Yasemin Kirkgoz

• Professor at Cukurova University

This book showcases a range of professional development activities in English medium instruction (EMI) from diverse international contexts. While EMI offers many benefits, it also comes with challenges for both teachers and learners, especially in terms of language proficiency, teaching practices, and curriculum design. To address these challenges,...

This article critically examines “Laura’s Story: Using Problem-Based Learning in Early Childhood and Primary Teacher Education” by Suzy Edwards and Marie Hammer (2006), highlighting its significant impact on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) research. This seminal work is distinguished by its practical focus on teacher education, using the narrative of...

This study aims to describe Indonesian EFL teachers’ perceived perspective and self-efficacy in EFL teaching using ICALL, reveal the prominent factor influencing each variable, and examine the effect of the perceived perspective on their self-efficacy. This study used a cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. There were 284 Indo...

This multiple case study aims to describe how Turkish students in English Language Teaching (ELT) and Electrical-Electronics Engineering Program (EEP) conceive of Problem-based Learning (PBL), and how they experience their studies within a PBL-oriented curriculum. With the inclusion of these two cases into the study, the rationale is to represent t...

Rebecca L. Oxford’s contributions to academia extend well beyond language learning strategy research, for which she is well known, to embrace peace education in language classrooms. Inspired by her peace education philosophy, this study first describes the influence of Oxford’s scholarly research in peace approach. Then, it presents a case study of...

A large volume of research has examined learners’ problems and their solutions in the EMI context. However, there is still scarce attention to classroom interaction and how lecturers make decisions for better language practices in the tertiary EMI contexts. Classroom interaction, in this respect, provides us with crucial information to understand t...

ESP programmes are designed to meet the specified needs of learners for professional or academic purposes. This study presents the design and implementation of an ESP course at a teacher education department in Turkey. The theoretical framework of the course is based on the constructivist perspective to familiarize teacher candidates with fundament...

Similar to global tendencies, the trend towards EMI has also been observed in the Middle East (Kirkgöz et al., 2023). This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the studies related to the EMI policies of Middle East countries by referring to the perceptions of lecturers and students on the use of EMI. A study was also conducted in a state un...

This study is an investigation of EFL teacher trainees’ learning gains, perceptions and self-evaluations regarding immediacy behaviors as a result of a 14-week Teacher Immediacy course. Approximately four months later, the trainees were invited to write four successive reflections by re-thinking their experiences throughout the course. In fact, 61...

This chapter reports designing, implementing, and evaluating a Leadership and Management in ELT course based on an andragogical approach for adult learners in the teacher education department of a state university in Turkey. Participants were seven adult learners aged 28-35 undertaking the course, which lasted 14 weeks with 3 hours of weekly teachi...

This paper reports the professional journey of an English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher from teaching older learners to teaching younger children at a primary school, and the impact of mentoring on the teacher in facilitating the transitioning process. The participant is a Turkish native-speaker male English teacher with 23 years of teaching...

Note-taking (NT) in a university lecture or a seminar taught in English is a daunting task for non-native speakers due to the specific academic and cognitive skills it necessitates. Students are supposed to comprehend the information introduced by the speaker, identify the particular register, distinguish the necessary and unnecessary information,...

This study investigates English teachers’ socialization to the school environment, their behaviour in the classroom, and their attitudes towards their profession in the first few years after graduation. An explanatory research design was used with a mixed-method methodology. We administered a survey to 800 novice English language teachers in 16 cit...

The adoption of English-medium-instruction in higher education is a strategic response to the internationalisation of higher education and an attempt to alleviate concerns about graduate employability and academic reputation. Policy-makers tend to favour ‘English-only’ approaches to content teaching, although imposing monolingual perspectives on bi...

With an increase in the number of colleges and universities offering courses in English in the education market globally, higher education institutions face serious challenges. In non-native settings where English is favoured as a prestigious choice for the medium of instruction, learners struggle with the huge barrier between demanding course cont...

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is one of the most widely consulted reference works that define international standards for the learning, teaching, and assessment of languages. Since its appearance in 2001, the CEFR has been translated into more than 40 languages, including Turkish, making it the second most-translat...

Bir üniversite dersinde veya seminerde İngilizce not alma (NA), gerektirdiği özel akademik ve bilişsel becerilerden dolayı göz korkutucu bir iştir. Öğrencilerden, konuşmacı tarafından sunulan bilgileri anlamaları, aktarıldığı tarzı belirlemeleri, konuşmanın gerekli ve gereksiz kısımlarını ayırt etmeleri, konuşulan dili kişisel olarak ayırt edilebil...

Lecturing is often seen as an outdated and tedious mode of teaching in university education due to its monologue-style content delivery. However, some lecturers tend to embrace a more interactive approach to ensure a democratic and participatory learning environment, in which students are encouraged to contribute to discussions, problem-solving or...

Lecturing is often seen as an outdated and tedious mode of teaching in university education due to its monologue-style content delivery. However, some lecturers tend to embrace a more interactive approach to ensure a democratic and participatory learning environment, in which students are encouraged to contribute to discussions, problem-solving or...

This chapter brings together and highlights the critical perspectives raised in the previous chapters and seeks to provide an insight into the future of EMI research in the Turkish higher education context. Reference is also made to how awareness can be raised about the strategies and tools needed to improve EMI at the tertiary level in Turkey, par...

This book examines the phenomenon of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in Turkish higher education, using research-based findings and review-based discussions with a critical focus on diverse aspects of EMI. Particularly, it addresses issues under four major themes: EMI policy and the macro level context, teaching practices in EMI, learning experien...

The current study adopts a mixed-method research design to foster English Language instructors’ attitude toward professional development, self-efficacy beliefs, and reflective thinking. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory constituted the base and the professional development program was designed accordingly. The participants of the study were nine Engl...

Turkish translation of the CEFR companion volume

Web 2.0 applications such as Wikis, Blogs, Podcasts, and social networking including Myspace, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are important sources for Information and Communication Technology (ICT). in foreign language classrooms. This study investigates Web 2.0 tools used by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, and the teachers’ perspect...

In many countries where English is used as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL), the classroom is the main context for students’ exposure to the target language (L2); however, English teachers have a tendency to use the mother tongue (L1) excessively. As a result, the appropriate use of L1 in language classrooms remains as a major problem. This s...

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is increasingly becoming popular in teacher education, just like the prevalence in the use of Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) which is an instructional socio-constructivist online tool providing collaborative learning. PBL where learning occurs through real-life problem solving practices is...

The focus of this paper is to investigate how teacher candidates reflect on their observations in practicum schools from a retrospective angle. First, ten English language teacher candidates, who were pairs during the practicum, wrote reflection reports considering the dynamics of a language classroom throughout a period of ten weeks. Those reports...

This study informed by multiple qualitative tools explores translanguaging practices at different EMI programs of two state universities in Turkey in terms of the degree of overt forms of translanguaging occurrences, functions fulfilled, departmental differences in translanguaging practices and stakeholder perspectives. To that end, the study sets...

Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) are at the forefront of 21 st Century Skills; and nations shape their education systems according to this phenomenon. Critical Thinking (CT) should be considered as one of the inevitable goals of education since thinking skills are very pivotal for a society characterized by the current shift from labor-dependent to k...

This chapter describes the design of an enhanced innovative study abroad curriculum to be integrated into teacher education programs. The curriculum is based upon the results of in-depth interviews administered to teacher candidates and/or practicing teachers of English following their return from a study abroad program. It is designed to meet the...

This study considers identity to be a social construct and contributes to the previous studies on the relation between identity and learning environment (Norton & Toohey, 2011). Research examining real classroom interactions in content-based courses that come from local contexts is still a rarity. Aiming to fill this gap, this study seeks to gain a...

This study aims to provide the current landscape in relation to English-medium instruction (EMI) in Turkey and some selected countries in the Middle East region. The study investigates the growth of EMI in higher education, and the internationalization of education policies by Turkey and the Middle East governments. In this context, the very meanin...

This study aimed at investigating English language teacher candidates’ reflections based on observations of real language teaching. Participants were 49 third-year undergraduate students studying at the English Language Teaching Department of a state university in Turkey. The rationale for selecting third-year students as participants was to descri...

English is an access to a global society (Normark, 2013), which implies studying a specific subject area through English is crucial in today’s educational arena. The reason behind this is that English is a motive for universities to gain a global status as Coleman (2006) argued. Thus, the focal point of this study is to reveal motivational variatio...

ESP is a dynamic research discipline, underpinned by the fundamental question of how best to meet the needs of English learners, especially in our increasingly globalized and internationalized world. Since the early 1960s, ESP has become one of the most prominent areas of teaching in universities around the world. What began as a grass-roots soluti...

The aim of English for Specific Teaching (ESP) in Turkish universities is to support the development of scientific literacy in learners’ field of specialism in English. Implicit in this objective is to make the ESP curriculum tailor-made to meet the learners’ specific needs. In this study, we describe evaluating the new Turkish Air Force Academy (T...

The present study aimed to investigate perceptions of EFL teachers working at state primary schools on core language skills, assessment types and question types used in assessing student’s foreign language development and proficiency during an academic year. Data were gathered from 56 EFL teachers working at 42 primary state schools in Turkey throu...

The present article, which sets a global perspective, investigates foreign language education policy and planning (LPP) with reference to major education reforms that have taken place in Turkey. Adopting the six-point language-in-education planning framework developed by Kaplan and Baldauf (1997, 2003), the study focuses on the following issues: th...

Educational exchanges like the Fulbright scholarship programs are viewed positively at a number of levels, from promoting personal growth to helping build cooperative relations between nations. This study reported in this chapter examined the experiences of eight Turkish Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant (FLTA) grantees in the years aft...

The importance of leadership preparation, development and informed practice as well as leaders' explicit and implicit perceptions of leadership for the understanding of principle-based and effective educational innovation is uncontested. Problems reported in educational policy implementation, however, strongly suggest that leadership principles are...

This study emerged from the concerns experienced by the last-year English language trainee teachers during their school practicum. An increasing number of trainees complained that their existing beliefs conflicted, in many ways, with the school-based mentor's teaching practice. A collaborative action research (CAR) professional development programm...

This chapter describes the design of an innovative 'Study Abroad' curriculum to be integrated into teacher education departments. The curriculum is based upon the results of in-depth interviews administered to teacher candidates and/or practicing teachers of English following their return from a study abroad program. The curriculum is designed with...

New educational curricula are regularly put into practice worldwide; and the issues related to curriculum design are frequently discussed from a pedagogical perspective. However, the processes involved in preparing a statewide English as a foreign language (EFL) curriculum are rarely elaborated from an inside view. As the experiences of program des...

This study emerged from the concerns experienced by the last-year English language trainee teachers during their school practicum. An increasing number of trainees complained that their existing beliefs conflicted, in many ways, with the school-based mentor's teaching practice. A collaborative action research (CAR) professional development programm...

This study emerged from the concerns experienced by the last-year English language trainee teachers during their school practicum. An increasing number of trainees complained that their existing beliefs conflicted, in many ways, with the school-based mentor's teaching practice. A collaborative action research (CAR) professional development programm...

Corrective feedback (CF) is an indication to the learners that his or her use of the target language is incorrect (Lightbrown & Spada, 1999: 171). With increasing attention to applications and effectiveness of CF in foreign language classrooms as well as beliefs and thoughts of practitioners and L2 learners about these applications, teachers and st...

Corrective feedback is any reaction of the teacher which clearly transforms, disapprovingly refers to, or demands improvement of the learner utterance (Chaudron, 1977). According to Lightbrown & Spada (1999), it is an indication to the learners that his or her use of the target language is incorrect. Due to its applications in second/ foreign langu...

Corrective feedback (CF) is an indication to the learners that his or her use of the target language is incorrect (Lightbrown & Spada, 1999: 171). With increasing attention to applications and effectiveness of CF in foreign language classrooms as well as beliefs and thoughts of practitioners and L2 learners about these applications, teachers and st...

This chapter describes the design of an innovative study abroad curriculum to be integrated into teacher education departments. The curriculum is based upon the results of in-depth interviews administered to teacher candidates and/or practicing teachers of English following their return from a study abroad program. The curriculum is designed to mee...

In common with many countries, teacher education in Turkey has been facing a period of rapidly changing demands with respect to the use of information and communication technology. This chapter presents a case study of an initial teacher education department in Turkey. The study focuses on prospective English language teachers' views concerning var...

This article describes how poems can effectively be used to foster EFL/ESL students’ creative writing. The paper starts with discussing the meaning of creativity, and the importance of creativity within the language learning process. Then, it proceeds to demonstrate how students’ creative writing can be fostered by composing English poems. A three-...

This study reports on the design and evaluation of the effectiveness of an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) writing course for the first-year undergraduate students of Economics in Turkish higher education who are studying in the medium of English language. A needs assessment conducted in the Department of Economics with first-year undergraduate...

In common with many countries, teacher education in Turkey has been facing a period of rapidly changing demands with respect to the use of information and communication technology. This chapter presents a case study of an initial teacher education department in Turkey. The study focuses on prospective English language teachers' views concerning var...

Problem Statement: Since the late 1990s, Turkey has witnessed two major curriculum reforms in English language teaching at the primary level education. However, the situation of the assessment practices of the teachers has been unclear due to lack of relevant research, particularly in Turkish context. Purpose of Study: This study aims to investigat...

Globalization has made a considerable impact on the language policies of many countries. This, in turn, has created an increased demand for English as the language for international communication, given the status English holds as a global language or lingua franca (Crystal, 1997). As noted by Nunan (2003: 589), “the demand for English and English...

This study investigates designing and implementing a speaking course in which face-to-face instruction informed by the principles of Task-Based Learning is blended with the use of technology, the video, for the first-year student teachers of English in Turkish higher education. The study consisted of three hours of taskbased classroom instruction,...

This study investigates designing and implementing a speaking course in which face-to-face instruction informed by the principles of Task-Based Learning is blended with the use of technology, the video, for the first-year student teachers of English in Turkish higher education. The study consisted of three hours of task-based classroom instruction,...

Problem Statement: Textbooks play a crucial role in language education; thus, an investigation into the responses of the students and teachers to the textbook in use facilitates an understanding of the extent to which curriculum objectives are implemented at the teaching level through the agency of textbooks. Purpose of Study: This research aims to...

This small-scale study tries to introduce and validate a linguistic theory and method, Latent Semantic Analysis. This method has been used in natural language processing for some time now; however, its potential in examining second language lexicon is a relatively recent discussion (Crossley, Salsbury, McCart and McNamara, 2008). In this study, the...

Since language and culture are closely interwoven, the integration of culture into textbooks used for teaching English as a second/foreign language has become a widely accepted phenomenon. This study investigates the cultural elements in locally published English textbooks used for Turkish primary schools following two major curriculum innovations...

Problem Statement: Textbooks play a crucial role in language education; thus, an investigation into the responses of the students and teachers to the textbook in use facilitates an understanding of the extent to which curriculum objectives are implemented at the teaching level through the agency of textbooks. Purpose of Study: This research aims to...

This study examines errors in a corpus of 120 essays produced by 86 adult Turkish learners, who were beginners in their language proficiency in Çukurova University. The corpus was examined to identify and classify written errors in terms of the possible sources of errors. Errors were classified in accordance with two major categories: interlingual...

Taking notes during a lecture is a highly demanding skill and creates problems for students who are learning English as a second or foreign language for academic purposes. This experimental study was conducted with adult learners receiving an intensive English language teaching program. The study was designed to promote effective strategies of list...

This study aims to investigate the extent to which English textbooks which are locally designed for primary education in Turkish state schools reflect Multiple Intelligences. Based on the framework of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, a multiple intelligences checklist was developed to examine each textbook in relation to different intelligence...

This study aims to explore the curriculum reform initiated in 2005 in the secondary level education in Turkey with special reference to its impact upon Anatolian high schools, highly competitive schools in Turkish education. A large-scale survey was administered to 170 teachers and 851 students in order to determine their perceptions of this recent...

Communication by electronic mail has become a widely used medium within various organizations. Yet, the possible emergence of various discourse features is not widely discussed in the literature. This chapter investigates the discourse features of real examples of e-mail messages drawn from an international commercial source in Turkey from several...

This paper discusses an evaluation of the three English textbooks which have been prescribed for use in grade 4 classes by the Turkish Ministry of National Education in state primary schools. Teachers and students responded to a 37-item textbook evaluation scheme (Smiley Questionnaire) to express their perceptions concerning various aspects of the...

This paper describes a curriculum renewal project developed for adult learners of English that resulted in a more dynamic and effective program at a Turkish university. A multi-dimensional needs analysis was initiated to investigate the current situation across the three English-medium departments of the university as regards students’ English lang...

It is widely acknowledged that globalization has made a considerable impact on multidimensional aspects of human life including the language policies of many countries. This article examines the adjustment of Turkey's language policy in response to the global influence of English at different levels of Turkish national education, including its role...

This study reports the perceptions of students and lecturers on the effectiveness of the foreign language instruction in relation to students’ academic needs in an English-medium university in Turkey. The theoretical framework of the study draws upon a discourse community (DC) perspective, which considers writing as a socio-cultural practice and ta...

This paper describes how Turkish teachers of English in state primary education approach the implementation of a Communicative‐Oriented Curriculum innovation and factors that impact on teachers' classroom practices. Using multidimensional research procedures, including a questionnaire, observations and teacher interviews, a picture has been develop...

This article reports a 2-year case study (2003–2005) on teachers’ instructional practices, and the impact of teacher understandings and training upon the teachers’ implementation of the Communicative Oriented Curriculum (COC) initiative in the context of a major curriculum innovation in teaching English to young learners in Turkish state schools. U...

This paper explores a major curriculum innovation in English language teaching in Turkish primary education from macro and micro perspectives. After an overview of the role of English in Turkey, macro-level planning underlying the introduction of English language teaching policy in state-owned primary education is presented. Then the diffusion of i...

Since the introduction of English in Turkish education English language teaching has undergone various changes in response to economic and political developments in the country. This article provides an overview of the development of English by outlining the policy changes in English language teaching in the Turkish education system in three phases...

This paper illustrates compiling a corpus of academic texts from the disciplines of economics and business administration, as the basis for designing a lexical component of the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) reading course and developing teaching materials for students intending to follow their university courses. The course is based on data-d...