Xianghong ju

Guangdong Ocean University · Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), an important pattern recognition receptor, activates proinflammatory pathways in response to various pathogens. It has been reported in humans and chicken, but not in geese, an important waterfowl species in China. Since some vaccines stimulate robust immune responsesl in chicken but not in geeeses we speculated that th...

Global warming is a challenge to animal health, because of increased heat stress, with subsequent induction of immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that act as sentinels of pathogen invasion and tissue damage. Ligation of TLRs results in a signaling cascade and produc...

Alternative splicing is a cellular mechanism in eukaryotes that results in considerable diversity of gene products. It plays an important role in several diseases and cellular signal regulation. Heat stress is a major factor that induces immunosuppression in pigs. Little is known about the correlation between alternative splicing and heat stress in...

Understanding the stress-associated mechanisms of immune system function and the increased susceptibility of livestock to disease is now more important than ever because the majority of emerging animal diseases have proven to be zoonotic diseases and, therefore, threaten public health. The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of...

Heat stress decreases immune function and increases disease susceptibility in stressed animals, which are important factors for industry and public health. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress by profiling the expression of target genes involved in the cellular response in the blood of Bama miniature pigs (Sus scrofa dome...

Heat stress poses a significant challenge to animal husbandry, contributing to oxidative stress, intestinal mucosal injury, and apoptosis, which severely impact animal health, growth, and production efficiency. The development of safe, sustainable, and naturally derived solutions to mitigate these effects is critical for advancing sustainable agric...

Background Heat stress (HS) can affect the physiology and metabolism of animals. HS-induced intestinal inflammation in pigs is a common disease, causing severe diarrhea, that can result in substantial economic losses to the pig industry, but the molecular mechanisms and pathogenicity of this disease are not fully understood. The objective of this s...

Siraitia grosvenorii has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-regulating effects, while macrophages play an important role in reducing inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether Siraitia grosvenorii extract (SGE) is effective in reducing inflammation by regulating macrophages. This study investigated the regulatory effect of SGE on ma...

Breast infection is the primary etiology of mastitis in dairy cows, leading to a reduction in the quality of dairy products and resulting in substantial economic losses for animal husbandry. Although antibiotic treatment can eliminate the pathogenic microorganisms that induce mastitis, it cannot repair the inflammatory damage of mammary epithelial...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming an increasingly serious health problem in humans and animals. Probiotics can inhibit the development of IBD. Due to the specificity of the strains, the function and mechanism of action of different strains are still unclear. Here, a DSS-induced colitis mouse model was utilized to investigate the ability...

Although numerous studies have shown that the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis plays a vital role in the response to environmental stress by mediating the production of a series of hormones, the mechanism underlying these effects has not been elucidated. This study used proteomics techniques to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (...

Exposure to vomitoxin (DON) can negatively impact the intestinal health of livestock and poultry, leading to compromised nutrient absorption and utilization, resulting in slowed growth and reduced production efficiency. In this study, we synthesized carbonated chitosan montmorillonite intercalation complexes (CCM) through solution precipitation. Th...

Goose astroviruses (GoAstVs) are causative agents that account for fatal infection of goslings characterized by visceral urate deposition, resulting in severe economic losses in major goose-producing regions in China since 2017. In this study, we sought to unravel the intrinsic properties associated with adaptation and evolution in the host environ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748118.].

Bacterial flagella are involved in infection through their roles in host cell adhesion, cell invasion, auto-agglutination, colonization, the formation of biofilms, and the regulation and secretion of nonflagellar bacterial proteins that are involved in the virulence process. In this study, we constructed a fusion protein vaccine (FliCD) containing...

The choice of carrier material is critical in the study of natural drug release preparations and glycosylated magnetic molecularly imprinted materials. The stiffness and softness of the carrier material affect the efficiency of drug release and the specificity of recognition. The dual adjustable aperture-ligand in molecularly imprinted polymers (MI...

The minor constituent found in Acanthus ilicifolius Linnaeus, 4-hydroxy-2 (3H) benzoxazolone alkaloid (HBOA), has a range of versatile applications. Herein, a quick and straightforward method for extracting HBOA from A. ilicifolius Linnaeus was proposed. HBOA was used as a template, whereas methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and acet...

Background As a kind of flavonoid, baicalin (C21H18O11) is extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, the extract of which can be added to animal feed in China. Objectives The present review will describe the current understanding of the pharmacological effects of baicalin in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress anti‐virus and anti...

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus spp. The disease has a long latent period and is largely underdiagnosed, partially because of the lack of effective early diagnostic approaches. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we profiled the serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of E. multilocular...

The potential threat of global warming in the 21st century is on the ecosystem through many aspects, including the negative impact of rising global temperature on the health of humans and animals, especially domestic animals. The damage caused by heat stress to animals has been more and more significant as the worldwide climate continues to rise, a...

The mechanism underlying the intestinal transport of COS is not well understood. Here, transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed to identify potential critical molecules involved in COS transport. Enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the duodenum of the COS-treated mice were mainly enriched in transmembra...

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) plays a vital role in improving the host system and mucosal immune function. So far, the impact of COS on mucosal immune response in the early stage of oral administration is not well understood. Herein, the distribution of COS after oral gavage and the protein expression changes related to innate immune by tandem mas...

Heat stress (HS)-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis may play a pivotal role in intestinal barrier dysfunction in animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which HS induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. Herein, a eukaryotic expression vector for an HSP70 gene was constructed and transfec...

Background Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the most important contagious diseases in bovine. This is one of the most common infectious disease of cattle. This has led to high economic losses in the cattle farming industry. BoHV-1 can potentially be transmitted via semen during natural o...

Immune stress markedly affects the immune function and growth performance of livestock, including poultry, resulting in financial loss to farmers. It can lead to decreased feed intake, reduced growth, and intestinal disorders. Studies have shown that pathogen-induced immune stress is mostly related to TLR4-related inflammatory signal pathway activa...

Background Small plastic particles such sub-micron- (1μm-100nm) and nanoplastics (<100nm) derived from the environment can enter the human gastrointestinal tract through the food chain. In addition, MPs adsorbed with heavy metals are synergistically toxic to humans. Though the cytotoxicity of different sizes of polystyrene (PS) has been studied, th...

The pathological mechanisms of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in pigs are poorly understood. We report the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed (HS) pigs, fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice, and explain the role of microorganisms in IBD. 24 adult pigs were subjected to HS (34...

Tea tree oil (TTO) exhibits a potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity and is commonly used in skincare products. However, it is not clear whether TTO can protect gut barrier damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Herein, we report the impact of terpinen-4-ol (TER, the primary constituent of TTO), on lipopolys...

Baicalin is a natural plant extract with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, the molecular mechanism of baicalin on oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to LPS remains to be unclear. In this study, LPS stimulation significantly increased Toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) expres...

Bacterial flagella are involved in infection through their roles in host-cell adhesion, cell invasion, auto-agglutination, colonization, and formation of biofilms, as well as in the regulation and secretion of non-flagellar bacterial proteins involved in the virulence process. In this study, we constructed a fusion protein vaccine (FliCD) containin...

Heat stressed pigs show typical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, little is known about the pathogenesis of heat stress (HS)-induced IBD in pigs. In this study, we determined the effects of HS on colon morphology, intestinal microbiota diversity, transcriptome genes (transcripts), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) meta...

Heat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body. Heat stress stimulates oxidative stress in intestinal tissue and suppresses the immune responses of mice. The protecting effects of chitosan on heat stress induced colitis have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of...

Heat stress has severe implications on the health of mice involving intestinal mucosal barrier damage and dysregulated mucosal immune response. This study was designed with long-term heat stress to detect the protective effect of terpinen4-ol on body weight, colon length, organ index, morphological structure, inflammatory cytokines expression, Clau...

Herein, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier protective effects of butyrolactone-I (BTL-1), derived from the coral-derived endophytic fungus (Aspergillus terreus), using the LPS-induced IPEC-J2 inflammation model and the DSS-induced IBD model in mice. In IPEC-J2 cells, pretreatment with BTL-I significantly inhibited TLR4/NF-κB s...

In many mammalian species, including pigs, heat stress (HS) detrimentally leads to epithelium damage and increases intestinal permeability. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not thoroughly investigated yet. This study aimed to examine the RIP1/RIP3-ERK1/2 signaling pathway that regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in H...

Heat stress is a widespread phenomenon in domestic animal feeding in tropical and sub-tropical areas that are subjected to a growing negative effect in livestock and poultry due to global warming. It leads to reduced food intake, retarded growth, intestinal disequilibrium, lower reproductive performance, immunity and endocrine disorders in livestoc...

Disease outbreaks heavily impact the economic viability of animal industries. Little is known about the mechanisms of immune system-related diseases in geese. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in the anti-inflammatory immunity process in most animal species, but they have not been studied in the Magang goose. To elucidate the role of TLR...

The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase‐9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl‐2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion‐dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl‐2 and Fas were analysed in ov...

The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. In modern life, with the improvement of living conditions, the intake of high-sugar and high-fat diets as well as the large-scale use of antibacterial drugs have an extensive impact on the gut microbiota, even leading to gut microbiota-orchestrating disorders. This review discusses the eff...

There is an urgent need for wound dressings to treat partial-thickness burns. Hydrogels are a promising material that can maintain hydration to promote necrotic tissue removal. Tilapia peptides (TP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were incorporated into chitosan system to prepare new types of hydrogels. The hydrogels were cross-linking by tannin (TA), whic...

Background Heat stress (HS)-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis may play a pivotal role in intestinal barrier function injury in animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which HS induces apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. Methods The trial uses a prospective study. Firstly, a eukaryotic exp...

Trichuriasis is a serious threat to the economic development of animal husbandry. This research aimed to establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method to detect Trichuris spp. for the early diagnosis and prevention of trichuriasis in sheep. The real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ddPCR methods were used for the detection of nematodes by targeted...

Background: With evidence of warming climates, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress in farm animals in order to minimize production losses. Studying the changes in the brain proteome induced by heat stress may aid in understanding how heat stress affects brain function. The hypothalamus is a critical region in the brain that co...

The naturally occurring quercetin flavonoid, dihydroquercetin, is widely distributed in plant tissues and plays a variety of biological activities. Herein, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction was tailor‐made for selective determination of dihydroquercetin in Larix griffithiana using HPLC. Amino‐functionalized core‐shell magnetic...

Background Various stressors alter the 'brain-gut axis' and contribute to many gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathological mechanisms of these perturbations are poorly understood. Here, we report on the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed pigs and apply fecal microbiota transplantation...

Dairy animals play an essential role in dietary requirements of human beings in the world. However, the milk production efficiency of these animals is low in developing countries due to poor health, feeding as well as breeding and welfare management. In this review, issues faced by buffalo farmers due to poor reproductive efficiency as depicted by...

It is well established that pig gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis as well as in a myriad of physiological, neurological and immunological functions; including protection from pathogens and digestion of food materials – some of which would be otherwise indigestible by the pig. A rich and diverse gut microbial...

Background: With evidence of warming climates, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress in farm animals in order to minimize production losses. Study of changes in the brain proteome induced by heat stress may aid in understanding how heat stress impacts brain function. The hypothalamus is a key region in the brain that controls the...

Background : With evidence of warming climates, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress in farm animals in order to minimize production losses. Studying the changes in the brain proteome induced by heat stress may aid in understanding how heat stress affects brain function. The hypothalamus is a critical region in the brain that co...

Background : With evidence of warming climates, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress in farm animals in order to minimize production losses. Studying the changes in the brain proteome induced by heat stress may aid in understanding how heat stress affects brain function. The hypothalamus is a critical region in the brain that co...

After quite a while, hyperthermia (HT) will encounter a fresh resurgence as observed by the incredible after effects of a few randomized preliminaries all around the globe. Tumour resistance, in the same way, is proposed in light of the fact that the 4th methodology of treatment for metastatic tumours from the renal carcinoma and melanoma. An infin...

Coccidiosis is one of the major diseases striking the poultry flocks and leading to huge losses and, thus, has direct impact on the economics of this ever growing poultry industry. During the past 70 years, researches have gone through many ways to control this threatening parasitic disease and, surely, the success of this industry today is largely...

The quinoa herb belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae in which spinach and beet also originate. It is South America local herb, and Chenopodium has 250 different kinds all over the world. Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal with high phytochemical substances verified biological and nutritional significance. Quinoa is consumed and used as daily essential fo...

The protective mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -induced inflammatory responses in IPEC-J2 and in mice with DSS dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis is reported. Upon exposure to LPS, the proliferation rate of IPEC-J2 cells markedly decreased, and epithelial cell integrity was compromised. Howev...

Cattle play a vital role in national economy; therefore, the cattle population must be raised by all possible ways of production. Maturation of oocytes outside the body of animal is principal method in dairy production field which is used to produce the mature oocytes for pre-implantation embryo development. This technology has great potential to i...

Puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride are the main components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction, which has been used to treat diarrhoea in China for hundreds of years, yet the biological function and molecular mechanism of these components are not clear. To investigate the effects of puerarin, baicalin, and berberine hydrochloride on the regulati...

Both Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+) and Th17 cells are pivotal in sustaining the immune balance in most experimental animal models. But this is not clear in heat stressed pigs. The present study was aimed at determining if T regulatory and T helper 17 populations along with transcription factors in animals such as pigs are affected by persistent he...

Hyperthermia in pigs induces suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 and SOCS4 expression in intestinal gut and causes disruption of inflammation cytokine production. These changes may affect the development of inflammatory bowel disease in heat-stressed pigs. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. Accordingly, in this study, we examine...

Heat stress (HS) and its associated pathologies are major challenges facing the pig industry in southern China, and are responsible for large economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the abnormal secretion of HS-responsive hormones, such as glucocorticoids, are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate diff...

The symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are attributed largely to two C. difficile toxins, TcdA and TcdB. Significant efforts have been devoted to developing vaccines targeting both toxins through parenteral immunization routes. However, C. difficile is an enteric pathogen, and mucosal/oral immunization would be particularly useful to...

Induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense. How geese recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways is not well understood. In mammals, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA. Activation of TLR3 induces the activation of NF-кB and the production of type-I interferon. In this study, t...