Xiao-ke Wang

• Researcher at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Balancing crop production and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from agriculture soil requires a better understanding and quantification of crop GHGs emission intensity, a measure of GHG emissions per unit crop production. Here, we conduct a state‐of‐the‐art estimate of the spatial‐temporal variability of GHG emission intensities for wheat, maize,...

To clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of zooplankton communities and the relationship between zooplankton and water environmental factors, 81 samples from 28 rivers and lakes in Beijing were collected in September 2017. A total of 68 species of zooplankton were identified, including 17 species of protozoa (25%), 36 species of rotifers...

Ensuring global food security requires a sound understanding of climate and environmental controls on crop productivity. The majority of existing assessments have focused on physical climate variables (i.e., mean temperature and precipitation), but less on the increasing climate extremes (e.g., drought) and their interactions with increasing levels...

To understand the pollution character of urban road runoff, the concentrations of TSS, EC, N and P in the ring road runoff of Beijing from June to September 2013 were evaluated, the correlations among pollutants were examined, and the load of TSS, N and P were estimated. Result showed that the small particulates in the range of 1-10 μm consisted of...

Quantitative information on the response of global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 is essential for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the 21st century. Using a process-based ecosystem model (the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, DLEM), we quantified the magnitude and spatiotemporal var...

Numerous studies have indicated that rising ozone (O3) in the troposphere significantly decreased the photosynthesis and the activity of Rubisco enzyme. So it can be inferred that the N uptake and distribution within the plants could be affected by elevated O3. In this study, ten greening woody species, widely distributed in subtropical China, were...

This study was initiated to explore the effects of dynamic ozone (O3) exposure on soil microbial biomass and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) under potted rice. A pulse-chase labeling experiment was designed to expose potted rice with 13CO2 for 6 h after one and two months, the rice were fumigated by elevated O3 concentration with an 8 h mean of 11...

The effects of nitrogen fertilization or nitrogen deposition on soil greenhouse gases fluxes has been well studied, while little has been piloted about the effects of nitrogen application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes and its discrepancy with different soil organic carbon content. In our study, we conducted field control experiment in a young Eucal...

The ozone weekend effect (OWE) was first investigated in the metropolitan area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), China, using in situ measurements from the Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network from July 2009 to August 2011. The results indicate that there is an obvious weekly periodical variation in the surface ozone concentration. There is a l...

With the ion-exchange resin method, the atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition in Beijing urban area within the Fifth Ring Road was investigated from June to October, 2012. The relationship between atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition and rainfall precipitation was investigated, the differences of nitrogen wet deposition in different months, different...

Policy study was one of the major planned activities of the AIRPET project. Based on the data gathered by AIRPET during 2001-2010, the air quality had not been improved, for example, high levels of PM were found in urban, sub-urban and even remote areas. Various air quality management strategies had been developed and implemented in the target citi...

Natural wetlands received increased attention for their ecosystem services and high methane (CH4) emissions. In China, the total area of wetlands is about 38 million ha (M ha), accounting for about 4% of the land. Natural wetlands include peatlands (35.6%), coastal wetlands (15.4%), rivers (21.3%), lakes (21.7%) and reservoirs (6.7%). Human activit...

Two city ecosystem research stations were selected for continuous monitoring of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration from June to September 2008, when the Beijing Olympic Games was held. The relationship between meteorological factors, artificial control management measures and PM2.5 dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The r...

Rapid increase of the urban impervious underlying surfaces causes a great increase of urban runoff and the accumulation of pollutants on the roof and road surfaces brings many pollutants into the drainage system with the runoff, and it thus becomes a great threat to the urban water environment. To know the runoff pollution process and to build scie...

Based on long-term monitoring of groundwater and irrigation water quality, the dynamics of the main physicochemical property and pollutant concentration of groundwater influenced by reclaimed water irrigation were examined in this study. The results of our five-year continuous study showed that the ammonium nitrogen concentration in reclaimed water...

Background/Question/Methods The planet we lived has been deteriorated by human over-exploited resources and overburdened environment. The shorts of land and water resource and climate change induced by CO2 emission are ranked as the most concerned environmental problems globally. They can be assessed by the virtual footprints on land and water re...

The natural rainwater and stormwater runoff samples from three underlying surfaces (rooftop, campus road and ring road) were sampled and analyzed from July to October, 2010 in Beijing. Eight rainfall events were collected totally and thirteen water quality parameters were measured in each event. Grey relationship analysis and principal component an...

Urbanization is widely recognized as a major factor promoting biological invasions worldwide. In this article, we provide insights into the patterns of biological invasions in Beijing, one of the largest and quickly urbanizing cities of the world, by developing a comprehensive list of naturalized and invasive flora and their associate traits (e.g.,...

In open top chamber (OTC), elevated atmospheric ozone was simulated to investigate effects of elevated O3 or/and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculation on microbial biomass and microbial community structure (MCR) in rhizosphere and hyphosphere of two genotypes (O3-sensitive: S156; O3-tolerant: R123) of snap bean by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)...

One-year-old Ilex integra seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, approximately 150 microL x L(-1)) for 84 days in six open-top chambers. Visible injury, growth parameters, pigments content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant system were investigated during the growing season. At the end of e...

Biodiversity in managed plantations has become an important issue for long-term sustainability of ecosystems. The environmental effects of plantations comprised of fast-growing introduced trees have been vigorously debated. On one hand, monocultures have been said to exhaust resources, resulting in decreased biodiversity. Conversely, it has been st...

One-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii) seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, mean concentration of 150 nL·L-1) for 84 days in six open-top chambers. Growth parameters, pigments content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant system were measured after one growing season (AOT40 value of 3...

Although the environmental impact of ozone (O(3)) has been widely investigated, there have been few studies about the effect of O(3) on underground processes, especially soil microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate O(3) effects on the soil microbial community structure and function in a rice paddy field, China. There were three treat...

Straw returning is considered to be one of the most promising carbon sequestration measures in China's cropland. A compound model, namely "Straw Returning and Burning Model-Expansion" (SRBME), was built to estimate the net mitigation potential, economic benefits, and air pollutant reduction of straw returning. Three scenarios, that is, baseline, "f...

Ozone (O), influenced by meteorological factors, is a primary gaseous photochemical pollutant during summer to fall in Beijing' s urban ambient. Continuous monitoring during July to September in 2008 was carried out at four sites in Beijing. Analyzed with synoptic type, the results show that the ratios of pre-low cylonic (mainly Mongolia cyclone) a...

Based on the long-term datasets of soil organic matter content and the observation data of rice paddies' methane (CH4) emission collected from the agricultural experiment stations across the country, the rice paddies in China were divided into single cropping and double cropping regions. The soil carbon sequestration potential of straw return in th...

Aims Water consumption of urban plants with multiple ecological effects is important. However, large errors may occur when sap flow is scaled from single point measurement to whole tree without knowledge of spatial sap flow profiles in the trunk. Our objective was to investigate the spatial variation of sap flux density (Js) and its possible cause...

The widely-used practice of planting alien plant species has become a major concern in Chinese urban management. It is imperative to investigate the composition of alien plant species in urban areas forplant diversity protection and green space management. In this study, we investigated 1050 tree plots, 797 shrub plots and 2,228 herbaceous plots ba...

From April to September in 2008, the stem sap flow velocity (Js) of several common tree species (Ginkgo biloba, Aesculus chinensis, Magnolia denudata, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis and Cedrus deodara) in Beijing was measured by thermal dissipation method. Crosscorrelation analysis was used to estimate the time lag between the stem sap f...

Systematic design and planning of investigation processes is the fundamental guarantee of successful vegetation survey and scientific data analysis. Urban plants are under intense disturbance by human activities, and the resulted urban style of vegetation structure and open space composition makes the detailed planning of vegetation investigation b...

Based on the multiple-temporal MODIS EVI data in 2007, and by using decision tree classifier, the ecosystems in Haihe River Basin were classified, and their spatial pattern as well as its relationship to topography was analyzed. The classification based on the MODIS EVI data had an overall accuracy of 85. 6% and a Kappa coefficient of 0. 82. Differ...

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) can act as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon dioxide; therefore, it is important to understand the amount and composition of SOC in terrestrial ecosystems, the spatial variation in SOC, and the underlying mechanisms that stabilize SOC. In this study, density fractionation and acid hydrolysis were used to asses...

By the method of stratified random sampling, the species composition and spatial structure of the plants in 53 parks in Beijing urban area were investigated, aimed to provide basic information for the protection of plant diversity in the parks and the management of the parks. A total of 492 plant species belong to 96 families and 283 genera were re...

Being recognized by the Kyoto Protocol, soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation in croplands have drawn broad attention. Previous studies showed that soil carbon sequestration measures might have considerable carbon sequestration potentials in the major agricultural countries and the whole world. However, the implementation of the s...

In recent decades, the conflict between reserves and local communities has attracted worldwide attention. Using Wolong National Nature Reserve (WNR) in Sichuan Province as an example, in terms of employment opportunity, intensity of wildlife destruction and compensation, restrictions on the resource utilization, tourism, community participation, br...

Soil water heterogeneity has significant effects on many hydrological processes and soil development processes, and research on spatial and temporal heterogeneity in soil water content is important for understanding and forecasting soil water processes. In situ monitoring of soil water content changes in sloping fields under different use types wer...

Soil heterotrophic respiration is a major way leading to losses of soil carbon into the atmosphere and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Global warming may cause increases in rainfall or droughts that would enhance the variation of soil moisture. However, it is unclear that how the soil respiration will respond the co-effects of the s...

With rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar 3694 Fan as test material, and by using open top chambers, the effects of different ozone (O3) concentration on the leaf soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system were applied. Three treatments were applied, i.e., charcoal-filtered air (CF, 20 nl O3 x L(-1)), non-filtered ambient air (N...

With reference to the situation of nitrogen fertilization in 2003 and the recommendations from agricultural experts on fertilization to different crops, two scenarios, namely, 'current situation' and 'fertilization as recommended', were set for estimating the current and potential carbon sequestration of China's cropland soil under nitrogen fertili...

Urban stormwater runoff quality, widely investigated around the world, has been monitored less in Beijing, China, which impedes the municipal government to use best management practices to protect surface water. In this study, rainwater and stormwater runoff samples from roofs, roads, and a lawn on the campus of the Research Center for Eco-Environm...

Reservoirs are significant sources of emissions of the greenhouse gases. Discussing greenhouse gas emission from the reservoirs and its influence factors are propitious to evaluate emission of the greenhouse gas accurately, reduce gas emission under hydraulic engineering and hydropower development. This paper expatiates the mechanism of the greenho...

To evaluate the effects of different forest plantations on rainfall redistribution, we measured throughfall, stemflow, interception loss, surface runoff and soil loss from July 2004 to September 2005 in the three types of forest plantations Eucommia ulmoides, Vernicia fordii and Pinus massoniana. The results showed that differences in throughfall a...

From the aspects of four ecological themes, i.e., ecological element, ecological process, ecological function and ecological destruction, an indicator framework including 16 indicators was developed to make an integrated assessment on the ecological quality of Beijing urban area. The weights of the indicators were determined by the methods of entro...

As one of the important ecosystem services of wetlands, carbon sequestration potential of lakes and swamps in China were investigated. Significant differences were found among the carbon sequestration potential of various lakes, determined by natural conditions and human disturbance. In this study, swamps had a carbon sequestration potential of 4.9...

To discern the response of soil respiration to heavy rainfall in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, soil respiration of wheat field was monitored during three heavy rainfall periods. The first heavy rainfall event happened on May 15, 2005, after a one-month arid period. The soil was in semi-arid state before the second heavy rainfall on May 30....

Agenda 21 emphasizes the role of local authorities as an important resource in pursuit of sustainability. Key aspects in this process are the collection of information about the state of the environment and the integration of this information at the various levels of local governance to highlight useful patterns for policy planning. As it is very d...

As one of the important ecosystem services of wetlands, carbon sequestration of lakes and swamps in China were investigated in this paper. Based on the reported bulk density and total organic carbon content, we estimated the carbon sequestration rate of major lakes and swamps regions in China. The carbon sequestration capacity of lakes of the whole...

Forest ecosystems have a significant impact on the atmospheric CO2 cycle. Based on latest three forest resource inverntory and the plan of major forestry projects, the carbon sequestration status and potential of forest vegetation in China were estimated. The China forest carbon storage in the fourth (1989-1994), fifth and sixth (1999-2003) invernt...

Assessing and predicting the impacts of ozone (O3) concentration on crop production have been drawing great attention in the scientific community. The ambient O3 concentration above the winter wheat field was observed with ML9810B O3 Analyzer in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. The impact of O3 on the wheat leaf photosynthesis was measured in open-top c...

Final energy-carbon consumption by different sectors and fuel types in Beijing from 1995 to 2005 and energy structure were presented according to IPCC reference approach and statistical data. Specific discussion of energy-carbon consumption category of each industry in 2005 was given. From 1995 to 2005, total and per capita final energy-carbon cons...

Owing to unsuitable green space construction, abundant allergenic pollen plants are centralized in urban areas, producing allergenic pollen. A mass of airborne allergenic pollen could cause pollinosis to badly influence people's robustness. To provide scientific basis for reasonable green space construction, the research advances of allergenic plan...

In order to know the species composition, distribution pattern, and phenological characteristics of pollen-allergenic plants in Beijing urban area, an investigation was made, combined with literature survey and experts interviews. The results showed that within the fifth ring of Beijing, there were 99 pollen-allergenic plant species belonging to 32...

Utilization of different carbon source type in Biolog-GN microplates by soil microbial communities under different forest restoration types was studied. The results shows that metabolic capacity of soil microbial commuinty under natural secondary forest are higher than those of three plantations. Carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids are...

Ozone is considered to be a major air pollutant that affects the yields of several sensitive crop species while reducing carbon acquisition by plants and the infsequent allocation of carbon to roots. Ozone concentrations have dramatically increased in some parts of China. Despite the emphasis on research in this area, however, little has been done...

A multichannel automated chamber system was developed for continuous monitoring of CO2 exchange at multiple points between agro-ecosystem or soil and atmosphere. This system consisted of an automated chamber subsystem with a CO2 concentration analyzer and a data logging subsystem. Both subsystems were under the control of a programmable logic contr...

The impact of increasing ozone ( O 3 ) concentration in troposphere on crops has being drawn more and more concern, and its simulation study has become a hotspot. To build effectual simulation models to evaluate and predict the crop loss by O 3 would help to the ozone pollution control and agriculture safety. According to the relationships between...

To quantify the variations of methane fluxes from different aquatic vegetation zones, two-year measurements were measured at different aquatic vegetation zones and water depths using static chamber technique during two growing season from April to October in 2003 and 2004. Results showed that the average emission flux of CH4 from Potamogeton pectin...

In this paper, horizontal and vertical strips including ten types of ecosystems in Jian-fengling Nature Reserve of Hainan Island were chosen to study the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties in this region. The results showed that on horizontal strip, the organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents in 0-20 cm soil layer ranke...

Land surface temperature (LST), which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces (IS) spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model (CART) was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous vari...

A sandy grassland blowout consists of an aeolian depression formed in top soil and the underlying sand deposit underlie, and the adjoining redeposit of sand derived from the depression. Research based on field survey and topographic mapping combined with aerophotograph interpretation reveals that: (1) All the three sand land tracts in Hulunbuir gra...

Improved open-top chamber (OTC) by revolving ozone distribution has been established for studying the effects of elevated ozone on photosynthesis, biomass and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The result showed that the improved OTC could distribute ozone equably and stably in OTC and meet the need of air exchanging between inside and outside OTC. T...

Ozone is the most important phytotoxic gaseous pollutant in many parts of the world. High level ozone will cause the reduction of crop- and forest outputs. This paper reviewed the research advances in the effects of elevated ozone on the below-ground processes of ecosystems, including root growth, root exudation, mycorhizal growth, soil-root respir...

Soil is believed to be the most important sink for sequestering atmospheric carbon. Hence, estimating soil carbon sequestration potential has been carried out for different regions and agricultural practices. However, soil carbon saturation (SCS), a fundamental concept for estimating soil carbon sequestration potential, has not been estimated for c...

In order to understand the possibility of AM in protecting crops from O3 pollution, simulated experiment was carried out to investigate effect of increased atmospheric O3 (0.02 microL x L(-1), 0.1 microL x L(-1) and 0.2 microL x L(-1)) on AM and its function. The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization was slightly affected by elevated atmos...

Precipitation is considered to be the primary resource limiting terrestrial biological activity in water-limited regions. Its overriding effect on the production of grassland is complex. In this paper, field data of 48 sites (including temperate meadow steppe, temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe and alpine meadow) were gathered from 31 publis...

Airborne bacteria are important biological components of the aerosol. They have a close relation with human health. The much higher concentrations can result in kinds of microbial disease. Using BIOLOG identification technology, the study on the community structure and dynamics of airborne bacteria was carried out in three typical functional areas...

The NO3(-)-N dynamics of the soil, soil solution and groundwater were studied under spring wheat and radish multiple-crop system in Hetao Irrigation District over two years. A strong tendency of NO3(-)-N to move from upper layer to deeper layer could be observed and soil NO3(-)-N was increased at the layer of 100 approximately 150cm. NO3(-)-N conce...

The ozone is the primary gaseous pollutant with significant adverse effects on vegetation. Those effects include visible leaf injury, growth and yield reductions, accelerated senescence and altering sensitivity to biotic and abiotic stresses. Reductions in photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, and root/shoot ratio, increase in respiration, and...

After clear-felling of a first generation Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest, mixed stands of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurei (a broadleaf tree) (MCM), pure M. macclurei stands (PMS) and pure Chinese fir stands (PCS) were established in 1983. The effects on soil were evaluated 20 years after planting by measuring physicochemical, micro...

The presence of vascular plants was recently recognized as one of the key factors controlling methane emissions from natural wetlands because it affects all the processes coupled to production, oxidation, and transport of methane. This paper is a literature summary and study on the progression of research concerning the effects of vascular plants o...

The effect of airborne microbes on human health not only depended on their compositions (genera and species), but also on their concentrations and sizes. Moreover, there are different mechanisms of airborne microbes of different sizes with different effects on human health. The size distributions and median diameters were carried out in detail with...

Households' consumption activities are an important contributor to global environmental problems, and research on food-carbon consumption are suggested to be an important content in promoting sustainable household consumption. Based on statistical data, the trend of urban food-carbon consumption in Beijing households and its influencing factors wer...

Diffuse pollution is one of the main sources that cause the deterioration of urban water quality after the point pollution is controlled effectively. Underlying surfaces such as roofs, roads, and lawns are the main types of surfaces found in city. During storm events, large amounts of pollutants deposited on the surfaces, especially roofs and roads...

Based on estimation of soil carbon pools and their variances at the county level with the aid of the DNDC model, farmland soil carbon pool saturation levels, soil carbon sequestration potentials, and differences between upland and paddy field in carbon sequestration capacity in various provinces of the country were analyzed. The results obtained by...

Seasonal changes in nitrate concentration and table of ground water in Hetao Irrigation District were investigated. Results show that in March the concentrations of NO3- -N and TN were significantly higher than those in May, July and September and the groundwater table was also lower than those in May and July. Sharp difference was found in N conce...

An area (about 1 600 m2 ) of Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain was selected to study the function of wetland ecosystems purifying environmental N and P pollutants. Results show that the N and P removal rates presented a rather steady trend during the vegetation growth and maturation periods, and the average removal rate was 85. 62% an...

The stability and function of a soil ecosystem depends on the cycling of nutrients by the soil microbial community. To evaluate the effects of regenerating forest cover on the function of microbial community, the differences of four forest restoration approaches, including plantations of slash pine, Chinese fir, tea-oil camellia and natural seconda...

An investigation on fungal types, concentrations, and their dynamic variation in outdoor environments was carried out in three different functional areas around one year in Beijing. Results show that the fungal concentrations varied widely and the average was (1164.8 +/- 73.2) CFU x m(-3), ranging from 23.6CFU x m(-3) to 13 959.5 CFU x m(-3). The m...

One of the most well known forms of anthropogenic climate modification is the phenomenon of urban heating. Throughout various studies, the ambient temperatures of numerous urban centers have been determined to be several degrees higher than the ambient air temperatures of surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon, first documented in London by Lake...

Significant differences were found in soil physicochemical and biological effects between various forest restoration approaches of a hilly red-soil region, southern China. Soil quality was the highest in natural secondary forest (0·95), while in sites revegetated with tea-oil camellia (Camellia oleifera), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and s...

It is important to better understand the nutrient distribution and circulation of the Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain, as this ecosystem plays a unique role in the ecological service functions of the region. However, little attention has been paid to the purification function of the wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain. Due to the agricul...

Regarding the importance of greenbelt functions for urban development, this article analyzes the necessity for developing greenbelt surrounding the mega city, Beijing. Due to more serious urban problems caused by fast urbanization, the major services or functions that can be fulfilled through greenbelt implementation are analyzed. They are: (1) to...

Ecological function regionalization is a kind of geographic spatial division, which is based on the distribution of ecosystem stress and effect, ecological sensitivity and ecological service importance. The target of ecological function regionalization is to distinguish the regional ecological problems and ecological fragile areas, determine the pr...

Soil water and salinity are crucial factors influencing crop production in arid regions. An autumn irrigation system employing the application of a large volume of water (2200–2600m3ha−1) is being developed in the Hetao Irrigation District of China, since the 1980s with the goal to reduce salinity levels in the root zone and increase the water avai...

This study improved the application of the Holdridge life-zone model to simulate the distribution of desert vegetation in China which gives statistics to support eco-recovery and ecosystem reconstruction in desert area. This study classified the desert vegetation into four types: (1) LAD: little arbor desert; (2) SD: shrub desert; (3) HLHSD: half-s...

A biogeochemical model (DNDC) is combined with a plant ecological model to estimate N2O emission from rice paddy fields in the Yangtze River Delta region. The model is driven by local meteorological, soil, and physiological data and is validated for 1999 and 2000 at a site in the region, which showed that the simulated N2O emissions agree fairly we...

According to the results of the questionnaire returned from 154 national nature reserves, the principal component analysis method was applied in analyzing twenty-six indexes for evaluation of management. Six major index systems affecting management effectiveness were identified. The results show: (1) the six index systems include material guarantee...

Airborne microbes are living bodies which include airborne bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc. They are fundamental biological components in an urban ecosystem and have a direct relationship with ecological balance and the function of many other life forms in nature. Initial research on airborne microbes can be traced back to the mid-19th Century,...

Carbon output through urban domestic garbage is one part of carbon cycle in urban ecosystem which is related to some environmental pollution. Researches on carbon output through urban domestic garbage is the foundational work on carbon cycle in urban ecosystem, but also can help to analyze the influences of residents' consumption on environment. Ba...