Yannick Perez

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at CentraleSupélec

Electric vehicle (EV) industry is still in the introduction stage in product life cycle, and its dominant design is still dormant. EV manufacturing companies have long taken numerous endeavors to promote EV in the niche markets by providing innovative business models. While most OEMs still take ‘business as usual’ approach for developing their EV p...

While the transportation sector is responsible for a growing share of greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) offer solutions for greener mobility. The proportion of electric vehicles in transportation fleets is increasing, but wider adoption will not be possible without an appropriate charging infrastructure. The deployment of such infra...

This paper identifies the underlying physical mechanisms that frame the flexibility and operation of nuclear technologies, with analysis focused on the effects of two structural characteristics of nuclear fleets, i.e. nuclear schedule optimization and minimal power variations, on simplified French power system simulations. We develop a method to si...

Innovations for near real-time common European balancing markets are underway to meet the flexibility needs induced by the deployment of renewables and new market agents. Never have markets and real-time network operations been run so closely on a continental scale. Our paper investigates a filtering method for integrating congestion management and...

The urge to develop greener transportation necessitates a shift from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). Ensuring user acceptance of EVs through adequate charging infrastructure is crucial for this transition. We hypothesize that a user-oriented, time and space-coherent deployment of charging stations can reduce range an...

Clean hydrogen is pivotal in decarbonisation strategies for industry and transport. It is also foreseen as paramount for decarbonising power systems, with flexible electrolysis easing RES integration. To cover the gap between clean hydrogen costs and consumer willingness to pay, governments have introduced subsidies, of which the European Hydrogen...

Many developing countries are at a crucial juncture in road transport electrification with electric mobility as they have limited economic capacity to implement government policy support and financial mechanisms that have spurred the capital-intensive electric mobility growth in developed countries. Attracting private sector investments remains a v...

Electric mobility seems promising for the decarbonisation of the transport and power sectors. Nonetheless, making investment decisions on electric mobility in developing countries remains topical in policy and academic debate. This paper contributes to the debate in the context of decarbonisation and digitalisation to understand investment decision...

To ensure a smooth energy transition, rapid expansion of the electric grid is essential to accommodate growing renewable power generation. We assess the role battery storage can play for the power system by either complementing or replacing costly line reinforcements. Adopting a benevolent planner point-of-view, we optimise the expansion of storage...

A high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will deeply impact the management of electric power systems. The risk of not providing adapted EV pricing signals can lead to inefficient investments in grid infrastructure. To avoid costly grid reinforcements and to ensure proper guidance for EV charging, a solution allowing customers to access EV-only...

While some developed countries (especially in the West) are making some progress in electrifying their transport sector with electric vehicles, it is also important to focus on developing countries since the climate change challenge is global. This paper contributes knowledge on transport electrification in developing countries. First, we analyse t...

Meeting the European Commission's ‘Fit for 55’ climate goals by the year 2030 in the context of the trilemma of security of supply, environmental sustainability, and competitiveness will require concerted efforts from the Member States on all fronts. Among others, it will require optimised techno-economic solutions that offer sustainable decarbonis...

According to the Canarian government’s plans, a complete decarbonization of the Canary Islands economy is foreseen from 2040 onwards, which includes the electrification of land transport in the archipelago. However, due to the current low penetration rate of electric vehicles (EVs) on the islands, the number of EVs in circulation is expected to gro...

While some developed countries (especially in the West) are making some progress in electrifying their transport sector with electric vehicles, it is also important to focus on developing countries since the climate change challenge is global. This paper contributes knowledge on transport electrification in developing countries. First, we analyse t...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to grow massively in the coming years, and grid integration of a large number of them could challenge electricity-system infrastructure. This paper aims at describing a methodology to study the technical and economic impacts on power systems of mass EV charging for several EV-owner connection behavior profiles (...

European markets continue to integrate with two ongoing projects for common markets of manually activated balancing reserve. In the design of these balancing markets, the method for computing cross-border capacity has several limitations: it uses a network representation forecasted too early, uses a methodology that does not represent well meshed g...

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer an opportunity to move towards greenhouse gas emission reduction targets by decarbonizing the transport sector as well as reduce local air pollution. However, uncontrolled and simultaneous charging of a significant number of EVs could pose a challenge to electricity grids and generation load adequacy. Studying these im...

In order to respond to the COP21 targets in terms of carbon mitigation, the participant governments have set pledges and roadmaps for renewable energy penetration in order to decarbonize the different energy sectors (electricity, transport, industry, etc.). This paper raises the question of the regional distribution of the targeted renewable capaci...

In this presentation I compare EVs and Water heater has part of the energy management systems for users and for Electric utilities. I advocate that EVs are more useful than water heaters due to the range of services they can provide and the new opportunities they offer thanks to VtoX technologies.

The high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles is changing the way the electricity system is managed. In turn, the way utilities have been recovering their expenditures through tariffs needs reformulation. We investigate the impact of different retail tariff designs from a Californian scenario on private investment incen...

Environmental policies are pushing cross-sector electrification, including the transport and heating sectors. However, the large integration of distributed energy resources, such as electric vehicles (EV), heat pumps (HP), and photovoltaic (PV) systems, has a strong influence on the stability of low voltage (LV) distribution grids and can lead to h...

The ongoing energy transition is rapidly transforming the traditional electric utilities. While it attempts to combat the menace of climate change and stimulate green growth with clean transport (electromobility), renewable energies, and energy efficiency, the energy transition comes with new challenges for the electric utilities. Some of the chall...

Electric vehicle (EV) grid integration presents significant challenges and opportunities for electricity system operation and planning. Proper assessment of the costs and benefits involved in EV integration hinges on correctly modeling and evaluating EV-user driving and charging patterns. Recent studies have evidenced that EV users do not plug in t...

The high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles is changing the way the electricity system is managed. In turn, the way utilities have been recovering their expenditures through tariffs needs reformulation. We investigate the impact of different retail tariff designs from a Californian scenario on private investment incen...

This report analyses the topology, ecosystem, opportunities, and challenges (economic and technical) of electric mobility.

Distribution system operators face a challenging environment marked by increased decentralization, digitalization, and the decarbonization of transport and heating sectors. In particular, the integration of large numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) will pose challenges for distribution grid operation and planning. However, EVs also open the opportun...

Transmission topology control is a tool used by system operators in the role of a control action taken into account as a preventive or corrective action relative to a specific outage or set of outages. However, their inclusion in most electricity market frameworks is limited. With the increasing penetration of intermittent energy sources, optimal t...

The high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles is changing the way the electricity system is managed. In turn, the way utilities have been recovering their expenditures through tariffs needs reformulation. We investigate the impact of different retail tariff designs from a Californian scenario on private investment incen...

Distribution system operators (DSO) are starting to implement market-based mechanisms to use the flexibility offered by distributed energy resources (DER) such as electric vehicles (EV). Several European countries are trialing a range of real-life tests and market designs, and local flexibility tenders that allow DSOs to procure medium- to long-ter...

While the transportation sector is responsible for a growing share of greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles offer solutions for greener mobility. The proportion of electric vehicles in transportation fleets are increasing, but wider adoption will not be possible without an appropriately adapted charging infrastructure. The deployment of such...

Distribution system operators (DSO) are starting to implement market-based mechanisms to use the flexibility offered by distributed energy resources (DER) such as electric vehicles (EV). Several European countries are trialing a range of real-life tests and market designs, and local flexibility tenders that allow DSOs to procure medium- to long-ter...

A high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will deeply impact the management of electric power systems. To avoid costly grid reinforcements and the risk of load curtailment due to EV charging, indirect load control via adapted economic signals is a solution proposed by many utilities. Charging costs can be reduced with a domestic tariff applied...

This report is a work performed during summer 2020. Made of 400 interviews of real EV drivers, It covers a large area of questions regarding, the buying, the use and the limits of EV possession.

Distribution system operators are starting to implement market-based mechanisms to use flexibility from distributed energy resources. Flexibility tenders allow distribution system operators to procure flexibility for the medium to long-term, with first implementations in Europe in the UK since 2018, and a recent pilot in France. This work seeks to...

The Nigeria Power sector reform was performed between the year 2010 and 2013 but it has undoubtedly been adjudged unsuccessful by most stakeholders. The failure of the reform is evidenced by a myriad of seemingly insurmountable economic, institutional, technical, financial and socio-political challenges exacerbated by the recent macroeconomic crisi...

The high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles is changing the way the electricity system is managed. In turn, the way utilities have been recovering their expenditures through tariffs needs reformulation. We investigate the impact of different retail tariff designs from a Californian scenario on private investment incen...

Si les véhicules électriques à batterie proposent déjà des technologies séduisantes, il reste de la place pour d’autres alternatives. De fait, les véhicules 100 % hybrides (Full Hybrid) offrent une baisse conséquente des émissions à un prix raisonnable pour les consommateurs et – atout important – ils évitent l’angoisse de la panne. Cette étude mon...

One major issue that is source of uncertainty holding back the hydrogen deployment, is the infrastructure development needs and costs. Different studies in the literature tackled this issue in France but partially, assessing either one part of the hydrogen supply chain or the whole supply chain but for one possible delivery pathway. This paper comp...

Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) is an umbrella term to explain the use of electric vehicle batteries to derive additional value during times of non-use. V2X services generate revenue from the battery asset through dynamic (V1X) or bi-directional (V2X) charging to provide benefits to the electric grid, to reduce energy consumption of buildings and homes,...

Massive integration of electric vehicles (EV) into power systems will pose significant challenges, in particular to distribution systems. Additional peak demand by EV charging can induce congestion or voltage issues, which would require costly infrastructure investments. However, these impacts can be reduced by using smart charging mechanisms. The...

Distribution system operators' roles are evolving from a "fit-and-forget" approach towards an active management of their distribution grid. With this approach flexibility management at the local level can defer or avoid costly reinforcements and have a more efficient use of existing assets. Flexibility tenders are emerging as a mechanism that allow...

Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) is an umbrella term to explain the use of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries to derive additional value during times of non-use. V2X services generate revenue from the battery asset through dynamic (V1X) or bi-directional (V2X) charging to provide benefits to the electric grid, to reduce energy consumption of buildings and ho...

Electric vehicle massive integration into power systems will pose significant challenges, in particular to distribution grids. However, they can be a source of flexibility for the power grid operation and planning. In this work, we systematically identified the key technical and economic aspects for the proactive integration of EVs into electricity...

Making it possible to bridge between different sectors thanks to its versatility, hydrogen is a promising enabler for a multi-sectorial decarbonisation. The remaining question is how feasible it is to substitute the current carbonized technologies already prevailing in the markets by new low-carbon hydrogen systems that can be more expensive today...

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), mostly in the form of solar photovoltaic (PV) or lithium-ion batteries, and electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as three disruptive innovations in power grids. Recent studies have pointed out the potential synergies between these technologies, while others have studied the difficulty to design adequate network...

Renewable development can be leveraged through a variety of energy carriers. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential of producing low-carbon hydrogen from electricity surplus considering the French case for the timeframe of 2035. The analysis is conducted on a regional basis, in order to investigate the potential locations for electrolyser...

Solving the hydra-headed economic, technical and institutional electrification challenges in the Nigeria Power sector requires innovative insights that decentralized offgrid reverse auction with solar power plus storage proffers. However, running a successful auction requires a meticulous design with in-depth understanding of the environment and ac...

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), mostly in the form of solar photovoltaic (PV) or lithium-ion batteries, and electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as three disruptive innovations in power grids. Recent studies have pointed out the potential synergies between these technologies, while others have studied the difficulty to design adequate network...

Solving the hydra-headed economic, technical and institutional electrification challenges in the Nigeria Power sector requires innovative insights that decentralized offgrid reverse auction with solar power plus storage offers. However, running a successful auction requires a meticulous design with in-depth understanding of the environment and data...

Nowadays electromobility is more and more becoming a cross-sectorial innovation. Electromobility is the convergence of technical innovations in battery technologies and charging systems, on Internet of things and finally on new business model developed by classical original equipment manufacturers and innovative newcomers. This developing phenomeno...

The regulation and innovation nexus: new issues, new perspectives 17 December 2018 14:00-15:30 Invited session: Self-driving cars (Chair: François Lévêque) • Rémi Maniak (i3-CRG) • Jack Stilgoe (University College London) • Yannick Perez (CentraleSupelec & Université de Paris Sud)

This paper aims to quantify, from an economic and environmental lens, the impacts of the interconnection Tenerife-La Gomera in terms of energy independence, emissions and costs. Alternatively, the development of La Gomera as an isolated system through a high deployment of renewable energies and energy storage systems is also assessed. The results r...

Photovoltaic generation and electric mobility are disruptive technologies in the power and transport sectors, and both pose challenges for power grids. The scholarship has focused on potential synergies when these two technologies are combined, and recent research shows that interactions between photovoltaic generation and electric mobility could d...

The EU-LAC Foundation has published a ground-breaking study on “Financing the transition to renewable energy in the European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean”. The study, developed as part of the Foundation’s Open Calls for Research, was written by a group of authors that include: Miguel Vazquez, Michelle Hallack, Gustavo Andreão, Alberto To...

Si les véhicules électriques à batterie proposent déjà des technologies séduisantes, il reste de la place pour d’autres alternatives. De fait, les véhicules 100 % hybrides (Full Hybrid) offrent une baisse conséquente des émissions à un prix raisonnable pour les consommateurs et – atout important – ils évitent l’angoisse de la panne. Cette étude mon...

Our presentation at the Tecsol Conference in Paris.

Electric vehicle (EV) industry is still in the introduction stage in product life cycle, and dominant design remains unclear. EV companies, both incumbent from the car industry and new comers, have long taken numerous endeavors to promote EV in the niche market by providing innovative products and business models. While most carmakers still take ‘b...

The aim of this paper is to analyze Rogers-system categories of electric vehicle adopters in Tenerife (Canary Islands) to highlight the psychological factors defining each category. The paper runs a model to calculate willingness to change and willingness to pay for an electric vehicle following the contingent valuation methodology. A survey perfor...

My Speech at the IAEE Groningen Conference

We consider the electric vehicle industry as a complex system within which firms choose among competing organisational architectures and regulatory institutions emerge from the interaction between firms' choices and rule-makers' beliefs. The main drivers to change regulatory institutions are the 'evaluative criteria' applied to outcomes. Evaluative...

Researchers of the Armand Peugeot Chair on electromobility have been working for several years on this chicken and egg dilemma. Over the years, their work has identified ways to better measure its impact or to provide a workaround for certain issues. In previous special volumes of the International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management ab...

Utiliser les Véhicules Électriques (VE) pour fournir de la réserve de puissance au Gestionnaire de Réseau de Transport (GRT) a été démontré comme une solution économiquement viable dans nombre d’expériences internationales. Les VE étant des petites unités de stockage, ils aident le système à s’équilibrer en temps réel. Cependant, les études menées...

Dans cet article, nous allons dresser un rapide panorama des opportunités offertes par l'inclusion de la technologie type Blockchain dans le secteur électrique.

C'est la présentation version longue qui structure la discussion avec la Commission de Régulation de l'Energie qui a eu lieu le 3 avril 2018. Un lien en première page permet d'avoir accès à la vidéo complète de ce forum.

Viewing the relationship between vertical integration and product architecture (integrality and modularity) as the “mirroring” hypothesis, we examine the case of Tesla Motors. Besides dedicating an idiosyncratic architecture to battery issues and customers’ range anxiety, Tesla tailors its organization and strategy for anchoring with key stakeholde...

Photovoltaic generation and electric mobility are both disruptive technologies in the power and transport sectors raising several issues regarding power grids. Precisely, questions about synergistic potentials when combining these two technologies have attracted academics' interest. Recent researches on this topic demonstrate that interactions betw...

As the share of intermittent renewable energy sources increases, it will be necessary to increase the volume of frequency-regulation reserves. New sources of reserves can be found in distributed energy resources: controllable loads, Electric Vehicles (EVs), distributed generation units. However, it is necessary to adapt the frequency-regulation res...

We consider the electric vehicle industry as a complex system within which firms choose among competing organisational architectures and regulatory institutions emerge from the interaction between firms’ choices and rule-makers’ beliefs. The main drivers to change regulatory institutions are the ‘evaluative criteria’ applied to outcomes. Evaluative...

Today, electromobility is no longer a hypothesis in a set of prospective scenarios on the transformation of the automotive industry. It is an economic, technological and political reality based on the emergence and structuring of a business ecosystem comprising many actors dealing with energy transition, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), pub...

What are the challenges of the Winter Package for DSOs? ACER issued some papers to explain how she will do the job. I draw some implications form an economic perspective.

A modular framework is used to analyze how Grid Integrated Vehicles (GIVs), i.e. bi-directional plug-in electric vehicles that are able to modulate their charging rate and have bi-directional capabilities, could be managed efficiently to deliver grid services for transmission operators and conversely, how these new services could be set aside by th...

Nigeria Power sector reform was performed in the year 2010-2013 but has undoubtedly being adjudged disappointingly unsuccessful by most stakeholders. The failure of the reform is evidenced by a myriad of seemingly insurmountable economic, institutional, technical, financial and socio-political challenges exacerbated by the recent macroeconomic cris...

Variable Resource Renewable Energy (VRRE) penetration has grown rapidly during the last years. Thus additional reserve power will be required. Moreover, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) have been identified as potential reserve providers, if reserve market rules adapt to these new units. The objective is to show that DERs ability to provide rese...

Séminaire au Conseil Général de l’Economie en Juin 2017

The aim of this paper is to study the implications of the decision of the French regulator to join the FCR Cooperation, a common platform for cross-border procurement of primary reserve. Two aspects will be analyzed: 1) cost of procurement and increase of social welfare by cross-border procurement and 2) implications for entry of new entrants like...

My conference in the 37th ”Séminaire PSL de recherches en économie de l’énergie organisé par Mines-ParisTech, Paris-Dauphine et Paris-Sciences-Lettres,” in School of Mines in Paris

Presentation at the FSR Workshop, January 2017

Conference of the Chaire European Electricity Markets (CEEM) at the Université Paris-Dauphine 17 October 2016.

In many electric systemsworldwide the penetration ofdistributed energy resources (DER) at the distribution levelsis increasing. This penetration brings in different challenges for electricity system management; however if the flexibility of those DER is well managed opportunities arise for coordination. At high voltage levels under responsibility o...

Using electric vehicles as transmission system operator reserve providing units has been demonstrated as being both a feasible and a profitable solution. However, the surveys leading to these conclusions are always conducted either without considering the transmission system operator market rules, or using the existing ones from the local system op...

In many electric systems worldwide the penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) at the distribution levels is increasing. This penetration brings in different challenges for electricity system management; however if the flexibility of those DER is well managed opportunities arise for coordination. At high voltage levels under responsibilit...

As the share of intermittent renewable energy sources increases, it will be necessary to increase the volume of frequency regulation reserves. New sources of reserves can be found in the distributed energy resources (controllable loads, Electrical Vehicles (EVs), distributed generation units). However, it is necessary to adapt the frequency-regulat...

This paper introduce the special issue about electromobility we are issuing in the International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management.

The share of renewable energy sources (RES) production in energy mixes, especially the ones of PV panels and wind farms, has been continuously increasing during the last few years. Similarly, a strong development of battery electric vehicles (EV) is expected within the next years. However, these two new innovations could trigger local security issu...

My conference for JEJU Island EV submit 2016