internalised, interpersonal or systemic racism are at greater risk of neg...
Dr. Amanuel Elias is Research Fellow with the UNESCO Chair for Cultural Diversity and Social Justice at the Alfred Deakin Institute (Deakin University). His research focuses on the human, social and economic impact of racism, as well as anti-racism, inequalities and cultural diversity.
Professor Fethi Mansouri holds UNESCO Chair in comparative rese...
Background: In Africa, epidemiological data on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is incomplete, especially in relation to the influence of rapid urbanisation on risk of disease. We investigated the association between urban/rural location and both T2DM and prediabetes among West African populations from five countries.
Meth...
Introduction
There is a growing body of research showing associations between experiences of racism and poor health and wellbeing outcomes for children and adolescents. The aim of this review protocol is to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al. 2013, including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it...
Background
Stated principles in government policy documents serve as a set of values outlining how governments intend to work. As such, health planning principles should be reflected in health policy across the cycle of planning, implementation and evaluation. Such principles should be reflected in the process of governments commissioning and fundi...
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples continue to suffer adverse experiences in healthcare, with inequitable care prevalent in emergency settings. Individual, institutional and systemic factors play a significant part in these persisting healthcare disparities, with biases remaining entrenched in healthcare institutions. This includes impli...