Yama Temouri

Aston University · Economics and Strategy Group

Purpose This paper examines the role played by business cluster ecosystems and intellectual capital (IC) in achieving high-growth firm (HGF) status. Design/methodology/approach We draw our insights from the knowledge-based perspective and economic geography as a theoretical lens, which combined offer a more unifying understanding of how business c...

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has showcased the lack of resilience found in the global value chains (GVCs) of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Existing evidence shows that MNEs have only recently and slowly started recovering and attempting to rebuild the resilience of their GVCs. This paper analyzes the challenges/inhibitors faced by MNEs in buil...

There is growing interest in the nature and possible extent of de-globalization. This paper explores the impact that protectionist measures have on multinational enterprise (MNE) reshoring back to the UK. Besides taking into account the global trends indicating a return to protectionism, the existing literature highlights various firm-level and str...

Purpose Previous research provides adequate evidence on performance management (PM) for hospitals and healthcare providers; however, less is known about their individual and PM appraisal process. Additionally, there is limited research exploring PM in the Middle Eastern context. This study investigates PM practices in the Middle Eastern healthcare...

Tax havens are often connected to growth in tourism, as finance and tourism conveniently share infrastructural prerequisites. This paper addresses the detrimental impacts of a tax haven development strategy adopted by small open economies in relation to the development of their tourism industry. Utilizing the synthetic control method, we find that...

While raising concerns, the recent proliferation of grand challenges has sparked interest in the role played by innovation in causing them, and in how the attempts made to fix them may cause even greater challenges that present themselves down the line. This article provides an analysis of the bibliographic metadata, published between 2002 and 2020...

This paper presents an investigation of the relationship between home country institutional quality and EMNE investments in tax havens. We develop a conceptual framework that adapts the institutional escapism framework, whereby EMNEs expand globally to escape any home country institutional hazards, together with the institutional leverage framework...

Blockchain technology (BCT) has caught tremendous attention from businesses. In the present study, the authors propose that if BCT is used to track a product’s life cycle, that is, when it was manufactured, purchased, and used by the first and subsequent owners, the information asymmetry present in the pre-owned automobile market can be significant...

Coopetition (mix of cooperation and competition) is a strategy used by most businesses that mutually benefit from each other (Pattinson et al., 2018; Gnyawali et al., 2016). Coopetition was seen among vaccine and medical equipment manufacturers in the USA, Germany, and China who shared knowledge to collectively develop Covid-19 vaccines and other e...

During the Covid-19 pandemic, governments have also been supportive to SMEs. For example, in France, the government sanctioned 4 billion Euros (Mawad, 2020) and in the UK, 1 billion GBP was set aside for SMEs (Stothard, 2020). Collaborations for innovation and sustainability are critical for SMEs. Ties with the government can help in tax reductions...

This paper explores the extent to which SMEs can adapt and develop circular economy practices in an emerging market context. Since the evidence provided by the literature is mostly based on large firms operating in developed countries, our focus on India’s indigenous Ayurveda industry allows a much-needed and nuanced lens through which to view circ...

The literature on tax havens utilization by multinational enterprises (MNEs) has largely focused on determinants that are financial or technological in nature. We contribute to this literature by showing important corporate governance determinants for tax haven utilization by Asia-Pacific and OECD country MNEs. Theoretically, we show that ownership...

The research on different characteristics of Asia-Pacific multinationalcorporations (MNCs) in the context of the various institutional and tax regimes, governance issues and executive pay/firm performance implications in tax havens has attracted significant scholarly attention. Drawing on the cross-disciplinary literature as well as the five articl...

While researchers have analysed how multinational enterprises (MNEs) cope with the challenges and risks related to undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI), their findings have only led to a partial understanding of the optimal risk involved in the knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship strategies chosen by MNEs at the time of entry, and of the in...

Our study contributes to the emerging research on the dark side of inter-organisational relationships by focusing on intra-organisational dynamics within partner organisations. In particular, we explored and unbundled the structural and relational complexities that underpin intra-organisational dynamics. We adopted a longitudinal case study design...

Generally, every business is regulated by law. And within this regulated framework, all responsible stakeholders look for their share of profit from the overall business turnover. During a crisis, if the organization is unable to perform, all stakeholders are on the losing side. Mainly organizations suffer from financial loss. One reason could be t...

Having set the scene above, here from a more philosophical perspective, we start the discussion with the key question of what the purpose of a business is. Why do businesses exist, what are they for? Whom do they exist for? What is their prime objective? And this philosophical question is very important to reflect upon in terms of large and small b...

Adopting the knowledge-based view (KBV), this study investigates how and when firms in emerging economies are able to generate greater performance from the absorptive capacity (AC). We distinguish between two core components of AC - potential absorptive capacity (PAC) and realized absorptive capacity (RAC) - and examine their independent as well as...

By taking an objective and scientific bibliometric analysis approach, this paper presents the first review of the extant knowledge base on tax havens. This analysis has guided us in developing an overarching theoretical framework that examines the determinants of the use of tax havens by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Based on our systematic rev...

This paper explores the positive and negative social impact of business relationships in the Ghanian gold mining industry. We adopted an in-depth longitudinal case study approach to explore the responsible and irresponsible behaviour of dominant stakeholders in Ghana’s mining sector. Exploiting unique primary data collected from various stakeholder...

Despite the recent attention in the media and focus in the academic literature on tax havens and tax mitigation strategies, we know very little about how the use of tax havens relates to a firm’s internationalisation strategy. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model that explains how FDI into tax havens relates to the standard FDI motives iden...

Family firms have been associated with an enhanced propensity for corporate social responsibility (CSR), but does this imply that family firms have a reduced propensity for corporate social irresponsibility (CSI)? Drawing on the behavioural agency model (BAM) and socio‐emotional wealth (SEW) perspectives, our study explores the ‘dark side’ of famil...

Purpose This paper documents and links firm- and country-level outcomes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) by portraying how the Chinese economy has fared during the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by shedding light on the factors that determine the effectiveness of health policies implemented in China. Design/methodology/app...

In this introduction we review the extant literature that demonstrate the importance of the Middle Eastern institutional and cultural context in shaping international business’s (IB) strategies and practices across several countries. Drawing on the literature, as well as the five articles included in this special issue, we (1) outline the state of...

By applying a combined theoretical lens to high-performance work systems (HPWSs), organisational development (OD), and socio-technical systems (STS), this paper examines their impact in creating an agile and ambidextrous context for the management of strategic dualities, especially in times of uncertainty. Using a qualitative case study of an emerg...

While there are a number of dimensions to sustainability, ranging from the environmental to the social, a common assumption in the literature is that firms from the mature markets are more likely to have the capacity and indeed, rationale to take sustainability more seriously. Emerging market counterparts, MNEs included, are seen to lag behind in s...

This paper draws on the resource-based view and organisational learning theory to analyse the moderating role played by state ownership and acquisition experience in the performance of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). We contribute to the evolving literature on state-owned EMNEs by identifying various post cross-border acquisition...

This paper utilizes the lenses of knowledge capital and institutional theories to examine the role knowledge capital plays in the context of entry into social versus commercial entrepreneurship. We also investigate the moderating role of national culture in the relationship between knowledge capital and entrepreneurship. Using data from the Global...

This paper systematically reviews the relationship between cross-border knowledge flows and innovation across several literature strands in international business, management, strategy and innovation. We contribute to the international business literature by documenting, for the first time, the evolving nature of the relationship between cross-bord...

This paper explores the development of an ambidextrous context in a rapidly growing emerging market multinational (EMNE), thus unbundling cultural and structural complexities. We use the micro-foundational lens of ambidexterity to explore and identify different processes, structures and mechanisms that underpin the development of ambidextrous pract...

Empirical work on the environmental effects of FDI has produced a mixed bag of results, with hardly any evidence for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. A theoretical model is presented, postulating that whether FDI has a positive or negative effect on the environment depends on the position of the underlying country or region on the env...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of intellectual capital and knowledge management in the entrepreneurial success of firms through a research model which is subsequently tested empirically. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises the knowledge-based perspective to formulate three sets of hypotheses which the authors s...

Despite the growing importance of regional innovation systems as agglomerations of firms and actors that possess technical, leadership and managerial endowments for innovation and R&D activities, their impact on the evolution of global innovation hubs is still unclear. We address this gap by investigating the multiple influences of macro-, meso-and...

Purpose This paper examines the leading publication trends including the extent and impact of intellectual capital research in the Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) over a two-decade period (2000–2020). The bibliometric analysis offers the description of publications trends such as key authors, articles, cited references, institutions and count...

The Panama Papers leak has created widespread media attention on global tax evasion and money laundering. This paper is the first to investigate the impact of the Panama Papers on the aggregate economy of Panama, the epicentre of the scandal. Based on a cross-country data set for the time period 1999 to 2018, we adopt a recently developed method ca...

Using the resource-based view of the firm, this article examines how different resources are used by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in response to environmental uncertainty in an emerging market context. A survey was conducted involving 212 owners, CEOs, or managing directors of SMEs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to explore the driv...

The global health system has significantly evolved over the last 30 years, particularly since the UN Millennium Declaration in 2000. The transformation in global healthcare partnerships has been most visible in the area of neglected tropical diseases, where technological innovation is directly linked to social change. Numerous strategic partnership...

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the information technology and business process outsourcing (IT/BPO) sector are at the forefront of technological disruption and change, which necessitates firms to remain agile and continuously innovate their business models. This paper investigates the investments made by IT/BPO MNEs in intangible assets and th...

Providing evidence of the role of human capital on innovation in the Middle East, this edited collection closely examines the unique nature of the workforce in this region. It highlights the challenges that the United Arab Emirates faces in becoming more globally competitive, with emphasis on its unique socio-cultural context and a rapidly changing...

This article contributes to the dynamic capabilities (DCs) literature by exploring the link between sensing, seizing and reconfiguring and firm performance defined as commercially successful high margin products development (HMPD). Our qualitative findings are based on semi-structured interviews conducted within a multinational telecommunication co...

This paper examines the influence of the institutional, economic and social characteristics of a region on firm growth through employment generation across 14 European countries for the time period 2010–2013. Theoretically, we utilize the resource‐based view alongside insights from institutional theory to develop a conceptual framework that capture...

The sustained growth and importance of Asia as a hub of economic, social and political activity has attracted significant foreign direct investment and opportunities for economies from the West and other parts of the world to invest in this fast growing region. Regional headquarters and global innovation hubs of large multinational corporations (MN...

This paper investigates the impact of offshore outsourcing across 5746 European service multinational enterprises (MNEs) on employment at home. We estimate labour demand equations and specifically isolate the global financial crisis (GFC) by undertaking analysis through our longitudinal 19-year panel data, separately for the pre- (1997–2007) and cr...

This paper investigates and explores the link between the resilience of organisations, its human capital and firm performance. We base our analysis on the resource based view of the firm, cluster strategy and conservation of resources theories. Our contribution is contextualized by comparing the performance of business clusters across two observati...

This chapter aims to explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) can contribute to national responsibility to achieve the international agendas related to sustainability. This research reveals that in the context of sustainability within the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the private sector through CSR is influenced/motivated to support the nati...

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the impact of dynamic capability (DC) of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) on their firm technological performance by teasing out the concepts of agility and knowledge management (KM) through DC. Design/methodology/approach Evidence from this study is contextualised on EMNEs that operate in the UK, Germany...

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between foreign ownership and firm performance, using an approach which the authors show is more advanced than existing methods, and more aligned with accepted theory and conceptual frameworks developed in international business. The authors demonstrate that simply relying on a binary distinction...

We examine the determinants of the decision to relocate activities abroad for firms located in OECD countries. We argue that particular firm‐specific features play a crucial role for the link between employment protection and relocation. Stricter employment protection laws over time in the current production location discourage firms’ relocation ab...

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) agglomerate in specific locations not only to reduce transactions costs and benefit from other foreign companies’ experience, but also to exploit specialized local assets, such as a skilled labour market, specialized suppliers and access to new knowledge. The proximity to research facilities and/or spatial agglomera...

Purpose Based on the multi-faceted nature of High growth firms (HGFs) and the significant investments by governments to make the business environment more conducive to firm growth, the effects of changing institutions impacting on HGFs has not been explored in any great detail. While we have a very clear understanding of the spatial variations of...

This paper investigates the association between the Big 4 accountancy firms and the extent to which multinational enterprises build, manage and maintain their networks of tax haven subsidiaries. We extend internalisation theory and derive a number of hypotheses that are tested using count models on firm-level data. Our key findings demonstrate that...

This paper investigates how a US gold mining multinational enterprise (MNE) – one of the world's largest – operates its subsidiaries in various parts of the world by creating a unique ‘glocal identity’. The US parent company has experienced several significant challenges across its network of subsidiaries. These challenges were mostly linked to the...

Despite the high degree of attention that re-shoring has recently attracted in the media, we lack detailed understanding of the drivers of such an important strategic change by a multinational enterprise (MNE). We offer the first large-scale analysis of the factors that influence a firm's decision to re-shore. Our analysis is based on 3683 MNEs fro...

This paper applies property rights theory to explain changes in foreign affiliates’ ownership. Post-entry ownership change is driven by both firm-level characteristics and by the differences in the institutional environments in host countries. We distinguish between financial market development and the level of corruption as two different instituti...

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) agglomerate in specific locations not only to reduce transactions costs and benefit from other foreign companies’ experience, but also to exploit specialized local assets, such as a skilled labour market, specialized suppliers and access to new knowledge. The proximity to research facilities and/or spatial agglomera...

This paper develops an approach to the analysis of cross-listing that brings together the financial and non-financial benefits of the phenomenon. We employ the real options framework, which offers a detailed characterisation of the strategic issues associated with cross-listing, in the context of internationalisation of emerging market firms. The a...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the changing motives and location choice patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) from South Korea to China. Prior to the global financial crisis of 2008, South Korean multinational enterprises (MNEs) invested in China for efficiency-seeking motives in order to take advantage of low costs. While evidence i...

This paper examines the determinants of a multinational enterprise's (MNEs) decision to set up tax haven subsidiaries. We adapt the firm-specific advantage–country-specific advantage (FSA–CSA) framework and construct a number of empirically testable hypotheses. The analysis is based on a database covering 14,209 MNEs in twelve OECD countries. We fi...

This paper examines changes in the drivers of productivity in Germany over the period 1997-2012. We start by comparing the performance of German firms and inward investors before and during the recovery from the recent global financial crisis of 2008 across a range of sectors, and subsequently examine the channels through which different firms are...

This paper examines the determinants of a multinational enterprise’s (MNEs) decision to invest in countries classified as tax havens. To the best of our knowledge this has not been analysed at the cross-country level before. We use the ownership-location-internalisation (OLI) paradigm and link it with financial specific advantages to develop a numb...

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on the link between tax haven presence of MNEs and firm level performance. To the best of our knowledge this has not been done before. By presenting total factor productivity (TFP) and profitability estimates over the period 2002-2011, our results show that MNEs that have tax haven presence perform b...

Empirical We combine agency and institutional theory to explain the division of equity shares between the foreign (majority) and local (minority) partners within foreign affiliates. We posit that once the decision to invest is made, the ownership structure is arranged so as to generate appropriate incentives to local partners, taking into account b...

There is considerable evidence that high-growth firms (HGFs) contribute significantly to employment and economic growth. However, the literature so far does not adequately explore the link between HGFs and productivity. This paper investigates the empirical link between total factor productivity (TFP) growth and HGFs, defined in terms of sales grow...

The theme for the Academy of International Business (UK and Ireland chapter) 2013 Conference was International Business, Institutions and Performance after the Financial Crisis. Developed economies are still reeling from the aftermath of the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. The bursting of the US housing bubble triggered huge loss...

A stylized fact from the literature on the Micro-econometrics of International Trade and a central implication of the heterogeneous firm models from the New New Trade Theory is that exporters are more productive than non-exporters. It is argued that this exporter productivity premium is due to extra costs of exporting that can be covered only by mo...

This paper explores the divergent effects of institutional reforms on firm’s productivity and profits. To assess this empirically, we investigate the impact of various components of economic liberalisation on the performance of firms from Central and Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2006. The impact of reforms on profitability vis-à-vis prod...

This paper shows the performance of eighty leading innovative local clusters on six measures of enterprise performance: share of new and young firms and growth of employment, turnover, profitability, liquidity ratio and solvency ratio. The data show the performance of clusters before and during the global economic crisis and suggest that clusters d...

This paper examines what is still a relatively new phenomenon in the literature, the outsourcing/offshoring of high-technology manufacturing and services. This has become a concern for both policy makers and academics for two reasons. Firstly, policy makers have become concerned that the offshoring of high-technology sectors in the West will follow...

We argue that in addition to host corruption per se, as accounted for by the existing literature, an explanation of inter-country variation in FDI needs to account for the distance between the host and home corruption, which we call relative corruption. We use a large matched home-host firm-level panel data-set for 1998-2006 from CEE transition cou...

This paper extends the limited literature on the link between productivity effects and outward FDI. By presenting German productivity growth effects across low and high cost locations over the period 1997 – 2006, our results show that the evidence relating outward FDI to productivity growth at home is generally positive but quite small. A 10 per ce...

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the spread of high-tech manufacturing and services away from the West, and the subsequent impact on output and employment in the home country. There is a large amount of work that seeks to examine the extent to which low skill workers in high-income countries are vulnerable to competition from workers in de...

This study reports results from an empirical investigation of business services sector firms that (start to) export, comparing exporters to firms that serve the national market only. We estimate identically specified empirical models using comparable enterprise level data from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Exporters are more productive a...

FDI plays a key role in development, particularly in resource-constrained transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe with relatively low savings rates. Gains from technology transfer play a critical role in motivating FDI, yet potential for it may be hampered by a large technology gap between the source and host country. While the extent...

This paper provides firm-level evidence on the labour demand effects of outward investments using a panel of multinationals (MNEs) based in Germany. Distinguishing the type of investments and the location of subsidiaries around the world between 1997 and 2008, our evidence shows that for both the manufacturing and services sector the expansion of e...

This paper presents differences in firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) across 22 manufacturing and 17 service industries in Germany over the period 1995–2004. It is an attempt to study whether and to what extent foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) are more productive relative to German firms. As well as distinguishing between foreign an...