Xianzhong Lin

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• Dr.-Ing.
• Professor at Sun Yat-sen University

A binary solvent system of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and isopropanol (IPA) has been developed for preparing high-quality kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) films. The absorbers made with the DMSO system exhibit a...

This work developed a BiOI@AgBiS 2 @NaYF 4 :Yb,Tm UV-vis-NIR-activated heterostructure photocatalyst showing marked improvement in solar energy harvesting.

Inkjet printing is a promising and scalable drop‐on‐demand deposition technique for cost‐effective mass production of thin film solar cells. However, the efficiency of inkjet‐printed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) precursor ink is inferior to state‐of‐the‐art spin‐coated devices. Therefore, it is crucial to i...

Lithium doping is beneficial for enhancing the performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells. However, the conventional doping strategy of spin-coating of the precursor ink containing Li source suffers from mass loss due to Li redissolution during the layer-by-layer deposition. In this study, we report an effective Li-doping strategy...

Clean, benign and economical energy harvesting is envisioned to mitigate the global climate change – originated from the burning of fossil fuels – addressing both the energy crises and environmental issues. In this work, charge transport mechanism and the dynamics of photocurrent generation in thin films of CZTS nanocrystals is studied. A liquid ph...

The self-seed inducing grain growth mechanism for Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film was explored via the existence of the fine-grain CZTSe synthesized spontaneously at a relatively low soft-selenization temperature of 300°C. Fine control over the elementary proportion and distribution of metal precursors is an important approach for obtaining the self-s...

The application of doctor-blading for flexible solar cells is considerably attractive due to its potential upscaling feasibility via a roll-to-roll process. Herein, we report the fabrication of efficient flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells by doctor-blading under ambient conditions. The device efficiency is improved from 2.22% to 5.01% by...

The use of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) as a substrate in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells allows for advanced applications, such as bifacial, semi-transparent, and tandem solar cells with the capability to increase power density generation. However, the efficiency of this kind of solar cell is still below 6% based on the low-cos...

Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have attracted considerable attention due to its potential application in specific areas such as power source for wearable electronics. However, the over thick Mo(Sx,Se1-x)2 at back contact is one of the factors that limit the device performance. Herein, we report a facile strategy to inhibit the thick M...

The use of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) as a back contact for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cell enables light absorption from both front and rear sides and allows for the fabrication of semi-transparent photovoltaic devices. However, the CZTSSe solar cell based on TCO substrate suffers from high parasitic losses owing to the long...

In this work, we deposited Sb2S3 thin film with a benign molecular precursor ink based on alcohol solvent. Sb2S3 thin films with dense morphology, good crystallinity, and smooth surface were successfully prepared by optimizing the S/Sb ratio in the precursor. As-synthesized films have [hk1] preferred orientation, which is beneficial for the charge...

Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are the most promising candidates in third-generation photovoltaic technologies with a certified efficiency of 25.2% within the past decades. They attract increasing attention owing to their ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and lower processing temperature when compared to commercial silicon-based solar cells....

The elemental proportion of Cu‐poor and Zn‐rich in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is well established for achieving highly efficient CZTSSe solar cells. However, how high Zn/Sn ratio can the complicated CZTSSe thin film tolerate remains a question. Therefore, in this work, the well control of Zn/Sn ratio in CZTSSe thin film is obtained by multi‐spin‐coati...

All‐inorganic perovskite of CsPbBr3 thin films solar cells has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to its potential long‐term stability over the generally used hybrid perovskites. In this work, all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites are doped with Eu²⁺ to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cell. The perovskite films exhibit a bette...

In the past few decades, the fabrication of solar cells has been considered as one of the most promising ways to meet the increasing energy demands for the development of modern society as well as to control the environmental pollution which caused by fossil fuel combustion. The different types of solar cells such as silicon solar cells (Si), Cu-ba...

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S precursor ink have seen tremendous progress in recent years. However, the wettability between the ink and Mo substrate is poor, owing to the high viscosity of the highly concentrated Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S ink. Herein, a solvent engineering process is proposed in which N,N‐dimeth...

Recently, AgBiS2 has been demonstrated to be a promising non-toxic, earth-abundant absorber material for solar energy application. In this work, a novel route to deposit AgBiS2 thin films from single molecular precursor ink is presented. It is found that the amount of thiourea has a crucial impact on the formulation of a stable molecular ink. Under...

There has been long-standing interest in developing metal oxide-based sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response and low material consumption. Here we report for the first time the utilization of Cu2O@PNIPAM core-shell microgels with a nanocube-shaped core structure for construction of novel CuO gas sensing layers. The hybrid microge...

Results for research on chalcopyrite micro concentrator solar cells obtained within the framework of CHEETAH joint program are shown. A top-down proof of concept study reveals close to 30% relative efficiency increase under light concentration using inkjet-printed CIGSSe. A novel bottom-up approach for local chalcopyrite absorbers grown from indium...

Inkjet printing is a promising route for thin film deposition due to its low material wastage and potential of high throughput production. In this work, the inkjet printing technique is used for the deposition of Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) thin films from Cu-Zn-Sn-S molecular inks. The key step for using the inkjet printing technique is to formulat...

Vacuum free, solution based routes to the preparation of chalcopyrite absorbers for solar cells promise options in device design and manufacturing that are not provided by the standard vacuum based approaches. In order to fully exploit these options, the precursor should contain neither nanoparticles nor hazardous chemicals, and it should be stable...

A single molecular precursor solution is described for the deposition of CuIn(S,Se)2 (CIS) film onto Mo coated glass substrates by spin coating followed by annealing in Se atmosphere. Characterization of the films by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the formation of a highly homogenous and compact...

In this study, dispersible mesoporous nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanoplates have been synthesized as a new anisotropic carbon nanostructure using gibbsite nanoplates as templates. The gibbsite-silica core-shell nanoplates were first prepared before the gibbsite core was etched away. Dopamine as carbon precursor was self-polymerized on the hollow...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films are prepared by spin coating of a precursor solution on Mo-coated glass substrates.

A new solution based route for depositing Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films is described, focusing on the effects of Sb and Na co-doping. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm formation of the kesterite phase with a measurable improvement in crystallinity upon doping. A sharp band gap absorption edge at 1.4 eV is determined from diffuse reflec...

We report a facile and novel method for the fabrication of Cu2O@PNIPAM core-shell nanoreactors using Cu2O nanocubes as the core. The PNIPAM shell not only effectively protects the Cu2O nanocubes from oxidation, but also improves the colloidal stability of the system. The Cu2O@PNIPAM core-shell microgels can work efficiently as photocatalyst for the...

Although Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSe) based thin film solar cells have reached efficiencies exceeding 22% based on vacuum processed CIGSSe absorbers, the supply of indium and gallium might become an issue if CIGSSe thin-film solar cells are produced in very large volumes. It is therefore mandatory to reduce the wastage of indium and gallium during the...

We report a facile and novel method for the fabrication of Cu2O@PNIPAM core–shell nanoreactors using Cu2O nanocubes as the core. The PNIPAM shell not only effectively protects the Cu2O nanocubes from oxidation, but also improves the colloidal stability of the system. The Cu2O@PNIPAM core–shell microgels can work efficiently as a photocatalyst for t...

We report a route to deposit In2S3 thin films from air-stable, low-cost molecular precursor inks for Cd-free buffer layers in chalcopyrite-based thin film solar cells. Different precursor compositions and processing conditions were studied to define a reproducible and robust process. By adjusting the ink properties, this method can be applied in di...

Inkjet printing technique is a material-conserving technique, which can greatly reduce the production cost by reducing the wastage of materials during the deposition. Additionally, this method can be easily adapted to Roll-to-Roll processing for large-scale application. The most challenging issues that remain open for multi-component system such as...

In this work, we present the deposition of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 CZTSSe absorbers by inkjet printing and their application in thin film solar cells. Inkjet printing is a promising approach, which can be easily adapted for industrial production. An attractive issue when using inkjet printing is its little demand on materials and low waste production during...

Supplementary

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.201500028/abstract

Defect states in Cu 2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 thin films with x = 0.28, 0.36, and 1 were studied by combining photoluminescence (PL) and modulated surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. A single broad band emission in the PL spectra was observed and can be related to quasi-donor-acceptor pair transitions. The analysis of the temperature dependent quenching...

In thispaper,wepresentthefabricationofCu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film absorbersbyafour-step solution processbasedonZnS,SnSandCu3SnS4 nanoparticle precursorsandtheirapplicationinthin film solarcells.Theinfluence ofligand-exchangeprocessonthemorphologiesoftheresultingCZTSSe thin films wasstudied.Ligandexchangewitheachsequentialspuncoatlayersleadst...

ABSTRACT: CuZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) with an optical band gap around 1.0-1.5 eV and absorption coefficient over 104 cm-1 is the optimal candidate for photovoltaic application. Although the conversion efficiencies of the best CZTSSe-based solar cells (12.6 % [1]) are still far below the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells (21.7 % [2]) CZTSSe material...

CuZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) with an optical band gap around 1.0-1.5 eV and absorption coefficient over 10 4 cm -1 is the optimal candidate for photovoltaic application. Although the conversion efficiencies of the best CZTSSe-based solar cells (12.6 % [1]) are still far below the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells (21.7 % [2]) CZTSSe material has been...

In this work we report on the formation of the Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4 (CZTSSe) thin film absorbers from copper-zinc-tin-sulfur inks consisting of mixing binary and ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) such as SnS, ZnS and Cu3SnS4 (CTS) [1]. The chalcogenide nanoparticles were synthesized in-house by a colloidal route [1-3]. The chemical composition...

Copper zinc tin sulfide Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) has attracted significant attention in the past few years as a next generation absorber material for the production of thin film solar cells on large scales due to the high natural abundance of all constituents, tunable direct band gap energy ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 eV, and large absorption coeffic...

A method of non-vacuum synthesis of Kesterite thin films with reduced deposition time to less than 5 min based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4 or CZTS) Nanocrystal in liquid solvents is presented. The method can be used as an alternative to spin-casting and printing for large-area, high-throughput processin...

In this work we discuss the development of cheaply produced Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 absorber layers on ZnO nanorods (NRs). The concept of this work is preparing highly absorbing material on nanostructured substrates which have a very high surface area allowing the use of very thin layers of CZTS while still absorbing sufficient sunlight. This can be achi...

Lattice positions of Sn in kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2SnS3 nanoparticles and thin films were investigated by XANES (x-ray absorption near edge structure) analysis at the S K-edge. XANES spectra were analyzed by comparison with simulations taking into account anti-site defects and vacancies. Annealing of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticle thin films led to a de...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), and Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 (CZTSSe) absorbers have been grown successfully from copper-zinc-tin-sulfur inks using chemical routes. In this work we report on current status of CZTS(Se) solar cells and we highlight our processing of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur inks consisting of mixing binary and ternary chalcogenide SnS, ZnS and Cu3SnS4 (CTS) n...

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Available online 25 October 2012 Keywords: Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 CZTS Optical properties Raman spectroscopy Photoluminescence Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) has been considered as an alternative absorber layer to Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 due to its earth abundant and environmentally friendly constituents, optimal direct band gap of 1.4–1.6 e...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystal (NC) layers were deposited successfully by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on molybdenum and fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. This approach combines a non-vacuum coating technique known for its industrial eligibility to a solar absorber material consisting solely of non-toxic and earth abundant element...

Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 (CZTSSe) layers deposited from multi-component nanoparticle inks were characterized by modulated surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy to investigate the effect of annealing conditions. The SPV signals increased strongly with decreasing sulfur content. Band gaps were obtained in terms of SPV onset energy. A diffusion length of a...

Quaternary semiconductors, Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 which contain only earth- abundant elements, have been considered as the alternative absorber layers to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) for thin film solar cells although CIGS-based solar cells have achieved efficiencies over 20 %. In this work we report an air-stable route for preparation of CZTSSe thin film...

In a previous work we observed the formation of CZTSSe by the reaction between CTS and the ZnO-Nanorod (NR) array. The latter vanished during the annealing process [1]. However, our objective is the use of ZnO-NRs as a nano-structured substrate while keeping the advantage of high surface/volume ratio. Therefore, in order to prevent from interdiffus...

Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) ist ein vielversprechendes Material um günstige Solarzellen mit hoher Effizienz herzustellen. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein kosteneffizienter Prozess für die Abscheidung von dünnen Schichten aus CZTSSe Absorbern entwickelt. Mittels Rotationbeschichtung von ZnS, SnS und Cu3SnS4 (CTS) Nanopartikel-Tinte wurden die CZTSSe Absor...

Solar cells with Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber thin films have a potential for high energy conversion efficiencies with earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. In this work the formation of CZTSSe from CuxSnSy nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays as precursors for zinc is investigated. The NPs are prepared using a chemical route and are dis...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) are the most competitive and more sustainable replacement for existing CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film technologies for solar cells. The most reported stable crystal structure of CZTS and CZTSe is kesterite, which is derived from the ternary chalcopyrite structure. However by controlling the reaction c...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has been considered as an alternative absorber layer to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 due to its earth abundant and environmentally friendly constituents, optimal direct band gap of 1.4-1.6 eV and high absorption coefficient in the visible range. In this work, we propose a solution-based chemical route for preparation of CZTS thin film absorbers by...

We report on the development of copper-zinc-tin-chalcogenide compounds, especially kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) that can be used for low-cost solar cells using scalable inexpensive coating processes. For the formulation of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur inks we developed a new method relying on binary and ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles as precurso...

Kuramite Cu3SnS4 nanocrystals with tetragonal structure have been synthesized by a simple one-step solution-based process and characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocrystals show an optical band gap of 1.43 eV as estimated fro...

The earth-abundant elements of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) can form a promising nontoxic absorber material for future environmentally-amenable solar cells. With a direct band gap energy of 1.5 eV and a high absorption coefficient above 10^4 cm-1 CZTS fulfils the requirements for thin film solar cells. Solar cells with CZTSSe absorber layer have already reache...

Cu2ZnSnS4 has been considered as the alternative absorber layer to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 due to its earth abundant and environmental friendly constituents, optimal direct band gap of 1.4-1.6eV and high absorption coefficient in the visible range. As a promising candidate of thin film solar cells absorber layer, Cu2ZnSnS4 has spurred huge attention of the sc...

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a p-type emerging semiconductor solar absorber with optimal direct band gap energy of 1.5 eV and a large absorption coefficient above 104 cm−1. It is structurally similar to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and contains only earth abundant, non-toxic elements. Recently promising energy conversion efficiencies of up to 10.1 % were demonstrated [D.Ba...

We report on the development of copper-zinc-tin-chalcogenide compounds, especially kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) that can be used for low-cost solar cells using scalable inexpensive coating processes. For the formulation of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur inks we developed a new method relying on binary and ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles as precurso...

Polyoxometalate nanostructures have attracted much attention because of significant technical demands in applications such as catalysts, sensors, and smart windows. Therefore, researchers have recently developed many methods for the synthesis of these nanomaterials. However, these techniques have many visible flaws such as high temperatures or high...

Indium in chalcopyrite-based solar cell absorbers can be substituted by zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn) forming a Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS/CZTSe) absorber. Light to electricity conversion efficiencies of solar cells based on CZTSSe have recently reached over 9%, making this material competitive and more sustainable replacement for existing CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2...

In the past decade, it has become possible to synthesize many classes of nanoscale building blocks with controlled structure, size, and shape for applications in electronics, photonics, chemical engineering, medicine, etc. Successively, researchers need face a fundamental challenge: how to use nanoscale blocks to build functional structures or devi...