Xianqiao Wang

• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at University of Georgia

The surface morphology of the developing mammalian brain is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Computational modeling offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms for early brain folding. Recent...

With the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) technology and the emergence of bioinformatics-specific language models (BioLMs), there is a growing need for a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, computational characteristics, and diverse applications. This survey aims to address this need by providing a thorough review of Bi...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, holds immense potential for rapid prototyping and customized production of functional health‐related devices. With advancements in polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering, polymeric biomaterials have become integral to 3D‐printed biomedical applications. However, there still exists a bottlenec...

The rapid advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform manufacturing industry, offering new opportunities to optimize processes, improve efficiency, and drive innovation. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the integration of LLMs into the manufacturing domain, focusing on their potential to automate and e...

As a treatment for the widely spread cardiovascular diseases (CVD), bypass vascular grafts have room for improvement in terms of mechanical property match with native arteries. A 3D‐printed nozzle is presented, featuring unique internal structures, to extrude artificial vascular grafts with a flower‐mimicking geometry. The multilayer‐structured gra...

This comprehensive study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's o1-preview large language model across a diverse array of complex reasoning tasks, spanning multiple domains, including computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, medicine, linguistics, and social sciences. Through rigorous testing, o1-preview demonstrated remarkable capabilities,...

The surface morphology of the developing mammalian brain is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Computational modeling offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms for early brain folding. While previous studies generally assume uniform growth, recent findings indicate significant regional variations in brain tissue...

We introduce a data-driven framework to automatically identify interpretable and physically meaningful hyperelastic constitutive models from sparse data. Leveraging symbolic regression, an algorithm based on genetic programming, our approach generates elegant hyperelastic models that achieve accurate data fitting through parsimonious mathematic for...

This study is a pioneering endeavor to investigate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing conceptual questions within the domain of mechanical engineering with a focus on mechanics. Our examination involves a manually crafted exam encompassing 126 multiple-choice questions, spanning various aspects of mechanics courses, incl...

A systematic investigation of the dynamic clustering behavior of active particles under confinement, including the effects of both particle density and active driving force, is presented based on a hybrid coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. First, a series of scaling laws are derived with power relationships for the dynamic clustering tim...

Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) are common among women, causing dysfunction, incontinence, and discomfort. Surgeries to repair the descended tissues can result in complications due to implant material design, particularly from...

Advances in material sciences, control algorithms, and manufacturing techniques have facilitated rapid progress in soft grippers, propelling their adoption in various fields. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of the design and control aspects of intelligent soft robotic grippers tailored specifically for agricultural product handling...

The intricate architecture of the human brain exhibits complex mechanical properties and endows it to perform pivotal functions. Traditional computational methods, such as the finite element analysis, have provided valuable insights into uncovering the underlying mechanisms of brain physical behaviors. However, precise predictions of brain physics...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Blueberry Postharvesting Finite element method Plastic strain Bruise susceptibility A B S T R A C T Impact bruising is a prevalent form of mechanical damage that occurs in blueberries during harvesting and postharvest handling processes. The accurate quantification of bruising remains a challenging task, primarily du...

Noninvasive inspection of layered structures has remained a long-standing challenge for time-resolved imaging techniques, where both resolution and contrast are compromised by prominent signal attenuation, interlayer reflections, and dispersion. Our method based on terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy overcomes these limitations by offering fin...

The Kirigami technique has recently inspired the design of reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterials that can be easily realized by embedding a patterned cutting array into a supportive substrate. However, these existing designs mainly focus on the 2D‐to‐3D transformable morphology that induces the modulation of the spectral responses. This work...

The human brain development experiences a complex evolving cortical folding from a smooth surface to a convoluted ensemble of folds. Computational modeling of brain development has played an essential role in better understanding the process of cortical folding, but still leaves many questions to be answered. A major challenge faced by computationa...

The deformation mechanism of fibrin fibers has been a long-standing challenge to uncover due to the fiber’s complex structure and mechanical behaviors. In this paper, a phenomenological, bilinear, force-strain model is derived to accurately reproduce the fibrin fiber force-strain curve, and then, the phenomenological model is converted to a mechani...

Cerebral cortex development undergoes a variety of processes, which provide valuable information for the study of the developmental mechanism of cortical folding as well as its relationship to brain structural architectures and brain functions. Despite the variability in the anatomy–function relationship on the higher‐order cortex, recent studies h...

Two-dimensional (2D) architectured cellular structures exhibit outstanding mechanical properties unmatched by their bulk counterparts and show promising outlooks in electronic applications. Understanding of the relationship between their mechanical properties and structure patterns has yet to be fully explored. Also, traditional design rules in 2D...

Metamaterials for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) have promoted prosperous development of terahertz (THz) devices due to their counterintuitive manipulation rules on the electromagnetic responses. However, traditional design rules of EIT metamaterial require prior knowledge of unnatural parameters of geometrical structures. Here, by...

3-hinge gyral folding is the conjunction of gyrus crest lines from three different orientations. Previous studies have not explored the possible mechanisms of formation of such 3-hinge gyri, which are preserved across species in primate brains. We develop a biomechanical model to mimic the formation of 3-hinge patterns on a real brain and determine...

Axons bundles cross-linked by microtubule (MT) associate proteins (MAP) and bounded by a shell skeleton are critical for normal function of neurons. Understanding effects of the complexly geometrical parameters on their mechanical properties can help gain a biomechanical perspective on the neurological functions of axons and thus brain disorders ca...

Cortical folding is one of the most complex processes that occur during the normal development of the human brain. Despite variability in folding patterns of different individuals, there are a few specific types of preserved folding patterns within individuals or across species. The origin and formation mechanism of variable or regular folding patt...

Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated therapies are promising tools for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including stroke and cancer, due to the outstanding performance they have shown for specifically targeting diseased sites. Importantly, the coupling of stiffness and shape of NPs has a significant influence on transportation via blood flow and in...

Literature studies have demonstrated the structural, connectional, and functional differences between cortical folding patterns in mammalian brains, such as convex and concave patterns. However, the molecular underpinning of such convex/concave differences remains largely unknown. Thanks to public access to a recently released set of marmoset whole...

We develop a generic coarse-grained potential for a general group of 2D materials to study the mechanical performance of 2D materials-based cellular kirigami structures for understanding of the relation between the mechanical properties and structure pattern as well as the material component. By patterning the structure lattice cell, the mechanical...

Hyperbolic metamaterial, a novel type of anisotropic bulk material, can enhance the near-field radiation heat transfer (NFRHT) via supporting unbounded hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs). A cutting-edge two-dimensional material, black phosphorous (BP), also gives a rise to promising performance in the NFRHT due to its excitation of surface plasmon...

Black phosphorus (BP) has been enjoying popularity in mechanical and optoelectronic devices due to its superior anisotropic puckered structure. However, the vibrational properties of BP remain unexplored which greatly limits its wide applications in resonance-based nano electromechanical system (NEMS) devices. Therefore, in order to design mechanic...

The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterials with active or passive modulation have been extensively studied and applied in slow-light devices, light on-off, and light storage. However, the preparation complexity and characterization difficulties of the EIT metamaterials limit their optoelectronic applications. Here, we have emp...

Understanding and controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and cell nuclei is critical to the development of the biomedical applications such as gene delivery, cellular imaging, and tumor therapy. Recent years have witnessed growing evidence that the size, shape, and the grafting density of the karyopherins ligands of nanoparticles provide...

In this study, a computational model of a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid nanocomposite was analyzed using the cohesive finite element method. This model contains hard mineral nanograins bonded by a relatively soft and thin organic adhesive layer to mimic the ultrastructure of biological ceramics such as bone and nacre. The simulation results showed...

Metamaterials, rationally designed multiscale composite systems, have attracted extensive interest for their potential applications in a broad range of applications due to their unique properties such as negative Poisson’s ratio,...

Medical studies have consistently shown that the best defense against cancer is early detection. Due to this, many efforts have been made to develop methods of screening patient blood quickly and cheaply. These methods range from separation via differences in size, electrostatic potential, chemical potential, antibody-binding affinity, among others...

The popularity of phosphorene (known as monolayer black phosphorous) in electronic devices relies on not only its superior electrical properties but also its mechanical stability beyond nanoscale. However, the mechanical...

The study on the polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into fibrin monomers and eventually a stable, mechanically robust fibrin clot is a persistent and enduring topic in the field of thrombosis and hemostasis. Despite many research advances in fibrin polymerization, the change in the structure of fibrin clots and its influence on the formation of...

Pursuing two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature and great mechanical flexibility has attracted great interest in flexible spintronics. In the present work, we carried out a density functional theory (DFT) investigation on the 2D M2Se3 (M = Co, Ni, and Pd) monolayers to understand their structural stabilities, elec...

Comparison and integration of neuroimaging data from different brains and populations are fundamental in neuroscience. Over the past decades, the neuroimaging field has largely depended on image registration to compare and integrate neuroimaging data from individuals in a common reference space, with a basic assumption that the brains are similar....

Pursuing two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature and great mechanical flexibility has attracted great interest in flexible spintronics. In the present work, we carried out a density functional theory (DFT) investigation on the 2D M2Se3 (M=Co, Ni and Pd) monolayers to understand their structural stabilities, electro...

A fiber-Bragg-grating-(FBG)-based sensor is a very popular fiber optic sensor due to its simplicity, mature fabrication technology, and sensitivity to a number of physical stimuli. However, due to the stiff nature of optical fiber, it is impossible to heavily stretch a FBG sensor. A stretchable sensor is highly desired in soft robotics, human motio...

Graphene aerogels and foams have gained widespread interest due to their impressive mechanical properties as well as their ability to be tuned for optimal performance in a variety of applications. It is highly desirable to attain theoretical relationships to help predict their behavior. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulation to explore the be...

Combining coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and experiments, a systematic study on both the dynamics and equilibrium behavior of the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of charged nanorods (NRs) onto a charged microsphere (MS) via electrostatic interactions has been carried out. The adsorption of the first layer of NRs on MS follows a growth-...

Sickle cell disease is caused by the amino acid substitution of glutamic acid to valine, which leads to the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) into long strands. These strands are responsible for the sickling of red blood cells (RBCs), making blood hyper-coagulable leading to an increased chance of vaso-occlusive crisis. The con...

Studies suggest that patients with deep vein thrombosis and diabetes often have hypercoagulable blood plasma, leading to a higher risk of thromboembolism formation through the rupture of blood clots, which may lead to stroke and death. Despite many advances in the field of blood clot formation and thrombosis, the influence of mechanical properties...

The surface coatings of nanoparticles determine their interaction with biomembranes, but studies have been limited almost exclusively to nanoparticles with a uniform surface chemistry. Although nanoparticles are increasingly made with complex surface chemistries to achieve multi-functionalities, our understanding of how a heterogeneous surface coat...

The strength and nature of the interactions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and molecular tethers plays a vital role in technology such as CNT-enzyme sensors. Tethers that attach noncovalently to CNTs are ideal for retaining the electrical properties of the CNTs since they do not degrade the CNT surface and effect its electrical conductivity. Howev...

Phosphorene, also known as monolayer black phosphorous, has been widely used in electronic devices due to its superior electrical properties. However, its relatively low Young’s modulus, low fracture strength and susceptibility to structural failure has limited its application in nano devices. Therefore, in order to design more mechanically reliabl...

We demonstrate a stretchable fiber-optic sensor by embedding a sinusoidal-structured fiber Bragg grating in a silicone sheet at an off-center position, which uniquely enables 30% of elongation and facilitates tension, torsion direction, and bending measurement.

Energetic interactions inside αβ-tubulin dimers of a microtubule (MT) with atomic resolutions are of importance in determining the mechanical properties and structural stability of the MT as well as designing self-assembled functional structures from it. Here, we carry out several comprehensive atomistic simulations to investigate the interaction p...

Recent studies have shown that quantitative description of gyral shape patterns offers a novel window to examine the relationship between brain structure and function. Along this research line, this paper examines a unique and interesting type of cortical gyral region where 3 different gyral crests meet, termed 3-hinge gyral region. We extracted 3-...

Artificial membranes mimicking biological structures are rapidly breaking new ground in the areas of medicine and soft-matter physics. In this endeavor, we use dissipative particle dynamic (DPD) simulation to investigate the morphology and behavior of lipid-based biomembranes under conditions of varied lipid density and self-interaction. Our result...

Commonly-preserved radial convolution is a prominent characteristic of the mammalian cerebral cortex. Endeavors from multiple disciplines have been devoted for decades to explore the causes for this enigmatic structure. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to consistent cortical convolution patterns still remain poorly understood. In this w...

The effects of binding mode, shape, binding strength, and rotational speed of actively rotating nanoparticles on the integrity of cell membranes have been systematically studied using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. With theoretical analyses of lipid density, surface tension, stress distribution, and water permeation, we demonstrate that...

Cortical folding, or convolution of the brain, is a vital process in mammals that causes the brain to have a wrinkled appearance. The existence of different types of prenatal solid tumors may alter this complex phenomenon and cause severe brain disorders. Here we interpret the effects of a growing solid tumor on the cortical folding in the fetal br...

Cortical folding pattern analysis is very important to understand brain organization and development. Since previous studies mostly focus on human brain cortex, the regularity and variability of cortical folding patterns across primate brains (macaques, chimpanzees and human) remain largely unknown. This paper presents a novel computational framewo...

There exist many methods for processing of materials: extrusion, injection molding, fibers spinning, 3D printing, to name a few. In most cases, materials with a static, fixed shape are produced. However, numerous advanced applications require customized elements with reconfigurable shape. The few available techniques capable of overcoming this prob...

Mammalian cerebral cortices are characterized by elaborate convolutions. Radial convolutions exhibit homology across primate species and generally are easily identified in individuals of the same species. In contrast, circumferential convolutions vary across species as well as individuals of the same species. However, systematic study of circumfere...

Recent studies have shown that ultrasound is used to open drug-carrying liposomes to release their payloads; however, a shockwave energetic enough to rupture lipid membranes can cause collateral damage to surrounding cells. Similarly, a destructive shockwave, which may be used to rupture a cell membrane in order to lyse the cell (e.g., as in cancer...

The outstanding mechanical performance of nacre has stimulated numerous works in the design of artificial nacres. Phosphorene, a new two-dimensional (2D) material, has crystalline in-plane structure and non-bonded interaction between adjacent flakes. Therefore, multi-layer phosphorene assemblies (MLPs), in which phosphorene flakes are piled up in a...

Viral entry into the host cell is the first step of virus infection; however, its dynamic process via endocytosis remains largely elusive. Here, the force tracing technique and single particle simulation are combined to investigate the invagination of single human enterovirus 71 (HEV71, a positive single-stranded RNA virus that is associated with h...

Inspired by the hierarchical structure and outstanding mechanical performance of biological nacre, we propose a similar multi-layered graphene–polyethylene nanocomposite as a possible lightweight material with energy-absorbing characteristics. Through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we study the mechanical performance of the nanocomp...

Precisely controlling the morphology in thin film coatings has emerged as an important tool used to tune surface properties in a wide variety of applications. Previously, a method is reported to fabricate nanoscale surface creases with a high degree of control over crease size and shape using microcontact printing to perform post-polymerization mod...

Scientific Reports 6 : Article number: 37272; 10.1038/srep37272 published online: 17 November 2016 ; updated: 07 March 2017 . In the methods section, under the subheading ‘Human Fetal Brain Atlas Dataset’ “Generally, this dataset includes T2 templates and tissue probability maps (for the brain mask, cortex, hemispheres, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], a...

We developed a new mechanical model for determining the compression and shear mechanical behavior of four different hemoglobin structures. Previous studies on hemoglobin structures have focused primarily on overall mechanical behavior; however, this study investigates the mechanical behavior of hemoglobin, a major constituent of red blood cells (RB...

Nanoporous silicon has been emerging as a powerful building block for next-generation sensors, catalysts, transistors, and tissue scaffolds. The capability to design novel devices with desired mechanical properties is paramount to their reliability and serviceability. In order to bring further resolution to the highly variable mechanical characteri...

As a significant type of cerebral cortical convolution pattern, the gyrus is widely preserved across species. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to study the underlying mechanisms of gyrus formation, it is currently still far from clear which factors contribute to the regulation of consistent gyrus formation. In this paper, we employ a joi...

Strength and toughness are two mechanical properties that are generally mutually exclusive but highly sought-after in the design of advanced composite materials. There has only been limited progress in achieving both high strength and toughness in composite materials. However, the fundamental underlying mechanics remain largely unexplored, especial...

Silicene, a silicon-based homologue of graphene, arouses great interest in nano-electronical devices due to its outstanding electronic properties. However, its promising electronic applications are greatly hindered by lack of understanding in the mechanical strength of silicene. Therefore, in order to design mechanically reliable devices with silic...

Surface and interfacial creases induced by biological growth are common types of instability in soft biological tissues. This study focuses on the criteria for the onset of surface and interfacial creases as well as their morphological evolution in a growing bilayer soft tube within a confined environment. Critical growth ratios for triggering surf...

Carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypapers, having exceptional mechanical and electrical properties, have been reported to demonstrate frequency-invariant and temperature-invariant viscoelastic properties. In an attempt to provide an in-depth insight into the viscoelasticity of buckypapers with (5, 5) single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), we perform coarse-grained n...

The single molecule detection associated with DNA sequencing has motivated intensive efforts to identify single DNA bases. However, little research has been reported utilizing single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for DNA sequencing. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore pathways for single-strand DNA (ssDNA) sequencing by n...

Recent years have witnessed the explosive growth of interest in novel two-dimensional materials beyond graphene, such as the boron nitride analogue BNyne. Here, the authors perform steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe the structure, mechanical properties, and failure of BNyne with a range of triple-single-bond linker numbers. The au...

Graphene folding is an essential process in the design and manufacturing of graphene origami. Here we report the nanomechanical z-shape (accordion) folding of single graphene sheets on flat substrates by using atomic force microscopy techniques. The quantitative nanomechanical measurements in conjunction with nonlinear mechanics modeling and molecu...

Phosphorene, also known as monolayer black phosphorous, has been enjoying the popularity in electronic devices due to its superior electrical properties. However, it’s relatively low Young’s modulus, low fracture strength and susceptibility to structural failure has limited its application in mechanical devices. Therefore, in order to design more m...

The health risk associated with high cholesterol levels in the human body has motivated intensive efforts to lower them by using specialized drugs. However, little research has been reported on utilizing nanomaterials to extract extra cholesterol from living tissues. Graphene possesses great potential for cholesterol extraction from cell membranes...

Durotaxis has been emerging as a novel technique for manipulating directional motion of nanoscale particles. Two-dimensional materials with low surface friction, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), are well-suited to serve as a platform for solid-solid transportations or manipulations. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore the...

We investigate the mechanical strength of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) polymerinterfaces by using in situelectron microscopy nanomechanical single-tube pull-out techniques. The nanomechanical measurements show that the shear strengths of BNNT-epoxy and BNNT-poly(methyl methacrylate) interfaces reach 323 and 219 MPa, respectively. Molecular dynamic...