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Introduction
Impact of changes in stratospheric ozone and water vapor on surface climate
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Publications
Publications (70)
Variations in stratospheric atmospheric circulation significantly impact tropospheric weather and climate. Understanding these variations not only aids in better prediction of tropospheric weather and climate but also provides guidance for the development and flight trajectories of stratospheric aircraft. Our understanding of the stratosphere has m...
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Due to the control of ozone (O3)-depleting substances (ODSs), it is believed that stratospheric O3 will recover in the future. However, in the context of global change, the contributions of other factors to O3 recovery are also worth discussing. This paper investigates the independent and joint influences of changes in global methane (CH4), carbon...
The Antarctic weak polar vortex events (WPVs) can induce noticeable impacts on the tropospheric circulation. The vortex preconditioning refers to the anomalous stratospheric state favoring the occurrence of vortex disruption. Motivated by the limited research on the stratospheric preconditioning of Antarctic WPVs, the detailed role of preconditione...
It is well established that the anomalous sea surface temperatures caused by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can impact polar stratospheric ozone concentrations in 2–3 months. In recent years, the climatic impact of stratospheric ozone has received widespread attention. Some studies even suggest that Arctic stratospheric ozone (ASO) can aff...
Stratospheric water vapor has been found to significantly affect atmospheric circulation. Previous studies mainly focus on the lower stratospheric water vapor. The impact of middle stratospheric water vapor is not yet well understood. The volcanic eruption in Tonga is observed to inject an unprecedented approximately 146 Mt of water vapor into the...
The relative amount of scattering and absorbing aerosols is essential in determining the aerosol radiative and climate effects. Using reanalysis datasets and climate simulations, here, we show that changes in the relative amount of scattering and absorbing aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitudes, manifested as long-term decreasing t...
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At present, influences of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) on surface climate have attracted growing attention. In the geological past, however, how the SPV acted and how it impacted on the troposphere and surface climate remains unclear. This study explores SPV variations in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in...
Severe marine heatwave over the North Pacific was observed in spring 2020, which likely caused the record Arctic ozone loss. Here we show that this anomalous North Pacific warming is related to the emission reductions during COVID-19 which emerged in China in early 2020 and spread rapidly. We show simulated evidence that the emission reductions dur...
The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) exerts significant influence on the climate of the Pacific region and East Asia. In this study, we systematically examined the responses of the WPSH intensity and position to regional sea surface temperature (SST) changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model. Our findings reveal that...
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The Arctic Dipole Anomaly is one of the principal atmospheric circulation patterns in the Arctic region, significantly influencing the spatial distribution of sea ice through induced changes in polar wind directions. These wind changes also affect the fraction of Arctic clouds and, by modifying cloud‐surface radiative forcing...
Precipitation in Europe significantly influences local agriculture and water resources. Numerous research endeavours have explored the influence of tropospheric variables on precipitation variability in Europe. Recent investigations have identified a connection between alterations in high-latitude stratospheric ozone levels and precipitation patter...
Our study reframes our understanding of stratosphere-troposphere interactions, traditionally thought to be confined within individual hemispheres, by introducing a novel cross-hemispheric link. We demonstrate that strong boreal winter Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (APV) boosts the transmission of upper tropospheric waves from Northern Hemispher...
The variability of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) plays a crucial role in stratospheric chemistry and Earth’s energy budget, strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST). In this study, we systematically investigate the response of lower-SWV (LSWV) to regional sea surface temperature changes using idealized SST patch experiments within a c...
One of the basic characteristics of Earth’s modern climate is that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is climatologically warmer than the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Here, model performances of this basic state are examined using simulation results from 26 CMIP6 models. Results show that the CMIP6 models underestimate the contrast in interhemispheric surfa...
Surface ozone, which is a major air pollutant, has gained widespread public attention due to its significant harm to human health and ecosystems. Here we find that long-term trends of surface ozone are largely influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) using the historical simulations in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble. It is found that S...
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South Asia, with a population of more than 1.8 billion, is among the most vulnerable regions in the world in response to climate change and a global hotspot for water security. Heavy summer precipitation over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau, which directly affects North India and Nepal with a population of more than...
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation harms humans and ecosystems. The level of surface UV radiation had increased due to declines in stratospheric ozone in the late 1970s in response to emissions of chlorofluorocarbons. Following the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, the stratospheric loading of chlorine/bromine peaked in the lat...
Siberia is one of the world's major food production bases areas and a climate-sensitive region, where summer precipitation has shown decreasing, increasing, and renewed decreasing trends in recent decades. However, the external factors driving the long-term trend in precipitation are not yet understood. Here we find that summer precipitation in Sib...
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Summer precipitation variations substantially impact food production and wildfire frequency in Siberia, exhibiting trends of decrease, increase, and subsequent decrease in recent decades. Nonetheless, the external factors contributing to these long-term precipitation patterns remain unclear. Our findings reveal a strong connection between stratosph...
We simulate climate variations in the past 250 million years (Myr), using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 (CESM1.2.2) with the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4). Three groups of simulations are performed, each including 26 simulations, with a 10‐million‐year interval. The Control group is constrained by paleog...
The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass at an accelerating rate in recent decades due to warming, and understanding the underlying mechanisms, such as the impacts of clouds, is essential. Using spaceborne data, this study investigates the spatial distribution of ice clouds and liquid-bearing clouds (LBCs) over the GrIS and their surface...
Surface ozone is an important pollutant causing damage to human health and ecosystems. Here we find that the Arctic surface ozone during the 2020–2021 winter is evidently enhanced after the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) onset based on reanalysis data and simulations of one state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model. Further analysis suggests tha...
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We study the stratospheric water vapor (SWV) variations in the past 250 million years (Myr) using simulations of a fully coupled Earth System Model. The SWV generally increases with surface warming. It is found that surface warming and SWV increase can reach about 12.4 K and 89.2% in the past 250 Myr, respectively, with respe...
Dust, as absorbing aerosols, can change the stability of the atmosphere through radiative effects, thereby affecting the formation and characteristics of clouds. In order to explore the influence of dust aerosols on cloud formation, this study takes the Badain Jaran Desert area as the research area where cloud formation is less disturbed by human a...
Associated with the recovery of stratospheric ozone, stratospheric cooling has decelerated since the late 1990s. This study investigates the contribution of ozone changes to the long-term stratospheric temperature trends in recent decades using satellite observations and model simulations. Observational analysis shows that total column ozone experi...
Using the daily 2 m maximum temperature (Tmax), 2 m minimum temperature (Tmin) and cloud cover data measured at ground sites of the China Meteorological Administration in North China from 2000 to 2017, this study investigates the influence of clouds on the daily temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between Tmax and Tmin. As expected, t...
Hot extremes, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and surface ozone all have prominent effects on human health and ecosystems. Here we show evidence that both hot extremes and high surface UV radiation at noon time occur concurrently in summer over the Yangtze Plain. Composite analysis suggests that hot extremes in summer are primarily caused by the westwa...
Dust aerosols, by serving as cloud condensation nuclei and/or ice nuclei, can impact the properties and development of clouds. Selecting the dust event occurred in May 2016 as a case, this study investigates the potential impacts of dust aerosols on cloud system by examining the differences in cloud properties between the dust polluted and unpollut...
Regional consumption activities supported by domestic production and international trade have led to substantial aerosol-related emissions worldwide. Here we quantify sulfur dioxide emissions associated with consumption by developed and developing countries and assess the resulting climate impacts using an Earth system model. We find that although...
Widening of the Hadley circulation and associated poleward shifts of subtropical dry zones have drawn extensive studies in the past decade. It is found that the poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation has strong seasonality and peaks in autumn in both Hemispheres in response to quadrupling CO2. Here we find that the poleward expansion in autum...
Surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation has important effects on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and air pollution. Both stratospheric ozone and clouds are key factors that influence surface UV radiation. Here we find that Arctic ozone loss may lead to a decrease in surface UV radiation over the Siberian Arctic in spring using ERA5 rea...
Stratospheric water vapor variations, which may play an important role in surface climate, have drawn extensive studies. Here, the variation in stratospheric water vapor is investigated by using data from observations of the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, from the ECMWF Interim Reanalysis (ERAI), and simulations by the Whole At...
Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that...
Regional consumption activities supported by domestic production and international trade have led to substantial amounts of aerosols worldwide, yet the resulting impacts on the global climate system remains unknown. Here we quantify for the first time the climate response to aerosols associated with consumption by developing and developed countries...
Severe ozone loss and significant surface warming anomalies in the Siberian Arctic were observed in spring 2020. Here, we show that the anomalous surface warming was likely related to the ozone loss. The dramatic Arctic ozone loss in March was shifted to Siberia in April and May, which largely cools the lower stratosphere and leads to an increase o...
Lower Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) is one of important drivers of global climate change. Increases and decreases in lower SWV have been found to strengthen and offset global warming effects, respectively. Using several data sets, we find that sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the past 100 years has caused an increase in SWV. SST warming o...
Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) changes, in response to increasing CO2, as a feedback component may play an important role in the Earth's energy budget. It has drawn extensive studies in the past decade. Here, we calculate the SWV climate feedback using the 150‐year CO2 forcing (1pctCO2) simulations in the CMIP6 ensemble of models. All models robus...
There have been extensive studies on poleward expansion of the Hadley cells and the associated poleward shift of subtropical dry zones in the past decade. In the present study, we study the trends in the width and strength of the Hadley cells, using currently available simulation results of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-6 (CMIP6),...
Erratum to: Xia, Y., Y. Y. Hu, J. P. Liu, Y. Huang, F. Xie, and J. T. Lin, 2020: Stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects on Antarctic sea ice. Adv. Atmos. Sci. , 37 (5), 505−514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8251-6 .
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Recent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice. While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused by stratospheric ozone changes, here we show that stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects also play important roles in...
Previous studies showed significant stratospheric warming at the Southern-Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes in September and October over 1979–2006. The warming trend center was located over the Southern Ocean poleward of the Western Pacific in September, with a maximum trend of about 2.8 K/decade. The warming trends in October showed a dipole pattern...
The Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection is one of the most important climate modes in the present climate condition, and it enables climate variations in the tropical Pacific to exert a significant influence on North America. Here, we show climate simulations in which the PNA teleconnection was largely distorted or broken at the Last Glacia...
We investigate the impact of tropical tropopause warming on the stratospheric water vapor using the Specified-Dynamics version of the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. We find that the tropical tropopause warming results in a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC). The strengthening of BDC induced by a narrow warming of t...
The Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection is one of the most important climate modes in the present climate condition, and it enables climate variations in the tropical Pacific to exert significant impacts on North America. Here, we show climate simulations that the PNA teleconnection was largely distorted or broken at the Last Glacial Maximu...
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An air column under radiative-convective equilibrium is studied here to understand equilibrium climate over different surface elevations. Cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations show that atmospheric thermal stratifications exhibit similar structures when expressed in sigma coordinates over varying surface elevations under radiative-convective equi...
Anthropogenic methane emissions originate from a large number of relatively small point sources. The planned GHGSat satellite fleet aims to quantify emissions from individual point sources by measuring methane column plumes over selected ∼10×10 km2 domains with ≤50×50 m2 pixel resolution and 1 %–5 % measurement precision. Here we develop algorithms...
Previous observational studies have found a persistent maximum in stratospheric water vapor (SWV) in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) confined by the upper-level anticyclone over the Asian summer monsoon region. This study investigates the simulation of SWV in the Community Earth System Model, version 1 with the Whole Atmosphere Comm...
Anthropogenic methane emissions originate from a large number of relatively small point sources. The planned GHGSat satellite fleet aims to quantify emissions from individual point sources by measuring methane column plumes over selected ~ 10 × 10 km² domains with ≤ 50 × 50 m² pixel resolution and 1–5 % measurement precision. Here we develop algori...
Climate models generally fail to produce a warmer (by as much as 0.5 °C) early to mid-Holocene than the pre-industrial in the global annual temperature, which has been termed the Holocene temperature conundrum. Here we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to test whether the conundrum can be partially resolved by consideri...
The global warming simulations of the general circulation models (GCMs) are generally performed with different ozone prescriptions. We find that the differences in ozone distribution, especially in the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric (UTLS) region, account for important model discrepancies shown in the ozone-only historical experiment of...
The tropical atmospheric circulation is projected to weaken during global warming, although the mechanisms that cause the weakening remain to be elucidated. We hypothesize that the weakening is related to the inhomogeneous distribution of the radiative forcing and feedback, which heats the tropical atmosphere in the ascending and subsiding regions...
A set of general circulation model experiments are conducted to analyze how the poleward energy transport (PET) is related to the spatial pattern of CO2 radiative forcing. The effects of forcing pattern are affirmed by comparing the conventional doubling CO2 experiment, in which the forcing pattern is inhomogeneous, to a set of forcing homogenizati...
We investigate the climatic impact of stratospheric ozone
recovery (SOR), with a focus on the surface temperature change in
atmosphere–slab ocean coupled climate simulations. We find that although SOR
would cause significant surface warming (global mean: 0.2 K) in a climate
free of clouds and sea ice, it causes surface cooling (−0.06 K) in the real...
Changes to the large-scale oceanic circulation are thought to slow the pace of transient climate change due, in part, to their influence on radiative feedbacks. Here we evaluate the interactions between CO2-forced perturbations to the large-scale ocean circulation and the radiative cloud feedback in a climate model. Both the change of the ocean cir...
We investigate the climatic impact of stratospheric ozone recovery (SOR) with a focus on the surface temperature change in atmosphere-slab-ocean coupled climate simulations. We find that although SOR would cause significant surface warming (global mean: 0.2 K) in a climate free of clouds and sea-ice, it may result in surface cooling (−0.06 K) in th...
Radiative forcing of a homogeneous greenhouse gas (HGG) can be very inhomogeneous because the forcing is dependent on other atmospheric and surface variables. In the case of doubling CO2, the monthly mean instantaneous forcing at the top of the atmosphere is found to vary geographically and temporally from positive to negative values, with the rang...
The radiative impacts of the stratosphere in global warming simulations are investigated using abrupt CO2 quadrupling experiments of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), with a focus on stratospheric temperature and water vapor. It is found that the stratospheric temperature change has a robust bullhorn-like zonal-mean patter...
Record ozone loss was observed in the stratospheric Arctic in the spring of 2011. In the present work, we show observational evidence that the record loss of Arctic ozone is due to the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex in the winter of 2010–2011. The polar vortex was as usual in early winter, but was intensified twice in midd...
To investigate the changes in surface solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation
due to climate change under cloud free conditions in tropical regions
(30S-30N), we have analyzed the simulations of 10 coupled
Chemistry-Climate Models (CCMs). The total ozone columns and vertical
profiles of ozone and temperature projected from the simulated outputs
were used...
Recent simulations predicted that the stratospheric ozone layer will likely return to pre-1980 levels in the middle of the 21st century, as a result of the decline of ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol. Since the ozone layer is an important component in determining stratospheric and tropospheric-surface energy balance, the recov...
Observations show a stabilization or a weak increase of the stratospheric ozone layer since the late 1990s. Recent coupled chemistry-climate model simulations predicted that the stratospheric ozone layer will likely return to pre-1980 levels in the middle of the 21st century, as a results of the decline of ozone depleting substances under the 1987...
Increasing greenhouse gases and likely ozone recovery will be the two most important factors influencing changes in stratospheric temperatures in the 21st century. The radiative effect of increasing greenhouse gases will cause cooling in the stratosphere, while ozone recovery will lead to stratospheric warming. To investigate how stratospheric temp...
