Xuan Gao

• Boston University

High-density lipoproteins (HDL, or "good cholesterol") are heterogeneous nanoparticles that remove excess cell cholesterol and protect against atherosclerosis. The cardioprotective action of HDL and its major protein, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), is well-established, yet the function of the second major protein, apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), is le...

Lipoproteins are water-soluble non-covalent assemblies comprised of several proteins (termed apolipoproteins) and several hundred lipid molecules. These assemblies mediate transport and metabolism of lipids and are central to the development of major human diseases, most notably atherosclerosis. Plasma lipoproteins are divided into classes accordin...

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in developed countries. High density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol level correlates inversely with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, HDL has obtained lots of interest for drug development. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms for the antiatherogenic function of HDL, current HDL-based d...

High‐density lipoproteins (HDL) are protein‐lipid complexes that prevent atherosclerosis by removing cell cholesterol. During cholesterol transport, HDL undergo fusion and rupture upon remodeling by plasma factors, and form subclasses differing in size, composition and function. Thus, large HDL are more cardioprotective than small HDL, while HDL(A‐...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complexes of proteins (mainly apoA-I and apoA-II) and lipids that remove cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis. Understanding the distinct properties of the heterogeneous HDL population may aid the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies for atherosclerosis. Mature human HDLs form two major subclasse...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are protein-lipid assemblies that remove excess cell cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis. HDLs are stabilized by kinetic barriers that decelerate protein dissociation and lipoprotein fusion. We propose that similar barriers modulate metabolic remodeling of plasma HDLs; hence, changes in particle composition that...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) prevent atherosclerosis by removing cholesterol from macrophages and by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Oxidation is thought to impair HDL functions, yet certain oxidative modifications may be advantageous; thus, mild oxidation reportedly enhances cell cholesterol uptake by HDL whereas extensive...