Xing Shi

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Verified

Xing verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Tongji University

To address the limitations of current urban building energy modeling (UBEM), which often neglects moisture effects, we developed a comprehensive roadmap for modeling urban heat and moisture flows. This effort included developing an urban-scale whole-building heat and moisture transfer (HAMT) model that considers wind-driven rain, integrated with a...

Residential areas are the basic unit related to the living quality of urban residents, and their comfort is one of the key concerns of residents. Greening has always been an important means to improve the living environment of residential communities. In this paper, ENVI-met V4 simulation software is verified and used to discuss the influence of th...

Simulating and predicting urban patterns enables evidence-based decision-making for urban planners. Given limited resources, understanding how to improve urban residential quality and rationally plan the distribution of different quality levels warrants further study. Using cellular automata (CA) and agent-based modules, this study proposes a multi...

While previous research has explored factors influencing point-in-time thermal comfort, the mechanisms behind long-term thermal comfort remain elusive. This study utilized cognitive psychology theory to identify factors influencing long-term thermal comfort through statistical analyses of surveys across China and physical measurements in three Shan...

In order to reduce the contribution of the building sector to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, it is important to improve the building performance through retrofits from the perspective of carbon emission reductions. Data-driven methods are now widely used in building retrofit research. To better apply data-driven techniques in l...

Urban-Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) tools play a crucial role in analysing and optimizing energy use within cities. Among the available approaches, the bottom-up physics-based one is the most versatile for urban development and management applications. However, their accuracy is often limited by the inability to capture the dynamic impact of occ...

The local climate zone (LCZ) scheme efficiently associates urban forms with thermal environments. However, confronted with diversified urban fabrics, the initial LCZ scheme has encountered challenges of its restricted classes and intraclass temperature differences. This study aimed to develop an expanded LCZ scheme to accommodate the diversified ur...

To address the problems associated with the accuracy of existing resistance-capacitance (RC)-based urban building energy modeling (UBEM) being low, a novel RC-based UBEM was developed. This model takes into account construction boundary heterogeneity by clustering and lumping together building construction elements with similar boundary conditions....

To address the increased energy demands and carbon emissions caused by global urbanization, it is imperative to seek high-performance urban design solutions. Urban form generation and optimization (UFGO) is a powerful way of supporting performance-driven urban design by strategically searching for a possible design space to approach optimal solutio...

In the context of global warming, improving energy-use efficiency is an important research topic in the fields of green buildings and eco-cities. There is an indivisible coupling relationship between the urban climate and urban building energy (UBE). Urban wind environments (UWE), including urban thermal and humid environment, is widely believed to...

In the published publication [...]

Phase change materials (PCMs) could be used in envelopes to moderate indoor temperature while hygroscopic materials could be used in envelopes to moderate indoor humidity. However, it remains unsolved whether these two materials are mixed to generate a better effect than single materials. Therefore, a transient model for coupled heat and moisture t...

Planting trees around buildings has always been used as one of the most common viable landscaping strategies in schools. However, the impact of trees on natural ventilation inside the building has been neglected without investigation. The emphasis of this study related to the impact of outdoor trees around the academic building on indoor ventilatio...

Optimising HVAC operations towards human wellness and energy efficiency is a major challenge for smart facilities management, especially amid COVID situations. Although IoT sensors and deep learning were applied to support HVAC operations, the loss of forecasting accuracy in recursive prediction largely hinders their applications. This study presen...

Studies have shown that urban vegetation can be an effective strategy for reducing energy consumption in urban buildings by regulating the microclimate and shading solar radiation on building surfaces. However, an understanding of the potential energy savings of vegetation morphological planning at the urban scale is still lacking, particularly reg...

To address the challenges associated with the efficiency of calculating beam shadows on building exterior surfaces in dense urban contexts being low, a novel “neighbourhood shading building surfaces” determination criterion is proposed. The criterion was applied to the beam shadow calculation methods to evaluate its effectiveness in two case studie...

Smart metering and the internet of things (IoT) accumulate massive time-series building data. Mining operation patterns from time-series data have huge potential to provide extra information for improving energy efficiency. Previous studies mainly focused on mining control patterns of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC). Mi...

In order to address the increased urban heat island (UHI) effects and energy demand caused by global urbanization, it is imperative to seek sustainable urban design solutions. It is widely acknowledged that urban green infrastructure (UGI), which includes site-scale vegetation and building-integrated vegetation, influences the energy consumption of...

Thermal parameters of construction assemblies, e.g., the U-values of roofs, walls, floors, ground floors, windows and the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of windows, are significant inputs for urban building energy models (UBEMs). However, estimating these values at the urban scale is difficult. A common practice to handle this issue is the use...

In Urban Building Energy Models (UBEMs), buildings are usually modelled via archetypes describing occupants’ behaviour via fixed schedules. This research (i) creates data-driven schedules for electric use and occupancy from smart meter readings randomly distributed in the model to improve residential archetypes, (ii) assesses the impact of these sc...

The layout of an office significantly affects human health, well-being and productivity in multi-occupancy offices, while the relationship and prioritization of various office layout factors have not been clarified. This study conducts a thorough investigation of office layout factors on occupant satisfaction. Existing pieces of literature were dec...

With the widespread of the internet of things (IoT) and smart metering, more and more time-series data are being collected. However, building energy managers cannot easily interpret the fluctuating energy data. There is a need for readable indicators of building operations to identify energy wasting with time-series data. Improving the management o...

The balance of energy consumption, indoor environmental satisfaction and cost is a continuing challenge in the field of building energy efficiency research. Building transparent envelope play a key role in building energy-saving design. While in existing BIM system, the separation of component family and local supply chain hinders the integrated pe...

Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) play an essential role in reducing urban building energy consumption by cooling surrounding areas and shielding buildings from direct solar radiation heat gain. Although the energy-saving effect of UGIs is widely agreed upon, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about how UGI morphology affects urban building e...

Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) is essential for urban energy-related applications. Its generation mainly requires four data inputs, including geometric data, non-geometric data, weather data, and validation and calibration data. A reliable UBEM depends on the quantity and accuracy of the data inputs. However, the lack of available data and t...

As the number of high-rise buildings increases, so does the demand for meteorological data at different heights. The difference in meteorological elements in the vertical direction should be considered in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design and building performance simulations (BPS). This study uses a meteorological tower in Beijing a...

Employee satisfaction significantly affects health, well-being and productivity, and office layout plays a dominant role in office psychological satisfaction. However, existing studies have not yet proposed a quantitative evaluation method for office layout satisfaction to assist design decisions. This study conducts a post-occupancy evaluation (PO...

The urban thermal and wind environment (UTWE) has become a major concern in urban planning design. Consideration of the UTWE involves steps of modelling, assessment, and improvement on multiple scales. However, the method specifications of each step on different scales are unclear, and a comprehensive review of relevant studies is thus required. On...

To improve the solution efficiency of coupled heat and moisture model for porous media, the tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA) was adopted to solve the model, and the comparisons between the TDMA and the iteration method were conducted. The sensitivity analysis between the TDMA calculation error and the time increment was conducted. Based on the s...

The mountain or hill with lots of natural vegetation in a city has obvious cooling effects, so it can play a significant role in the regulation of urban microclimate and mitigation of urban heat island (UHI). In this paper, the influences of wind direction on the cooling effects of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing were evaluated. Firstly, the land sur...

Studies have confirmed that urban green infrastructure (UGI) profoundly impacts urban building energy consumption by regulating urban microclimate, providing shading to buildings, and other mechanisms. This impact is largely dependent on the morphology of UGI. Although this conclusion is widely accepted there lacks a systematic approach to quantify...

Understanding window operating behavior in offices is important in terms of its influence on reducing energy consumption and improving indoor comfort. Researchers have applied different mathematical methods to develop useful window operating behavior models, however, the applicable machine learning algorithms are still in their preliminary research...

Three dimensional (3D) geometric models of buildings are foundational for urban building energy modeling. A complete 3D geometric model contains building-relevant information like building footprint, height and Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR). Existing methods creating these models have certain limitations, such as unavailability of Geographic Informati...

Air conditioning (AC) operating behavior has a significant influence on the energy consumption of buildings. Machine learning (ML) methods have recently been developed and have shown a high performance in predicting occupant behaviors. However, owing to a lack of comparison of different ML algorithms based on the same database and evaluation indica...

The concept of net zero energy building (NZEB) has attracted worldwide attention and has the potential to achieve significant energy and emissions reductions. Various technical strategies have been demonstrated to be able to achieve the net-zero-energy target. However, this issue becomes more complex when the economic performances of these strategi...

Data-driven green building design in BIM is challenged by the lack of a comprehensive data integration framework with the capabilities of building life-cycle performance data management and application. This paper proposes a performance integrated BIM (P-BIM) framework for building life cycle energy efficiency and environment optimization. A school...

Building performance design plays a key role in reducing the energy consumption of buildings. However, the widely used simulation-based design is facing several challenges, such as the labor-intensive modeling process and the performance gaps between design stage estimations and operational energy use. For these reasons, artificial intelligent meth...

Building performance design (BPD) is a crucial pathway to achieve high-performance buildings. Previous simulation-based BPD is being questioned due to the performance gaps between simulated and measured values. In recent years, accumulated on-site building performance data (OBPD) make it possible to analyze and design buildings with data-driven met...

The thermal performance of building walls could be improved by using phase change material (PCM), and there is already a lot of research about the heat transfer characteristics of PCM walls. However, the moisture transfer characteristics of PCM walls have rarely been studied. It is known that the heat transfer and the moisture transfer in the walls...

In this paper, a transient model for coupled heat and moisture transfer in building materials based on phase change criterion (PCC) was built. The PCC was introduced in both the energy conservation equation and the moisture conservation equation to simplify the model. The relations between PCC and usual material hygrothermal properties under isothe...

This book is the collection of contributions presented by the professors who participated in the first edition of the International Summer School (ISS) GIS-BIM for digital integrated design held online from 31 August to 11 September 2020 organized by the Department of Planning, Design, and Technology of Architecture of the Sapienza University of Ro...

The heat and moisture transfer in building materials has significant effects on the energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort. In this paper, an improved heat and moisture transfer model based on temperature gradient coefficient (TGC) and phase change criterion (PCC) was built. The effects of relative humidity and temperature on liquid water co...

The morphology of urban green infrastructure (UGI) will affect the quality of urban environment and the way people perceive. The three-dimensional morphological features of UGI have been proven to be the key factors to effect urban ecological environment, which have rarely been incorporated into the UGI morphology in the previous researches. In thi...

The problem of the urban thermal environment is becoming increasingly noticeable in the process of modern urban development. The temperature patterns in central business districts can be more complicated due to the heterogeneous urban spaces and diverse building forms, which need more cross-scale research. This study investigated the correlation be...

Urban energy simulation can provide valuable information to urban planning, urban energy management, and urban emission reduction. Therefore, urban energy simulation has become an active research discipline. Various urban energy simulation methods and techniques have been developed and applied to cities on different scales. A review is conducted to...

Data-driven methods have been widely applied in the prediction of energy consumption in buildings. However, existing well-established data-driven models can hardly be used for energy-efficient design. This study aims to explore the underlying causes and propose an innovative method to exclusively develop models for energy-efficient design. First, a...

One of the many consequences of urbanization is the expansion of cities into rural areas, which leads to the transformation of lands from natural surfaces to developed surfaces. It is widely considered an established fact that urbanization generally increases the heat island effect. The objective of this study is to understand the pattern of urban...

Research on the window operating behavior of offices is of great significance for reducing building energy consumption and improving indoor comfort. The open-plan office is a common office form that involves a large number of people and a complex staff composition. The window operating behaviors in open-plan offices are also random and various. Thi...