Xavier Benarous

University of Picardie Jules Verne | UPJV · GRAMFC - Groupe de Recherches sur l'Analyse Multimodale de la Fonction Cérébrale

Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are more susceptible to developing severe or resistant mood disorders. However, they often face challenges in accessing specific treatments. To understand the barriers to treatment in this group, we conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational study on 305 adolescents referred to...

Pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) has been differentiated from general anxiety (GA) to better account for the heterogeneity of prenatal anxiety and possible measurement bias. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the evolution of maternal anxiety symptoms during pregnancy, distinguishing PSA and GA, and the influence of maternal attachment...

While youths with intellectual disability (ID) have increased vulnerability for depressive disorders, cognitive problems and combined functional barriers make them less prone to receive adequate treatments. A systematic review of the literature was conducted (PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022347703) based on several databases from 1980 to 2022...

Background Previous pandemics have had negative effects on mental health, but there are few data on children and adolescents who were receiving ongoing psychiatric treatment. Aims To study changes in emotions and clinical state, and their predictors, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Method We administered (by interview) the baseline Youth...

Objective The aim of this study was to explore consensus among clinicians and researchers on how to assess and treat Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Methods The Delphi method was used to organize data collected from an initial sample of 23 child psychiatrists and psychologists. Three rounds of closed/open questions were needed to ac...

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has long suffered from overshadowing in adolescents and hopelessness from the psychiatrists themselves. Comprehensive guidelines for this age group are lacking. Aims: This narrative review aims to describe current recommendations for BPD and recent empirical evidence on effective treatments (both...

Introduction Many countries are currently expanding their paternity leave policies, which have positive effects on parental mental health. Objectives We examined whether two weeks of paid paternity leave are associated with post-partum depression (PPD) in mothers and fathers at two months after the birth of their child. Methods Data originated fr...

Sensory processing difficulties are worth exploring in youths with ASD and feeding problems considering their high frequency and therapeutic potential. To synthesize prior knowledge and discrepancies between studies, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The quality of the 16 reviewed studies was regarded as moderate. The associatio...

Background: While twin pregnancy (TP) is associated with increased maternal physical and psychological risks, little is known about how this context interferes with prenatal attachment. Aims: To compare the level of prenatal attachment between women with TP and singleton pregnancy (SP), and to investigate socio-demographic, maternal mental healt...

Background Several countries are expanding their paternity leave policies, which can have positive effects on parental mental health. We examined whether 2 weeks of paid paternity leave are associated with post-partum depression in mothers and fathers at 2 months after the birth of their child. Methods We used data from the Etude Longitudinale Fra...

Objectives: This study aims to determine the rates of clinically-significant anxiety and depressive symptoms during the immediate postpartum in a sample of women referred to a university maternity department, as well as the associated risk factors and the relations with the level of maternal bonding. Patients and methods: During the third nation...

The study assessed how the timing of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms affects infant socio-emotional characteristics at age 18 months. The study was a longitudinal cohort study that included six assessment points from the third trimester of pregnancy up to age 18 months (±1 month). Assessment of mothers included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depres...

Introduction: Despite the high rate of somatic symptom disorder (TSS) in the pediatric population, etiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous studies conducted in youths with anxiety, eating disorder, or autistic disorder support a relation between difficulties in the perception of sensory signals (i.e., interoception) and difficult...

Maternal sensitivity (MS), the ability to perceive and synchronously respond to the social signals (SSs), is affected by prematurity. The development of early supportive psychotherapy to foster MS, before discharge of the infant from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a major challenge in the prevention of subsequent developmental and menta...

The benefits of book-reading interventions on language development in full-term infants have been well investigated. Because children born preterm face a greater risk of cognitive, language and emotional impairments, this narrative review examines the theoretical evidence, empirical findings, and practical challenges for introducing such interventi...

While the term hikikomori (HKM) has spread internationally to describe a chronic and severe form of social withdrawal, its place in current nosography and its transposition into non-Asian cultures are still debated. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the rate and the clinical profiles of HKM among a French sample of adolescent...

The biopsychosocial changes of the postpartum period make it a period of great vulnerability for psychiatric disorders. The symptoms are often hidden from the family and health professionals. Developmental psychopathology studies have made it possible to better understand the impact of these disorders on mother-baby interactions. Perinatal care net...

Objectives: While long-lasting antipsychotics (LLA) were specifically developed to address the problem of adherence in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders, their role in pediatric populations is not clear. Methods: To document the efficacy, tolerance, and acceptance of LLAs in children and adolescents, a literature search was conducted usin...

Nous présentons le cas clinique d’une femme de 42 ans pour laquelle une mort fœtale in utero (MFIU) a été découverte 11 semaines après le décès du fœtus. Au moment du constat du décès, la patiente s’engageait dans un protocole d’interruption médicale de grossesse (IMG) suite à la découverte d’une cardiopathie congénitale liée à une trisomie 21. L’a...

Résumé L’enfermement à domicile du jeune, qu’il soit associé ou non à un diagnostic psychiatrique, est un problème mondial qui reste longtemps invisible. Le phénomène est de mieux en mieux connu, entre autres à la faveur de la généralisation de la notion d’hikikomori. Cela désigne une conduite qui tend à se répéter, et qui finit par englober tous l...

Aims: We aimed to document the clinical rates and correlates of problematic substance use among adolescent inpatients. Background Adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care are likely to present family and social risk factors making them at high-risk of substance use disorder Objective To document the rates, clinical correlates and effect...

Youths with severe and persistent irritability have a particularly high rate of school failures and learning difficulties. The aim of this study was to determine whether inpatient adolescents with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) have more motor and/or language impairments compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders. A retros...

Objectives: While hospitalization is an essential aspect of the therapeutic strategy for adolescents with severe or treatment-refractory mood disorders, little is known about the outcome predictors during inpatient treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted in a university tertiary referral hospital to determine the factors ass...

Background: Several studies have reported contradictory results regarding the benefits of music interventions in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the Cochrane, PubMed and Medline datab...

Résumé La dépression prénatale est un problème important de santé publique, avec des conséquences dommageables potentielles sur la femme, sa famille, et sur le développement précoce du bébé. Son dépistage en France est encore très limité, malgré l’existence d’outils de dépistage efficaces. Le suivi de la grossesse en maternité est l’occasion d’un d...

Based on the specific experience of a tertiary university hospital in Paris, France, we propose a theoretical framework encompassing developmental, multidimensional, eco‐systemic, and multifactorial perspectives for child and adolescent psychiatry. Consequently, a modern CAPD should be multidisciplinary and implemented in a large medical setting wi...

While behavioral problems are the main reasons for adolescents to be referred to an emergency room for mental health problems, their clinical management remain usually heterogenous, poorly standardized, and associated with a low level of patient and family satisfaction. So far, most attention has been paid to the treatment of agitation, and few ins...

Wiggins et al.¹ recently used data from 3 longitudinal studies spanning preschool and early school children to form an empirically derived framework for early childhood disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (EC-DMDD), ie, a theoretical entity based on all DMDD criteria except the age at onset. The authors showed that the presence of EC-DMDD strong...

Le diagnostic de Trouble Disruptif avec Dysrégulation Emotionnelle (TDDE) a été proposé en 2013 pour caractériser les difficultés de jeunes qui souffrent d'une irritabilité chronique accompagnée de crises de rage répétées disproportionnées à l'âge de développement. Bien que les jeunes avec un TDDE présentent très fréquemment des troubles externalis...

Resumen Las conductas suicidas en la adolescencia constituyen un problema de salud pública de primer orden, no sólo por su frecuencia, sino también por su gravedad potencial. Algo más del 10% de los adolescentes comunica haber tenido pensamientos suicidas en el año anterior y alrededor del 4% de ellos ya habría intentado suicidarse. Se trata de la...

Objectives Patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are likely to exhibit an acute onset of severe psychiatric features, including psychosis and/or catatonia. Based on the high prevalence of catatonia in AE and our clinical experience, we hypothesized that catatonia might be a marker of severity requiring more aggressive treatment approaches. Me...

Une intervention psychothérapeutique protocolisée a été mise au point par Stanley et associés pour aider à prévenir de futurs comportements suicidaires chez les personnes qui ont déjà fait une tentative de suicide. Le plan de sécurité (PS) fournit aux suicidants une planification écrite, personnalisée, étape par étape, des stratégies de protection...

When should we use antidepressant medications in children? Antidepressant medication may not be considered as a first-line treatment in children; psychotherapeutic treatments should always be preferentially used. At this age, the efficacy of SSRI is regarded as low to moderate for depression, but moderate to high for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (...

Résumé But de l’étude Dans un contexte d’inflation du nombre de demandes de prises en charge en pédopsychiatrie, les unités d’hospitalisation pour adolescents sont de plus en plus sollicitées. Notre objectif est de déterminer les facteurs prédictifs de la durée d’hospitalisation en unité pour adolescents dans un service hospitalo-universitaire. P...

Difficulty modulating sensory information has been described in children with developmental disorders. However, the relation of sensory processing difficulties (SPD) to emotional regulation problems remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to determine the rate and patterns of SPD in youth with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMD...

Background: Although the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) was included in the depressive disorders (DD) section of the DSM-5, common and distinctive features between DMDD and the pre-existing DD (i.e., major depressive disorder, MDD, and persistent depressive disorder, PDD) received little scrutiny. Methods: Youths consecutively ass...

Resumen La adolescencia es un período de gran transformación que puede engendrar un cierto grado de inseguridad interna. La persona deberá hacerle frente con sus recursos psíquicos y con la ayuda de su entorno. En este artículo, se desarrollan tres problemáticas centrales de la adolescencia: la problemática del cuerpo, la problemática de la modific...

Effective use of atomoxetine to treat six inpatient youths with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder without attention deficit disorder - Xavier Benarous, Vladimir Ferrafiat, Jessica Zammit, Angèle Consoli, Priscille Gérardin, Jean-Marc Guilé, David Cohen

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been a controversial entity with various opinions about its clinical relevance as an independent mental disorder. This debate has also included discussions about the relationships between problematic gaming, various psychiatric disorders, and personality traits and dimensions. This paper outlines a developmental-t...

While many psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk for suicidal behaviors (SB) in children and adolescents, a few studies have explored the role of clinical symptoms based on a dimensional approach. Irritability is seen as a marker, a general psychopathology, and a symptom of both externalizing and internalizing disorders. In th...

To understand whether changes exist in the types of youths mental health problems addressed in emergency in a context of increasing demand, we conducted a retrospective chart review in an emergency care outpatient unit. Data from children and adolescents admitted at four different time periods (years 1981, 1992, 2002, and 2017) were compared to det...

Après avoir rappelé les principaux mécanismes épigénétiques, nous examinerons comment les résultats de données expérimentales sur des modèles animaux et cliniques éclairent notre compréhension de l’impact des situations d’adversité précoces sur le développement. Enfin, nous expliquerons en quoi l’épigénétique forme un modèle de compréhension biolog...

En 2003, les mises en garde européennes puis américaine issues des agences de régulation du médica-ment ont mis un frein brutal à une prescription devenue exponentielle des antidépresseurs chez l'enfant et l'adolescent. Les données issues d'études de pharmacoépidémiologie, de réanalyses d'essais thérapeu-tiques et d'essais cliniques de grande enver...

RÉSUMÉ Le syndrome catatonique est un syndrome psychomoteur rare chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Bien que sa présentation soit proche de celle de l’adulte, certains symptômes sont importants chez l’enfant et l’adolescent (par exemple les signes de régression au plan du développement). Les pathologies psychiatriques associées sont les mêmes que celle...

Background: Suicide is the second leading causes of death among 15- to 19-years old.The onset of adverse life events represent important proximal risk factors for suicidal beahviors.The objectives of this study are to determine the patterns. Methods and Findings: This study used a case-control design in which a sample of 136 adolescents who had at...

Introduction: Catatonia is a rare and severe psychomotor condition in children and adolescents. In the current report, we aimed to review the recent literature. Method: Using a PRISMA approach, we searched MEDLINE between 1982 and 2017 using the keywords 'CATATONIA' and 'CHILD' or 'ADOLESCENT'. In total, we reviewed 130 reports (controlled study...

Objectives Pediatric catatonia is a rare and life-threatening syndrome. Around 20% of juvenile catatonia is associated with organic condition (Consoli et al., 2012). Autoimmune conditions represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge since specific antibodies can be missed. To facilitate decision making, we recently formulated a causality assess...

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the clinical correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among 158 inpatient youths with two types of severe psychiatric disorders. ACEs were retrospectively collected with the ACEs scale and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire in 77 patients hospitalized for a catatonic syndrome...

The aim of this literature review was to examine the evidence for psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments in subjects with severely dysregulated mood and to identify potential areas for improvements in research designs. A literature search was conducted using several databases for published (PubMed, PsycINFO) and ongoing (clinical trial re...

Context Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent among inpatient adolescents with psychiatric disorders. In this population, substance use and other psychiatric outcomes can reinforce one another. Despite the need for integrated interventions in youths with dual diagnoses, few specific instruments are available. App-based technologies ha...

Difficulties with interpersonal relationships have been reported in children and adolescents with manic symptoms, even if they do not fulfil criteria for a manic episode. The role of social aptitude (SA) in youths with manic symptoms has never been examined in the general population. Moreover, no study has examined whether SA is differentially asso...

In recent decades, ongoing research programmes on primary prevention and early identification of bipolar disorder (BD) have been developed. The aim of this article is to review the principal forms of evidence that support preventive interventions for BD in children and adolescents and the main challenges associated with these programmes. We perform...

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) has been developed as a multilevel approach to study neurocognitive impairments in psychiatry. Considering the high prevalence and the functional impairment associated with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (DMMD) in youths, a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such emotional...

Depressive symptoms are frequently reported during the period preceding the onset of schizophrenia in adolescents when such symptoms can be mistaken for those of mood disorder. However, it is unclear which emotional symptoms should be considered predictive of schizophrenia onset. The types of emotional disturbances that may precede schizophrenic di...

The relationship between depression and aggressive behaviors in adolescents has previously been reported in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the effect of gender on this relationship. This study tested whether the link between depressive symptoms and physical aggression differed between boys an...

Résumé De nombreux paramètres cliniques et biologiques présentent des cycles non linéaires de type chaotiques. Ces variations se traduisent par des transitions brutales et inattendues d’allure pseudo-aléatoires. Dans ces systèmes peu de facteurs de risque peuvent conduire à des phénomènes inattendus si des mécanismes d’oscillations et d’auto-renfor...

Compared to the large number of studies exploring difficulties in emotion recognition in maltreated children, few (N = 12) have explored the cognitive aspect of theory of mind (ToM), i.e., the ability to understand others’ thoughts and intentions. A systematic review of these studies shows inconsistent results regarding cognitive ToM tasks. Youths...

De nombreuses études ont souligné le lien entre la dépression et les comportements agressifs chez l’adulte. Des résultats contradictoires sont retrouvés chez les adolescents. L’objectif principal de notre étude est d’étudier le lien entre des troubles du comportement agressif et la présence d’affects dépressifs chez les adolescents. Nous avons auss...

In 2006, the WHO recognized child abuse as a major public health problem for children as well as other chronic conditions. All forms of abuse concern nearly 1–5% of children in high-income countries, with frequent association between them. Global underestimation of these maltreatment behaviors was underlined by crosschecking data from retrospective...

The first part of this article was devoted to the evaluation of the prevalence of different types of child maltreatment and their long-term consequences in children; here we conducted a literature review of studies evaluating the efficacy of medico-social interventions in these children. A better recognition of cases remains a major issue for impro...

The link between depression and aggressive behavior in adults has been found in many studies. In adolescents, this relationship is still controversial. Several studies point out that irritability is a key symptom in adolescent depressed. Few studies have analyzed precisely the kind of aggressive behavior. This study sets out to assess the relations...

Objectives During adolescence, identity quest and reactivation of infantile conflicts confront the young with feelings of loss and bereavement. This distress often manifests itself by symptoms of acting out. Suicide risk and self-injurious behavior have been well-studied while only little clinical research has been made about sexual acting out. Me...

Many situations in common medical practice, especially in chronic diseases, require patients to be mobilized for health behavior decisions: for daily intake of an antihypertensive drug, performing a mammography for cancer screening, as well as adopting new diet habits in diabetes. Ability to initiate a health behavior depends on several parameters....

Lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent bipolar 1 disorder (BD1) is nearly 0.1 %. Even though it is not a frequent disorder in young people, there is an increased interest for this disorder at this age, because of the poor outcome, the severe functional impairments and the major risk of suicide. Diagnosis is complex in view of the more frequent...

Lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent bipolar 1 disorder (BD1) is nearly 0.1 %. Even though it is not a frequent disorder in young people, there is an increased interest for this disorder at this age, because of the poor outcome, the severe functional impairments and the major risk of suicide. Diagnosis is complex in view of the more frequent...

Behavior problems of adolescents and psychiatric disorders Behavioral disorders are commonly found during adolescence. Therefore, it is one of the most usual reasons for consultation in general medical practice or in emergency unit at this age. Although these abnormal behaviors are most of the time isolated and part of the usual psychological matur...

La stratégie à adopter face à un EDM au décours d’un AVC est délicate. Bien qu’ayant un effet positif sur la récupération fonctionnelle après un AVC, les antidépresseurs IRS risquent d’induire des effets indésirables hémorragiques, notamment cutanéomuqueux et digestifs. Ils pourraient donc majorer le risque d’AVC hémorragique chez les patients les...

Many situations in common medical practice, especially in chronic diseases, require patients to be mobilized for health behavior decisions: for daily intake of an antihypertensive drug, performing a mammography for cancer screening, as well as adopting new diet habits in diabetes. Ability to initiate a health behavior depends on several parameters....