Yasuhiro Yamauchi

• The University of Tokyo

The accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages in the lung tissue during inflammation is important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. Deficiencies in chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 and their ligands, which mediate monocyte/macrophage migration, ameliorate bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Disulfiram (DSF), which is used to tre...

Macrophage accumulation in the lung tissue during inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. Deficiencies in chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 and their ligands, which mediate monocyte/macrophage migration, ameliorate bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Disulfiram (DSF)—used as a drug for alcoholism because of its al...

Background It remains unclear whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia is associated with higher mortality compared with non-MRSA pneumonia. This study’s objective was to compare outcomes including in-hospital mortality and healthcare costs during hospitalisation between patients with MRSA pneumonia and those with non-MR...

Introduction: Information on drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is limited due to its low incidence. This study investigated the frequencies of drug categories with potential risk in patients developing DILD during hospitalisation and analysed the risk of developing DILD associated with each of these drugs. Methods: Using a Japanese n...

Objectives: Hemoptysis, a symptom common across various respiratory diseases, can cause airway obstruction leading to a life-threatening condition. Arterial embolization has been used to control bleeding from the lower airways. However, limited studies have evaluated its effects on in-hospital mortality in patients with hemoptysis requiring mechan...

Background Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are used for advanced-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The application and safety of ICS withdrawal remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ICS withdrawal and outcomes in elderly patients with COPD with or without comorbid bronchial asthma, who were hosp...

Background: The expiratory time constant (RCEXP), which is defined as the product of airway resistance and lung compliance, enable us to assess the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in mechanically ventilated patients. Although RCEXP could also be applied to spontaneously breathing patients, little is known about RCEXP calculated fro...

Background: Obstructive lung disease (OLD) is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and is incidentally discovered during preoperative evaluation. The key treatments for OLD are inhaled long-acting bronchodilators (LAB). However, the advantage of preoperative bronchodilator treatment for patients with OLD remains unclear. T...

Citrobacter species can cause severe infection in immunocompetent patients. A 78-year-old man visited our hospital because he had had a fever lasting one day each month for the past 3 months. Antibiotics were initiated for suspected bronchial pneumonia, but the C-reactive protein level remained high. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed s...

Naftopidil, an α‐1 adrenoceptor antagonist with few adverse effects, is prescribed for prostate hyperplasia. Naftopidil inhibits prostate fibroblast proliferation; however, its effects on lung fibroblasts and fibrosis remain largely unknown. Two normal and one idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis human lung fibroblast lines were cultured with various naft...

BACKGROUND Severe postoperative acute respiratory failure (PARF) is potentially life-threatening. However, risk factors for severe PARF and mortality associated with severe PARF requiring corticosteroids remain unclear. The objectives of this study was to elucidate the occurrence and risk factors of severe PARF and in-hospital mortality after sever...

Purpose Patients with symptomatic COPD are recommended to use inhaled bronchodilators containing long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs). However, bronchodilators may cause gastrointestinal adverse effects due to anticholinergic reactions, especially in advanced-age patients with COPD. Dai-kenchu-to (TU-100, Da Jian Zhong Tang in Chines...

Abstract Certain proteases derived from house dust mites and plants are considered to trigger initiation of allergic airway inflammation by disrupting tight junctions between epithelial cells. It is known that inhalation of proteases such as house dust mite-derived Der p1 and/or papaya-derived papain caused airway eosinophilia in naïve mice and eve...

Background/Aim: Cytological analysis for diagnosing malignant pleural effusion associated with lung adenocarcinoma (Ad-MPE) shows limited sensitivity and novel diagnostic biomarkers are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of four microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes in Ad-MPE and benign (non-neoplastic) pleural effusion (BPE). Mater...

Background: Recent advances in bronchoscopy utilizing endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) as well as lung cancer therapy may have driven physicians to perform diagnostic bronchoscopy (DB) for high-risk patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between hospital volume (HV) and outcomes of DB. Methods: We collected...

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation. Lung fibroblasts activated by IL-13 serve as important sources of chemokines, such as eotaxins, contributing to persistent eosinophilic inflammation. Src-homology 2-containing protein (CISH), belonging to the suppressor of cytokine signaling...

Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is used to treat a wide spectrum of malignant tumors. Hangeshashin-to (Japanese herbal medicine TJ-14) is reportedly effective in preventing and controlling diarrhea associated with CPT-11. However, the effect of TJ-14 on tolerability of chemotherapy with CPT-11 has not been fully investigated. We used the Japanese...

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy with vinorelbine plus cisplatin (VNR/CDDP) is a standard regimen for treatment of postoperative stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, oral fluorouracil offers a feasible alternative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen. We compared the prognoses of patients with NSCLC treated with adjuvant chemot...

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the most frequent reasons for hospitalization in patients with Parkinson's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Parkinsonism on the clinical courses of elderly patients hospitalized for pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥60 years who were hospita...

Identification of microorganisms by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely accepted. However, the significance of MALDI-TOF MS for identifying mycobacteria, particularly rare nontuberculous mycobacteria, has not been established. M. heckeshornense is one such bacteria, and disting...

An association between chemotherapy and venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in patients with cancer is well established, with cisplatin (CDDP) being one of the most well-studied risk factors. However, whether CDDP is more strongly associated with occurrence of VTEs than carboplatin (CBDCA) or nedaplatin (CDGP) is controversial. Our purposes were to...

A malignant tumor can cause hypercoagulation and it also often coexists with thrombosis. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy can also induce adverse vascular effects, including arterial thrombosis. We herein report a case of acute arterial thrombosis in a patient undergoing postoperative adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy for completely resected lung c...

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by airway remodeling, in which the bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) cells play an important role. Periostin, a biomarker that reflects Th2-driven inflammatory diseases such as asthma, may play an important role in the asthmatic airway. Although periostin is mainly produced in a...

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy has been a treatment choice for lung cancer, especially in medically inoperable patients. However, the acute and late toxicity to adjacent organs have been reported as an uncommon but severe adverse effect. Case presentation: A 65-year-old male was presented with his back pain and pyrexia. He had been f...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with chronic inflammation of the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma. The current therapeutic strategy for COPD consists mainly of the use of bronchodilators, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists and lon...

Background: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in patients with dementia, but the outcomes of patients with dementia hospitalized with pneumonia are poorly understood. We sought to illuminate the association between dementia and in-hospital mortality and discharge status in patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Methods: We used the Diag...

Background and objective: Talc pleurodesis is commonly performed to manage refractory pleural effusion or pneumothorax. It is considered as a safe procedure as long as a limited amount of large particle size talc is used. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rare but serious complication after talc pleurodesis. We sought to det...

Lung fibroblasts participate in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. Although fibroblasts are ubiquitous constituents of various organs, their cellular diversity among different organs has been poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to investigate the distinct gene signature of lung fibroblasts that...

Background The optimal postoperative treatment strategy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear, especially in patients with lymph node metastasis. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with SCLC and lymph node metastasis treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Methods We retrospectively collected da...

Background Asthma exacerbation may require a visit to the emergency room as well as hospitalization and can occasionally be fatal. However, there is limited information about the prognostic factors for asthma exacerbation requiring hospitalization, and no methods are available to predict an inpatient’s prognosis. We investigated the clinical featur...

Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is known to be one of the adverse events associated with temsirolimus, which usually improves rapidly after discontinuation of the drug and rarely worsens thereafter. Herein, we report a case of delayed exacerbation of ILD after discontinuation of tems...

Background and objectives Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience exacerbations of their disease, sometimes requiring hospital admission and being associated with increased mortality. Although previous studies have reported mortality from exacerbations of COPD, there is limited information about prediction of ind...

Surgery patients in Japan undergo routine spirometry testing prior to general anesthesia. The use of a flow sensor during general anesthesia has recently become common. However, it is not certain whether the information derived from flow-volume curves is being adequately used for mechanical ventilation management during general anesthesia. So far,...

The data set. The data provided in this article are available within this file. (XLSX)

Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) regulates a variety of biological processes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TAZ are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including actin cytoskeleton and mechanical forces. TAZ is involved in lung alveolarization during lung development and Taz-heterozygous mice are resistant to bleomyc...

Nitrogen oxides are representative chemicals of occupational and environmental exposure, which can lead to fatal pulmonary injury. These oxides are also known to cause delayed occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Herein, we report a case of nitrogen oxide-induced lung injury. A 50-year-old man developed pulmonary edema after nitric acid exp...

Background and Purpose Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, which are intimately linked to chronic airway inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide are generated by inflammatory cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of BA. However, the role of...

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has high morbidity and mortality among adults. Several clinical guidelines recommend prompt administration of combined antimicrobial therapy. However, the association between guidelines concordance and mortality in patients with severe pneumonia remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the...

Background and objective COPD is well known to frequently coexist with osteoporosis. Bone fractures often occur and may affect mortality in COPD patients. However, in-hospital mortality related to bone fractures in COPD patients has been poorly studied. This retrospective study investigated in-hospital mortality of COPD patients with bone fractures...

Background: Inhaled medications, including corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting bronchodilators (BDs) are beneficial for COPD managements, reducing exacerbations and improving respiratory functions. However, ICS are reported to increase the risk of pneumonia in COPD. We aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of pneumonia in COPD p...

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is often incidentally found in inpatients with non-respiratory disease. Diagnosis and treatment are often difficult due to diverse backgrounds. Aim: To evaluate clinical features and analyze contributing factors for lung cancer diagnosis in patients hospitalized for non-respiratory diseases. Methods: Medical charts of i...

BACKGROUND: The viral infection is one of the main causes of bronchial asthma attack.It has been reported that the serum CCL5 levels during attack increase as compared to stable periods. The airway epithelial cell has a potential to release various chemical mediators as well as a barrier role from the outside world. CCL5, one of chemical mediators,...

We report the case of a 55-year-old man with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who received carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab chemotherapy as second-line therapy. After four cycles of chemotherapy, he experienced syncope with a decrease in blood pressure. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed atrial fibrillation. Cardiac ultrasonography showed a markedly...

Background and objectives Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting inhaled bronchodilators (IBD) are beneficial for the management of COPD. Although ICS has been reported to increase the risk of pneumonia in patients with COPD, it remains controversial whether it influences mortality. Using a Japanese national database, we examined the associa...

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is the formation of fibroblastic foci, which is associated with the disease severity. Mesenchymal cells consisting of the fibroblastic foci are proposed to be derived from several cell sources, includi...

Background Meigs’ syndrome is defined as the presence of a benign ovarian tumor with pleural effusion and ascites that resolve after removal of the tumor. The pathogenesis of the production of ascites and pleural effusion in this syndrome remains unknown. Aside from pleural effusion and ascites, pericardial effusion is rarely observed in Meigs’ syn...

Early fibrotic lesions are thought to be one of the initial findings of lung fibrogenesis in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, but little is known about their properties. Canstatin is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor derived from the C-terminal globular non-collagenous domain of the α2 chain of type IV collagen, and type IV collagen is deposi...

Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are common respiratory disorders worldwide. Exacerbations of these diseases are frequent and worsen patients' respiratory condition and overall health. However, the mechanisms of exacerbation have not been fully elucidated. Recently, it was rep...

Background: Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) often have respiratory comorbidities (RCs) such as respiratory infection, complications, and abnormal findings in radiological study in a hospital setting. Most of hematologists are familiar to treat respiratory disease with such patients; nevertheless, it is often difficult to diagnose and...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often have dysphagia through age and several co-morbidities, leading to aspiration pneumonia (AsP). COPD patients also have increased risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Using a national inpatient database in Japan, we aimed to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes bet...

Obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation. Using a national inpatient database in Japan, we aimed to evaluate factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with asthma, COPD or asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). We retrospectively collecte...

Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic small-vessel vasculitis associated with asthma, eosinophilia, and necrotizing vasculitis. EGPA is potentially life-threatening and often involves peripheral neuropathies, peptic ulcers, cerebral vessel disease, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited un...

Asthma-related mortality has been decreasing due to inhaled corticosteroid use, but severe asthma remains a major clinical problem. One characteristic of severe asthma is resistance to steroid therapy, which is related to neutrophilic inflammation. Recently, the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member (TNFSF) 14/LIGHT has been recognized as a key...

Background and objective The prevalence and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in elderly patients are increasing worldwide. Low body mass index (BMI) is a well-known prognostic factor for COPD. However, the obesity paradox in elderly patients with COPD has not been well elucidated. We investigated the association between BMI...

Background and objective: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is rare, but potentially life threatening owing to respiratory failure. However, knowledge is limited about the condition of hospitalized LAM patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate patient characteristics, comorbidities and causes of death among hospitalized LAM patients...

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with COPD frequently have systemic comorbidities that often require unscheduled hospitalization for exacerbation and deterioration of physical conditions, and can have a poor prognosis. We verified factors affecting patients’ short-term mortali...

Background: Airway remodeling is implicated in irreversible airflow limitation of refractory asthma, which includes increased smooth muscle mass and subepithelial fibrosis. Activated fibroblasts acquire contractile phenotype to participate in tissue contraction and structural alteration of extracellular matrices. Histamine is a potent mediator of...

Airway and pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological condition associated with chronic airway inflammation. Fibrosis and architectural remodeling of tissues can severely disrupt lung function, often with fatal consequences. The traditional paradigm of fibrogenesis is based on the activation of local stromal cells including fibroblasts and their conversi...

Fibrosis is an abnormal response to organ injury, characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts at the sites of injury. Fibroblasts arise from several sources, including resident fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes that infiltrate organ tissue. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a source of mesenchy...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation consisting of airway obstruction and parenchymal emphysema, with loss of elastic recoil. The forced oscillation technique can detect impairment of lung function by measuring lung impedance during normal tidal breathing. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) in COP...

Treatment strategy that reduces dependence on long-term medication for chronic asthma is preferable. The purpose of the study is to investigate the efficacy of an early intensive intervention for inducing inactive asthma in adults and identify factors that affect the efficacy. A prospective study was conducted on subjects who had asthma for two yea...

Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic airway disease, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recently, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reported to be associated with tissue fibrosis. TGF-β1, which is a potent inducer of EMT, is thought to be related to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. We investigated whether TG...

We have recently reported that disruption of nuclear erythroid 2 P45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in mice. C57BL/6 Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice were further exposed to low-dose DEP for 7h/day, 5 days/week, for a ma...

A 60-year-old man was given a clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis, with enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy by chest CT, high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and gallium scintigraphy findings. After 2 years follow-up, chest CT showed that only the right superior lobe bronchial lymph node had enlarged, occluding the right B1 bronch...

Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported to contribute to tissue fibrosis through enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 signaling. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has also been implicated in tissue fibrosis. Therefore, the authors investigated whether TNF-alpha affected TGF-beta1-induced EMT. Cultured alveolar...

Histamine is a potent mediator in allergic inflammatory processes and is released by basophils and mast cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of histamine on in vitro migration of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) to human plasma fibronectin (HFn), a chemoattractant. Using the blindwell chamber technique, histamine alone had...

Fibroblasts are important cells that are involved in modulation of fibrosis after injuries. In some uncontrollable inflammatory processes, excess fibroblasts migrate around the small airway. The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to fibrosis around the small airways. The aim of the current study was to investigate the...

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been classically used as a marker of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CRP on migration of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) to human plasma fibronectin (HFn). Using the blindwell chamber technique, CRP inhibited HFL-1 migration in a dose-dependent fashion (at 1 microg/mL, inhibitio...

We have previously shown that short-course treatment with Amb a 1-immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligonucleotide conjugate (AIC) before the ragweed season modifies the response of the nasal mucosa to allergen challenge in ragweed-sensitive patients by increasing Th1 cytokines and decreasing both Th2 cytokines and eosinophilia after the ragweed...

We have recently reported that airway inflammatory responses to the oxidative stress induced by prolonged low-dose diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure differ markedly between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, the effects of genetic differences in the response to prolonged low-dose DEP exposure on the generation of ovalbumin-induced...

Unlabelled: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of 14-membered ring macrolide clarithromycin (CAM) on migration induced by human plasma fibronectin (HFn) or on contraction of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). Methods and results: Using the blindwell chamber technique, CAM (10(-5) M) inhibited the migration of HFL-1 60....