Yangyang Pan

• Gansu Agricultural University

Overdose intake of acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver injury involving hepatic drug metabolism and activation of oxidative stress pathways, and forsythiaside A (FA) has hepatoprotective pharmacological activity, but knowledge of the mechanism of FA treatment for APAP liver injury is still lacking the literature. In this study, we investigated the ef...

The yak, a unique inhabitant of low-oxygen environments, exhibits brain adaptability to hypoxic conditions. However, the impact of hypoxia on yak brain proteomics and the expression of the HIF2α/BNIP3L signaling pathway remains unexplored. This study utilized TMT-based proteomics analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the...

High-quality oocyte production strategies play an important role in animal-assisted reproductive biotechnologies, and rapamycin (Rap) has been commonly used to increase the development potential of mammalian oocytes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of rap on the maturation of yak oocytes. Diffe...

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Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) are involved in hepatocyte regeneration. It is not clear whether HNF4α is involved in hepatocyte regeneration through the regulation of PXR. This study aims to explore the regulatory relationship between HNF4a and PXR, and whether it affects hepatocyte regeneration. A mouse...

The Tianzhu white yak, a globally rare species, holds immense value as a source for yak materials. While the Fas/FasL pathway is pivotal in granulosa cells apoptosis, its precise molecular workings remain enigmatic. This study endeavours to decipher the role of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) in suppressing ovarian granulosa cells (GC) apoptosis...

In animal assisted reproductive technology, the production of high-quality oocytes is crucial. The yak, having lived in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for an extended period, has reproductive cells that are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). This study aimed to investigate the impact of HIF-1α on yak oocyte maturation and early embryonic...

Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, that leads to significant economic losses in affected countries and regions. Currently, there is an evident inclination towards the utilization of nanoparticles as powerful platforms for innovative vaccine development. Therefore, this study developed a...

Studies on Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs), obligate predatory bacteria, have highlighted the possibility of regulating bacteria and biofilms; however, yak-derived BALOs are yet to be reported. We aimed to characterize the BALOs isolated and identified from yak (Bos grunniens) feces and examine application potential. BALOs were isolated fro...

Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, that leads to significant economic losses in affected countries and regions. Currently, there is an evident inclination towards the utilization of nanoparticles as powerful platforms for innovative vaccine development. Therefore, this study developed a...

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that can cause severe watery diarrhoea in piglets, with high morbidity and mortality rates, seriously hindering the healthy development of the global swine industry. In this study, we isolated a strain of PEDV from Tibetan pigs and named it CH/GS/2022. Subsequently, we screened the apoptosis...

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the microbial characteristics of yak uteri collected using intrauterine cotton swabs (CS) during different reproductive stages and the correlation of these microbial characteristics with reproductive status. Methods We used a macrogenomic approach to analyze the functional aspects of different microorga...

Understanding the microflora inhabiting the reproductive tract is important for a better understanding of female physiology and reproductive health. The endometrial fluid from mice in three reproductive stages (A: Unproductive mice; B: Postovulatory mice; C: Postpartum mice) was extracted for microbial DNA extraction and sequencing. Phenotypic and...

The ultimate fate of Graafian follicles is ovulation or atresia which relies on the highly coordinated processes of apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian cells. Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (LncRNA MEG3), miR-23a, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) are factors associated with autophagy. However, whether these factors ca...

Simple Summary The regulation of proteins at different time points during oocyte maturation varies. In this study, dynamic changes in oocytes at the GV, MI, and MII stages during oocyte maturation were analyzed using iTRAQ technology. Protein functions from the GV stage to the MI stage were mainly concentrated in the metabolic pathway, and protein...

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) is an acute, extremely infectious intestinal disease of pigs caused by the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (PEDV). The virus can affect pigs of all breeds and age groups and shows varying degrees of symptoms, with piglets, in particular, being infected with mortality rates of up to 100%. PEDV was first identified i...

After mammalian ovulation, oocytes enter the oviduct, causing oocyte and oviduct changes. Some studies have shown that follicular fluid exosomes (FEVs) play an important role in this regulatory process, but the specific mechanism is remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of FEVs on autophagy and on the synthesis and secretion of oviductal...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a widespread and harmful disease closely linked to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Globally, severe drug-induced hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are the primary causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of DILI is ERS and changes in mitochondrial morphology and funct...

Apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells (GCs) are highly related to follicular development and atresia. It has also been reported that they are related to LncRNA MEG3, miR-23a and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1). However, their relationship to follicular development and the extent to which follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or lutei...

Introduction: As a main consumer of energy, the brain is particularly susceptible to the effects of hypoxia. However, during long-term evolution, the brain of the plateau yak developed adaptive mechanisms enabling it to maintain normal physiological conditions. Material and methods: A total of 20 male yaks belonging to two age groups [newborns (...

Simple Summary In order to explore the biological role of Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) in testes and ovaries of domestic yaks, we examined the mRNA, protein expression and tissue localization of FAF1 in the ovaries of different ages and reproductive cycles in domestic yaks. The results showed that FAF1 mRNA and protein were expressed differently...

Introduction Autophagy and endocytosis are crucial biological activities in mammalian follicle development and oocyte maturation, which are easily affected by external environmental factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), as an important component of follicular fluid, regulates the growth and apoptosis of follicular cells. However, its regulatory m...

The oviduct consists of three parts: the infundibulum (In), ampulla (Am), and isthmus (Is). These have the same histological structure, but different physiological functions. In this study, transcriptomics was used to analyze mRNA in these three parts of yak oviduct. The results showed that there were 325 up-regulated genes and 282 down-regulated g...

Simple Summary Exosomes in the follicular fluid can carry and transfer regulatory molecules to recipient cells, thus influencing their biological functions. In this study, after being treated with yak follicular fluid for 24 h, most yak cumulus cells took up the exosomes, activated autophagy, and increased their secretion of 2-hydroxyestrodiol. Con...

Fusarium solani is the most significant pathogen that causes root rot in wolfberry, which has led to serious economic losses in terms of production. As an important enzyme in organisms, NADPH oxidase produces ROS. However, the mechanism of ROS mediated by NADPH oxidase in the growth of F. solani has not been studied. In this study, F. solani coloni...

High-altitude adaptation is viewed as a biologically based process during which yaks respond to the harsh condition of coldness and low oxygen. Although high-altitude adaptation has been studied intensively, there is a lack of multi-omics analysis on its physiological mechanism. Therefore, in this study, 10X Genomics single-cell technology were ado...

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multipotent cytokine of the IL-6 family which plays a critical role in the maturation and development of oocytes. This study evaluated the influence of LIF on the maturation and development ability of yak oocytes, and the quality of subsequent blastocysts under in vitro culture settings. Different concentration...

In order to evaluate the potential and safety of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from faeces samples of Ganan yak as probiotic for prevention and/or treatment of yak diarrhea, four strains of LAB including Latilactobacillus curvatus (FY1), Weissella cibaria (FY2), Limosilactobacillus mucosae (FY3), and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (FY4) were is...

Background Growing oocytes acquire the ability to mature through two-way communication between gametes and surrounding somatic cumulus cells (CCs). Granulosa cells (GCs) support oocyte growth, regulate meiosis progression, and modulate global oocyte transcription activity. However, the proliferation and differentiation of the yak ovary in GCs and C...

Autophagy plays an important role in mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development and rapamycin is well known for inducing autophagy. Although previous studies have reported the effects of rapamycin on oocytes in vitro maturation (IVM) in different species, few studies have been reported on the role of rapamycin in yak oocytes IVM an...

In this study, we detected the expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in primary cultured leydig cells (LCs) and sertoli cells (SCs) of yak by RNA sequencing technology. A total of 84 differently expression mRNAs (DEmRNAs) (LCs vs. SCs: 15 up and 69 down), 172 differently expression lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (LCs vs. SCs: 36 up and 136 down), and 90 di...

Introduction: The thymus is the site of development and maturation of functional T lymphocytes and is critically important to the immune system. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of markers of T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the yak thymus. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy...

Background: Growing oocytes acquire the ability to mature through two-way communication between gametes and surrounding somatic cumulus cells (CCs). Granulosa cells (GCs) support oocyte growth, regulate meiosis progression, and modulate global oocyte transcription activity. However, the proliferation and differentiation of the yak ovary in GCs and...

Background Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been confirmed to infect pigs, posing a health risk and making pigs more susceptible to other pathogens. After the first report of PCV3 infection in the United States, its prevalence was determined in pigs suffering from clinical digestive or respiratory diseases in several other regions, including th...

Bovine endometritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus that occurs after parturition and can result in the destruction of uterine microecology, disruption of hormone secretion, and even infertility. Problems such as antibiotic residues, pathogen resistance, and microbiota dysbiosis caused by conventional antibiotic therapy cannot be ignored....

The gas-phase environment of in vitro culture system plays an important role in the development of oocytes, and oxygen concentration is one of the important factors. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of different oxygen concentrations (20%, 10%, 5% or 1% O2) in yak oocyte maturation and to detect the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF an...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to characterise and evaluate the main markers of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG plasmocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells of the intestinal mucosa of newborn yaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten newborn yaks (2–4 weeks old) were chosen. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymer...

The goal of this study was to characterize and evaluate the main markers of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasmocytes in the testis of juvenile and adult yaks by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Within the same age group, the mRNA expression of CD68 was always highest, followed by that of C...

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) represents one of major zoonotic diseases among cattle, it also affects the health of human, other domestic animals and wild life populations. Inhalation of infected aerosol droplets is considered as the most frequent route of the infection. This study aims to investigate the curren...

The estrogen-signalling pathway is critical for normal follicular development; however, little is known about its importance during in vitro maturation (IVM) in large animals, particularly yaks (Bos grunniens). Through the present study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying estrogen involvement in cumulus expansion and the subsequent dev...

The yak (Bos grunniens) is the most important livestock animal in high‐altitude regions owing to its prominent adaptability to cold conditions, nutritional deficiencies, and hypoxia. The reproductive organs exhibit different histological appearances and physiological processes at different reproductive stages. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐...

Mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development are highly sensitive to the in vitro culture environment, and oxygen concentration is one of the important factors. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of different oxygen concentrations (20%, 10%, 5% or 1% O2) on yak oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embr...

A multiplex PCR method was developed to detect the main pathogens of Qinghai Tibetan sheep endometritis. First, the genomes of five standard bacterial strains were extracted and specific primers were selected; the multiplex PCR method was established by using the genome of the standard strain as a template. The samples were collected by sterile cot...

Endometritis is one of the main diseases which harm sheep husbandry. Astragalin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are common active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with immunoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, sheep endometrial epithelium cells (SEECs) were successfully purified and identifie...

The main reproductive organs undergo different histological appearances and physiological processes under different reproductive statuses. The variation of these organs depends on a delicate regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) are members of the mitogen-activated prote...

Autophagy is one of the basic cellular mechanism during preimplantation development of mammalian embryos, and it plays crucial role in several physiological processes. It is induced by interleukin (IL)‐1β in mammalian cells. Our present study shows that IL‐1β is important for autophagy activation in embryo development. Our in vitro culture system a...

DNA methylation as an important, essential epigenetic modification is critical for the successful development of mammalian embryos. In recent years, the important role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an irreplaceable cofactor for epigenetic regulation has been confirmed. However, the effect of AA on DNA methylation in preimplantation embryo development of...

Tetraparvovirus, formerly known as Partetravirus, is a newly discovered genus in the family Parvoviridae that is considered phylogenetically distinct from other parvoviruses. However, nothing is known about the prevalence of Tetraparvovirus in special livestock living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, such as Tibetan pigs and Tibetan sheep. A...

The fusion of sperm and oocytes determines the fertilization competence and subsequent development of embryos, which, in turn, can be affected by various proteins and DNA methylation. However, several factors in this whole regulation process remain unknown, especially in yaks. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is an important...

We detected Chuzan virus (CHUV) in domestic yaks from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, western China, indicating CHUV probably has been transmitted to yaks in recent years. Awareness for CHUV surveillance and transmission and livestock health management in these special regions should be raised to avoid outbreaks and animal loss.

Yak milk is superior to common cow milk in nutrients including protein, fat and calories. However, the milk yield of the yak is very much lower compared with other dairy bovines. To understand the molecular mechanisms of lactogenesis, lactation and mammary gland development, mammary tissue samples were taken from five yaks during a dry period (DP,...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae and cause a chronic lymphosarcoma, which is extensive in cattle. In yaks (Bos grunniens), the distribution, strains and genetic characteristics of BLV have rarely been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate BLV infections in domestic yaks and d...

We isolated and purified yak (Bos grunniens) endometrial epithelial cells and assayed different concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) with respect to secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Uterine epithelia were confirmed with Feulgen staining, karyotype analysis, and immunohistochemist...

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently discovered RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Deltacoronavirus. This virus causes enteric disease in piglets that is characterized by enteritis and diarrhoea. In our present investigation, 189 diarrhoeic samples were collected between July 2016 and May 2017 from Tibetan pigs i...

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and localization of HSP70/90 in different tissues and explore the regulation effects of HSP70/90 at lactation period of female yaks. HSP90 mRNA was cloned from the heart samples of female yaks, Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence...

Placental function is complex and influenced by various factors; furthermore, it depends on a delicate balance between cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins are key apoptosis regulators and are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of both dynamic balance and integrity of many tissues. Ch...

Contents The objective of our present study was to determine the effects of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) on the development of yak (Bos grunniens) embryos after cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) vitrification and warming followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF). In Experiment 1, the yak COCs underwent vitrification and then IVF. Embryos were inc...

BACKGROUND: Platelet derived growth factors (PDGFs) are key components of autocrine and paracrine signalling, both of which play important roles in mammalian developmental processes. PDGF expression levels also relate to oxygen levels. The characteristics of yak PDGFs, which are indigenous to hypoxic environments, have not been clearly described un...

Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) is known to promote the development and survival of rodents and ruminants preimplantation embryos; however, the effect of CSF2 on yak embryos has not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CSF2 on the developmental competence of yak embryos cultured in vitro in modified synthe...

Bos grunniens follicular granulosa cells may express both Fas and FasL and expression of both proteins is increased during apoptosis. Fas gene was transcripted in Bos grunniens follicular granulosa cells. The major structure of Bos grunniens Fas is formed by F-chain and k-chain. F-chain was cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) that every domain had 40 resi...

The Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formed by Fas receptor, FADD and caspase-8 is a pivotal trigger of apoptosis. Fas gene was transcripted in Bos grunniens follicular granulosa cells. The full-length of Bos grunniens Fas contained a completely open reading frame (ORF) 972 bp encoding 323 amino acid. The protein which is hydrophilic encoded...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate age-related changes in the morphology and expression of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), S100 β, and caspase-3 of the thymus of healthy yaks ( Bos grunniens ). ANIMALS 15 healthy male yaks of various ages from highland plateaus. PROCEDURES Yaks were allocated to 3 groups on the basis of age (newborn [1 to 7 days old; n = 5]...

Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) is over-expressed during cold and many other stresses, and could regulate the adaptation to hypothermia. In the present investigation, the objective was to determine the expression of CIRP in adult yak heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, ovary, testis and skin by relative quantitative real time polym...

This study investigated the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) supplementation in the medium during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the developmental potential of oocytes and in the subsequent development of cloned yak embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from the antral follicles of yak ovaries and cultured with differe...

Culture conditions can affect cleavage, zygotic genome activation, embryonic development, and blastocyst quality. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has important autocrine and/or paracrine effects during early embryonic development. However, few studies of the effect of EGF on yak embryos have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the e...

We describe the discovery and phylogenetic analysis of ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (also referred to as bovine hokovirus 1, B-PARV4, or partetravirus) in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwestern China. The yak B-PARV4 genome was detected in yak blood samples by PCR, using B-PARV4 primers corresponding to conserved regions. Twenty-two of 370 sam...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether developmental competence of mature vitrified-warmed yak (Bos grunniens) oocytes can be enhanced by supplemented insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) during in vitro maturation (IVM), and its relationship with the expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP). In experiment 1, immature...

The correlation between the 90 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) and the developmental competence of yak (Bos grunniens) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. In the present study, we compare the efficacies of Cryotop (CT) and solid surface vitrification (SSV) methods for the cryopreservation of immature yak oocy...

The aim of our present study was to examine the effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on yak sperm motility during in vitro capacitation, and the relationship between the effects of IGF-1 on yak sperm motility and apoptosis was evaluated. Frozen/thawed yak spermatozoa were incubated at 38°C for 1 h in Sp-TALP medium with different concent...

Frequency of hepatitis E virus (HEV) detected by RT-PCR assay in fecal samples from domestic yaks of different ages in 2 provinces of northwest China and sequences of primers for cloned HEV genome sequence that contained all open reading frames.

Contents Growth factors play critical role in cell proliferation, regulate tissue differentiation and modulate organogenesis. Several growth factors have been identified in the testes of various mammalian species in last few years. In present investigation, the objective was to determine the expression of epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) and the epi...

Historically, Reston virus (RESTV) has been found to be associated with outbreaks of disease only in nonhuman primates. Its spread to domestic pigs was reported for the first time in 2008. In this study, we report the discovery, molecular detection, and phylogenetic analysis of Reston virus (RESTV) in domestic pigs in China. A total of 137 spleen s...

This study reports the frequency and age distribution of porcine hokovirus (PHoV) in domestic pigs and characterizes the strains prevalent in eastern China. A total of 242 tissues from domestic pigs were tested for PHoV using PCR, and six near-full-length genome sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis. The PHoV sequences from domestic pigs in...