Xing Lü

• Beijing Jiaotong University

Under investigation in this paper is a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, which was proposed and analyzed to study features and properties of nonlinear dynamics in higher dimensions. Using the Hirota bilinear method, we construct a bilinear Bäcklund transformation, which consists of four equations and involves six free parameters. With...

A p-generalized Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation is introduced by using generalized bilinear differential operators. The lump solutions, one-lump-one-kink and one-lump-two-kink solutions are derived with symbolic computations. For the two types of mixed solutions, assuming vx and vy represent velocities of the kink waves along the x-axis and th...

In this paper, a novel two-stage epidemic model with a dynamic control strategy is proposed to describe the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Combined with local epidemic control policies, an epidemic model with a traceability process is established. We aim to investigate the appropriate control strategies to minimize the con...

The N-rational solutions to two (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations are constructed by utilizing the long wave limit method. M-lump solutions to the two equations are derived by making some parameters conjugate to each other. We present and discuss the 1-, 2- and 3-lump solutions to the two equations. The amplitude and shape of the one...

As a kind of analytical exact solutions to the nonlinear evolution equations, the interaction solutions are of great value in the study of the interacting mechanism in nonlinear science. In this paper, an optional decoupling condition approach is proposed for deriving the lump-stripe solutions and lump-soliton solutions to the KPI equation. We deri...

With the Hirota bilinear method and symbolic computation, we investigate the (3+1)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(3+1)$$\end{document}-dimensional gene...

We analyze soliton solutions and verify the Hirota N-soliton condition for the BKP equation, within the Hirota bilinear formulation. A weight number is used in an algorithm to check the Hirota condition while transforming the Hirota function in N wave vectors to a homogeneous polynomial. Soliton solutions are presented under general dispersion rela...

Interaction solutions between lump and soliton are analytical exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. The explicit expressions of the interaction solutions are of value for analysis of the interacting mechanism. We analyze the one-lump-multi-stripe and one-lump-multi-soliton solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations...

The (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili type equations describe the nonlinear phenomena and characteristics in oceanography, fluid dynamics and shallow water. In the literature, a novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model is proposed, and the localized wave interaction solutions are studied including lump-kink and lump-soliton types. Hereby, it...

A generalized Burgers equation with variable coefficients is introduced based on the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equation. Using the test function method combined with the bilinear form, we obtain the lump solutions to the generalized Burgers equation with variable coefficients. The amplitude and velocity of the extremum point are derived to analyze...

In this paper, we study abundant exact solutions including the lump and interaction solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation. With symbolic computation, lump solutions and the interaction solutions are generated directly based on the Hirota bilinear formulation. Analyticity and well-definedness is guaranteed through some...

In this paper, a (3+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-like equation is introduced based on the (2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation. Bäcklund transformation and corresponding exponential function solutions are deduced by virtue of the Hirota bilinear form. The lump solutions are constructed and the interaction phenomena between a lump wave...

Resonance phenomena occur widely in fluid, physics and other fields, e.g., they are related with the optical elements, the well-balanced scheme for shallow water with discontinuous topography, and some phenomena in chaotic dynamics and fluid dynamics. Application of the principle of linear superposition to the Hirota bilinear equation gives rise to...

In this paper, we focus on the interaction behavior associated with a generalized (2+1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation. With symbolic computation, two types of interaction solutions including lump-kink and lump-soliton ones are derived through mixing two positive quadratic functions with an exponential function, or two positive quadratic func...

To study the lump–soliton interaction phenomenon for the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear model with dimensional reduction, interaction solutions have been formulated by combining positive quadratic functions with hyperbolic function in bilinear equations. The collision between lump and soliton has been analyzed and simulated. When the lump is induced...

In this paper, a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation and its reduction is studied by use of the Hirota bilinear method and the test function method. With symbolic computation, diversity of exact solutions is obtained by solving the under-determined nonlinear system of algebraic equations for the associated parameters. Finally, analysis a...

In this paper, a \((3+1)\)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is cast into Hirota bilinear form with a dependent variable transformation. A bilinear Bäcklund transformation is then presented, which consists of six bilinear equations and involves nine arbitrary parameters. With multiple exponential function method and symbolic computation, non...

We study an integrable two-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system by using the method of linear transformation. With the aid of the traveling wave solutions of the classical NLS equation, we can construct forty-eight different types of solutions for the two-coupled NLS system. Finally, we use numerical methods to compute the stability eigenvalu...

Associated with the prime number \(p=3\), a combined model of generalized bilinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili and Boussinesq equation (gbKPB for short) in terms of the function f is proposed, which involves four arbitrary coefficients. To guarantee the existence of lump solutions, a constraint among these four coefficients is presented firstly, and the...

With symbolic computation, two classes of lump solutions to the dimensionally reduced equations in (2+1)-dimensions are derived, respectively, by searching for positive quadratic function solutions to the associated bilinear equations. To guarantee analyticity and rational localization of the lumps, two sets of sufficient and necessary conditions a...

For the exponential traveling wave solutions to the Hirota bilinear equations, a sufficient and necessary criterion for the existence of linear superposition principle has been given. Motivated by this criterion, we propose a new Hirota bilinear equation via using a multivariate polynomial. Applying the linear superposition principle to this new Hi...

Lie symmetry analysis is performed on a two-dimensional generalized Sawada–Kotera equation, which arises in various problems in mathematical physics. Exact solutions are obtained using the Lie point symmetries method and the simplest equation method.

Based on the Lax representation, we solve the three coupled higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equations with the achievement of N-soliton solution formula, by means of Darboux transformation. With the involvement of multi-parameters (actually 21parameters) in the two-soliton solutions, we investigate the soliton excitations and collisions in alpha...

Associated with the prime number p=3, the generalized bilinear operators are adopted to yield an extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like (eKP-like) equation. With symbolic computation, eighteen classes of rational solutions to the resulting eKP-like equation are generated from a search for polynomial solutions to the corresponding generalized bilinear...

With the generalized bilinear operators based on a prime number p = 3, a Hirota-Satsuma-like equation is proposed. Rational solutions are generated and graphically described by using symbolic computation software Maple.

Based on generalized bilinear forms, lump solutions, rationally localized in all directions in the space, to dimensionally reduced p-gKP and p-gBKP equations in (2+1)-dimensions are computed through symbolic computation with Maple. The sufficient and necessary conditions to guarantee analyticity and rational localization of the solutions are presen...

We directly construct a bilinear Bäcklund transformation (BT) of a (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries-like model. The construction is based on a so-called quadrilinear representation. The resulting bilinear BT is in accordance with the auxiliary-independent-variable-involved one derived with the Bell-polynomial scheme. Moreover, by applying the ga...

Describing coherently coupled and orthogonally polarized waveguide modes in the Kerr medium, vector bright solitons associated with positive coherent coupling are studied in this paper. Some conserved quantities and infinitely many conservation laws are computed, and the existence of Lax pair indicates the integrability of the two-coupled nonlinear...

Within the context of the Madelung fluid description, investigation has been carried out on the connection between the envelope soliton-like solutions of a wide family of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the soliton-like solutions of a wide family of Korteweg–de Vries or Korteweg–de Vries-type equations. Under suitable hypothesis for the current...

Within the context of the Madelung fluid description, investigation has been carried out on the connection between the envelope soliton-like solutions of a wide family of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the soliton-like solutions of a wide family of Korteweg–de Vries or Korteweg–de Vries-type equations. Under suitable hypothesis for the current...

Within the framework of the Madelung fluid description, in the present paper, we will derive bright and dark (including gray- and black-soliton) envelope solutions for a generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger model \({\mathrm {i}}\,\dfrac{\partial \varPsi }{\partial t}=\dfrac{\partial ^2 \varPsi }{\partial x^2}+{\mathrm {i}}\,a\,|\varPsi |^{2}\,\d...

With symbolic computation, Bell-polynomial scheme and bilinear method are applied to a two-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) model, which is firstly proposed with Lax pair generating technique. Bell-polynomial expression with one auxiliary independent variable is derived and transformed into bilinear form. According to the coupled two-field condi...

By means of symbolic computation and Darboux transformation, analytically and numerically investigated in this paper is a two-coupled Sasa–Satsuma system, which can describe the pulse propagation in birefringent fibers, so as to increase the bit rate in optical fibers, or achieve wavelength-division multiplexing. Analytical bright N-soliton solutio...

With symbolic computation, this paper investigates some integrable properties of a two-dimensional generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, i.e., the Bogoyavlensky–Konoplechenko model, which can govern the interaction of a Riemann wave propagating along the \(y\) -axis and a long wave propagating along the \(x\) -axis. Within the framework...

The variable-coefficient two-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) model is of considerable significance in describing many physical situations such as in canonical and cylindrical cases, and in the propagation of surface waves in large channels of varying width and depth with nonvanishing vorticity. Under investigation hereby is a generalized variab...

A spectral problem, the x-derivative part of which is a simple generalization of the standard Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur and Kaup-Newell spectral problems, is presented with its associated generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger (GMNLS) model. The N-fold Darboux transformation with multi-parameters for the spectral problem is constructed with the h...

A general two-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system is investigated with symbolic computation. The system is regarded to be a more general model than other coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems since its coefficients of the self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing terms are arbitrary. Painlevé-integrability associated with...

A coherently-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system in the optical fiber communications, with the mixed self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM) and positive coherent coupling terms, is studied through the bilinear method with an auxiliary function. Solutions for that system are found to be of two types: singular and non-singular one...

In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera model is studied with the Hirota bilinear method, gauge transformation and symbolic computation. Based on an alternative bilinear representation of the model, a bilinear Bäcklund transformation (BT) with three arbitrary constants is derived. Via applying a gauge transformation to this BT and choosi...

In this paper, the nonautonomous Lenells-Fokas (LF) model is studied with the bilinear method and symbolic computation. Such analytical solutions of the nonautonomous LF model as one-soliton, two-soliton, and earthwormons are derived. Nonautonomous characteristics are then symbolically and graphically investigated, and it is finally found that the...

The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)-type models are of significance in describing many physical situations in fluid flows (particularly for surface and internal waves), plasma physics, and solid state physics. In fluid dynamics, for example, the shallow water wave equation is utilized as a mathematical description of regular and generalized solitary waves...

With the introduction of an auxiliary function, a genuine bilinear system (in contrast to the published trilinear forms) is obtained for the two-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with negative coherent coupling in the optical fiber communications. With symbolic computation, degenerate and nondegenerate vector solitons are derived associated w...

In the present paper, with symbolic computation, a generalized (2+1)-dimensional Gardner model with t dependence is directly studied without any reductions into constant-coefficient form. Integrable properties are investigated, which mainly include the bilinear equations, bilinear Bäcklund transformation, Lax representation and analytic solutions....

In an integrable generalization of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for nonlinear pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers, certain higher-order nonlinear effects are taken into account. Hereby for such a model, our investigation focuses on the following aspects: a) modulation instability analysis of solutions in the presence of a small pertu...

Gardner model describes certain nonlinear elastic structures, ion-acoustic waves in plasmas, and shear flows in ocean and atmosphere. In this paper, by virtue of the computerized symbolic computation, the integrability of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Gardner model is investigated. Painlevé integrability conditions are derive...

In the framework of Bell-polynomial manipulations, under investigation hereby are three single-field bilinearizable equations: the (1+1)-dimensional shallow water wave model, Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli model, and (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera model. Based on the concept of scale invariance, a direct and unifying Bell-polynomial scheme is employe...

For describing the long-distance communication and manufacturing problems of N fields propagation in inhomogeneous optical fibers, we consider a generalized variable-coefficient N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with higher order effects such as the third-order dispersion, self-steepening and self-frequency shift. Using the Painlevé singularit...

In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation is studied by the truncated Painlevé expansion and Hirota bilinear method. Firstly, based on the truncation of the Painlevé series we obtain two distinct transformations which can transform the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation into two bilinear equations of different forms (which a...

Under investigation in this paper is a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an arbitrary linear time-dependent potential, which governs the soliton dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates (quasi-1DBECs). With Painlevé analysis method performed to this model, its integrability is firstly examined. Then, the distinct treatments bas...

In this paper, the multisoliton solutions in terms of double Wronskian determinant are presented for a generalized variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which appears in space and laboratory plasmas, arterial mechanics, fluid dynamics, optical communications and so on. By means of the particularly nice properties of Wronskian determi...

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger model with variable dispersion, nonlinearity and gain/loss, which could describe the propagation of optical pulse in inhomogeneous fiber systems. By employing the Hirota method, one- and two-soliton solutions are obtained with the aid of symbolic computation. Furthermore, a ge...