Xabier Arana Idiakez

University of La Rioja | UNIRIOJA · Education Sciences

Within the observational methodology, an analysis of the interaction between kickers and goalkeepers has been carried out, in penalty kicks taken in international team competitions, which allows the goalkeeper to obtain relevant information about the area of the goal to which the kick is going to be directed from the information perceived at differ...

En el seno de la metodología observacional el presente artículo analiza la interacción jugador-portero que se produce en lanzamientos (n=120) correspondientes a tandas de penaltis de competiciones internacionales de selecciones-Eurocopa 2021, Copa América 2021, Copa Asia 2019 y Copa África 2019-, tomando en consideración la zona de la portería a la...

This work shows the possibilities that observational analysis can offer to match analysis in Wheelchair Basketball, outlined in a study of the sequences that end in a shot, in the men's team considered to be the best in the world (USA), in the Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020. Data recording and coding the 527 sequences that end in a shot was carried ou...

An observation instrument was designed to analyse the interaction between the kicker and goalkeeper in a penalty kick, which allows to obtain relevant information in order to predict the direction of the kick. To fulfil this aim, an analysis was carried out of the interaction between kickers and goalkeepers in penalties taken in the following inter...

El presente trabajo persigue delimitar el desempeño técnico-táctico en combates en la iniciación al karate y mostrar las posibilidades de aplicación de la técnica de análisis de árbol de decisión en metodología observacional. El muestreo observacional ha ascendido a 887 acciones técnico-tácticas ofensivas realizadas en 40 combates por participantes...

Within the framework of an observational methodology study, we used log-linear analysis to analyze efficiency in elite under-16 basketball from the perspective of three key dimensions: shot position, last pass position, and shot result. The reliability of the observational datasets was confirmed by analysis of interobserver agreement (Cohen's kappa...

Within the framework of observational methodology, we conducted a log-linear analysis to study efficiency in relation to players' functional ability in wheelchair basketball by analyzing associations between the position of the last pass before a shot, a shot position, and a shot result (favorable or unfavorable). The observation sample contained a...

With the use of the observational methodology, a comparative match analysis has been carried out between the two finalist teams of the Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016-the observational sampling is made up of all the sequences finished in shooting in each of the matches played by the selections of USA and Spain-. The objective has been to ch...

The objective of the present study was to analyse the construction and effectiveness of the offensive sequences of shots by members of the 2016 Paralympic gold medal men's wheelchair basketball team. The analysis included the shot situation and of the actions leading up to the shot (reception prior to the shot, last pass, reception prior to the las...

The objective of the present study was to analyse the construction and effectiveness of the offensive sequences of shots by members of the 2016 Paralympic gold medal men's wheelchair basketball team. The analysis included the shot situation and of the actions leading up to the shot (reception prior to the shot, last pass, reception prior to the las...

We used observational methodology to analyze lateral conditioning in the technical-tactical performance of high level 8-9-year-old karatekas, specifically in relation to the guard action that supports the technical action and the body segment with which it is performed. We designed an ad hoc observation instrument to analyze lateral preference in t...

En metodología observacional, para abordar la fiabilidad de los datos ya registrados, suele recurrirse a coeficientes de concordancia, coeficientes de correlación o a la teoría de la generalizabilidad; además, cada vez está tomando mayor protagonismo la concordancia consensuada. Esta forma de concordancia trata de lograr la coincidencia entre los o...

The consensus agreement method in observational methodology: impact of sample size on time requirements and dataset quality Concordância consensual na metodologia observacional: efeitos do tamanho do grupo, tempo e qualidade do registro RESUMEN En metodología observacional, para abordar la fiabilidad de los datos ya registrados, suele recurrirse a...

In training karate, sports initiation through combat or kumite is becoming more and more relevant. The objective of the present work, carried out using an observational methodology, consists of analysing the technical-tactical performance in the initiation to kumite of karate. The observational sample is made up of 61 data packets, generated by 37...

¡Es un hecho! Cada vez se introduce antes a los niños en el fútbol. Y, con los niños, no son válidos los modelos adultos de referencia. Ya que se produce una introducción temprana del niño en el fútbol, en el presente libro pretendemos dar respuesta a cómo debe ser esta iniciación, para limitar las amenazas de una especialización temprana, pero sin...

This paper is based on match analysis using observational methodology. Its object of study is the execution of the control core technical/tactical concept by Sergio Busquets, the FC Barcelona international midfielder. The observation instrument was developed ad hoc and was a combination of field format and category systems. The recording and coding...

The observation instrument was purpose-built and combines a field format with systems of categories. The observation instrument allows to analyze the social interaction -prosocial and antisocial behaviors- that takes place in team boccia competition. The content validity of the observation instrument has been guaranteed by the coaching staff of the...

Se ha diseñado un instrumento de observación ad hoc, combinación de formato de campo y sistemas de categorías, que permite analizar la interacción social -conductas prosociales y antisociales- que tiene lugar en la competición por equipos en el juego de boccia. El registro y codificación de los datos se ha desarrollado mediante el software Lince. L...

RESUMEN En el seno de la metodología observacional, y a partir de un pormenorizado análisis del reglamento-Leyes FIDE-, se ha elaborado un sistema de observación ad hoc que permite analizar los movimientos ilegales en el ajedrez de iniciación. La fiabilidad de los datos, en forma de concordancia inter-observadores, se ha garantizado mediante el coe...

Although the full potential of observational methodology is realized through diachronic analyses, synchronic analyses can be used to investigate associations between categorical variables. Log-linear modeling is an appropriate method for investigating associations between three or more dimensions using multidimensional contingency tables. We provid...

Within the observational methodology, and based on a detailed analysis of FIDE laws of Chess, an observation system has been developed ad hoc for analyzing the illegal moves that children commit in chess. The reliability of the resulting data was confirmed by analysis of interobserver agreement, using Cohen's kbibra statistic. The results of the ge...

Following observational methodology, we analyzed successful and unsuccessful offensive attacks by professional and elite under-16 (U16) basketball players in Spain using an adapted ad hoc observation instrument designed to study efficiency in basketball. We identified both similarities and differences between how players from both categories built...

This observational methodology study had a substantive and a methodological aim. The substantive aim was to analyse the use of overall and effective play-space (EP-S) in the construction of offensive sequences ending in a shot by under-12 (U12) FC Barcelona (FCB) players. Analysis of EP-S helps to contextualise play in terms of a player’s relations...

This observational methodology study had two objectives. The first was to show how a purposedesigned observation instrument can be used to analyze technical and tactical aspects of a karate match by identifying behavioral patterns in a systematically compiled dataset containing coded records of, by order of inclusion, bouts, sequences, guards, and...

We designed an ad hoc observation instrument for analyzing and interpreting the ready and set phases of block starts in track events. To test the reliability, validity, and functionality of the instrument, we analyzed datasets corresponding to six block starts by five junior female athletes. The reliability of the instrument was shown by calculatin...

We designed an ad hoc observation instrument for analyzing and interpreting the ready and set phases of block starts in track events. To test the reliability, validity, and functionality of the instrument, we analyzed datasets corresponding to six block starts by five junior female athletes. The reliability of the instrument was shown by calculatin...

Boccia is a Paralympic sport for athletes with locomotor dysfunction. The aim of this observational methodology study was to describe the design of an ad hoc observation instrument for analyzing individual boccia in the BC3 category (for athletes with severe functional impairment) and to show how it can be used in a practical setting to analyze tec...

p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"> The aim of this study was to investigate diachronic relationships in successful and unsuccessful behaviors by world fencing champions using three complementary techniques: T-pattern analysis, lag sequential analysis, and polar coordinate analysis. We employed a nomothetic, poin...

La Metodología Observacional es un marco riguroso y flexible que permite capturar conductas desplegadas en el tiempo y la posterior realización de análisis diacrónicos. Theme es uno de los softwares que están siendo crecientemente utilizados en el deporte, y en concreto en el fútbol, para detectar un tipo determinado de estructura regular de conduc...

Observational methodology provides a rigorous yet flexible framework for capturing behaviors over time to allow for the performance of subsequent diachronic analyses of the data captured. Theme is a specialized software program that detects hidden temporal behavioral patterns (T-patterns) within data sets. It is increasingly being used to analyze p...

La iniciación temprana en el fútbol, que ya es habitual, ha justificado propuestas de adaptación que pretenden facilitar el primer contacto del niño con este deporte. Los especialistas coinciden en señalar al fútbol 3 como la propuesta de juego más recomendable en la iniciación al fútbol, al ser la unidad mínima que permite el desarrollo de todos l...

Polar coordinate analysis is a powerful data reduction technique based on the Zsum statistic, which is calculated from adjusted residuals obtained by lag sequential analysis. Its use has been greatly simplified since the addition of a module in the free software program HOISAN for performing the necessary computations and producing easy-to-interpre...

Small-sided games provide young soccer players with better opportunities to develop their skills and progress as individual and team players. There is, however, little evidence on the effectiveness of different game formats in different age groups, and furthermore, these formats can vary between and even within countries. The Royal Spanish Soccer A...

Observational studies in the field of sport are complicated by the added difficulty of having to analyse multiple, complex events or behaviours that may last just a fraction of a second. In this study, we analyse three aspects related to the reliability of data collected in such a study. The first aim was to analyse and compare the reliability of d...

This study shows how simple and multiple logistic regression can be used in observational methodology and more specifically, in the fields of physical activity and sport. We demonstrate this in a study de-signed to determine whether three-a-side futsal or five-a-side futsal is more suited to the needs and potential of children aged 6-to-8 years. We...

In 2011-2012, the Spanish Soccer Federation changed the format of junior championship matches played between regional-level teams in Spain from a 7-a-side to an 8-a-side format. Soon afterwards, the regional federations followed in their footsteps by adapting their competition formats accordingly. Taking the use of space as a functional indicator o...

This study shows how simple and multiple logistic regression can be used in observational methodology and more specifically, in the fields of physical activity and sport. We demonstrate this in a study designed to determine whether three-a-side futsal or five-a-side futsal is more suited to the needs and potential of children aged 6-to-8 years. We...

En los últimos años en el seno de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol se ha planteado la posible implantación de la modalidad de fútbol 8 en lugar de fútbol 7. El presente artículo trata de arrojar luz sobre la cuestión, suponiendo una aproximación a la fase ofensiva de las modalidades de fútbol 7 y fútbol 8 en la categoría alevín. En el seno de...

One of the most recent analytical techniques in observational methodology is T-pattern detection and analysis (regular structures of behaviour) with the THEME software. THEME analyses observational data, searching for critical interval relationship between single event types to more complex T-pattern structures. The current study analyses the degra...

This article analyses the tactics employed by middle-distance (1500-m) and long-distance (5000-m) runners from an observational methodology perspective. The subject of investigation has received little attention from specialists in the field of athletics, with most research focusing on physiological studies of athlete performance. Using an ad hoc o...

One of the most recent analytical techniques in observational methodology is T-pattern detection and analysis (regular structures of behaviour) with the THEME software. THEME analyses observational data, searching for critical interval relationship between single event types to more complex T-pattern structures. The current study analyses the degra...

This paper analyses the construction of offensive sequences ending with a shot of one of the best Spanish basketball teams in the youth category (Real Madrid). Based on the data obtained using the SOBL-2 observation instrument, developed ad hoc by Fernández, Camerino, Anguera and Jonsson (2009), two analyses were performed: one, a descriptive and i...

El presente trabajo pretende elevar una propuesta intermedia de baloncesto en la categoría infantil, que permita que el paso de la modalidad de minibasket al baloncesto adulto sea progresivo. Con tal objetivo se someten a estudio los efectos en el patrón técnico de lanzamiento de tiro libre de cinco adaptaciones reglamentarias resultado de combinar...

The ultimate aim of this paper is to contribute to the process of adapting this sport (basketball) to children. At the age of 12 to 13, children who have previously played under mini-basketball rules suddenly find themselves thrown into the youth category, participating in full-blown basketball matches under the same conditions –the same size court...

This study aims to raise an intermediate proposal for basketball in the children's category that will make the transition from mini-basketball to adult basketball progressive. To this end, we have studied the impacts on the free throw shooting technical pattern of five regulatory adaptations resulting from the combination of three types of ball -nu...

This paper analyses the construction of offensive sequences ending with a shot of one of the best Spanish basketball teams in the youth category (Real Madrid). Based on the data obtained using the SOBL-2 observation instrument, developed ad hoc by Fernández, Camerino, Anguera and Jonsson (2009), two analyses were performed: one, a descriptive and i...

The ultimate aim of this paper is to contribute to the process of adapting this sport (basketball) to children. At the age of 12 to 13, children who have previously played under mini-basketball rules suddenly find themselves thrown into the youth category, participating in full-blown basketball matches under the same conditions -the same size court...

Logistic regression is included into the analysis techniques which are valid for observational methodology. However, its presence at the heart of this methodology, and more specifically in physical activity and sports studies, is scarce. With a view to highlighting the possibilities this technique offers within the scope of observational methodolog...

The use of analytical techniques based on algorithms for identifying behaviour patterns using existing regularities has had a considerable methodological impact on the study of behaviour and human interaction -also in the field sport-. This work focuses on the algorithm developed by Magnusson (1996, 2000) which, implemented in the THEME programme,...

Abstract This article analyses the offensive phase of the national team than won the 2010 UEFA Championship. More specifically, the observational sampling includes all plays in which the Spanish national futsal team managed to "shoot" in the competition in question. This data was obtained by adapting an observational and recording tool typically us...

Abstract Within an observational design aimed at studying what type of soccer is better adapted to the possibilities of the 11-12 year-old child, a comparison was made of the results obtained using two fully consolidated analysis techniques in observational methods, and which form the basis in the development of two respective software programs: SD...

El comportamiento táctico en carreras atléticas de fondo ha sido residualmente estudiado. En el presente trabajo, en el seno de la metodología observacional, se ha construido un instrumento de observación que permite detectar patrones temporales de comportamiento táctico –mediante el software Theme, versión 5.0.–, en el muestreo observacional corre...

El comportament tactic en curses atletiques de fons ha estat residualment estudiat. En el present treball, al si de la metodologia observacional, s’ha construit un instrument d’observacio que permet detectar patrons temporals de comportament tactic –mitjancant el programari Theme, versio 5.0– en el mostratge observacional corresponent a les finals...

This article represents an approach to the free throw from the perspective of observational methodology. Faced with the obvious difficulty of transferring quantitative data resulting from the habitual biomechanical studies to everyday sports intervention, an easily accessible observational tool has been produced which, as a main contribution, allow...

En el seno de la metodologia observacional, se ha construido un instrumento de observacion ad hoc que permite un estudio secuencial de las diferentes acciones que se realizan durante los combates de karate. Mediante estadistica y la deteccion de patrones temporales, el presente estudio pretende comparar el desempeno tecnico-tactico en la competicio...

En el seno de la metodología observacional, se ha construido un instrumento de observación ad hoc que permite un estudio secuencial de las diferentes acciones que se realizan durante los combates de karate. Mediante estadística y la detección de patrones temporales, el presente estudio pretende comparar el desempeño técnico-táctico en la competició...

This article presents a study of karate using an observational methodology. Our interest in studying children’s sport prompted us to consider a comparative study of the senior category and the 12-13 age group. Data for this study were obtained from fights filmed at spanish national karate championships. An ad hoc observation instrument was construc...

El presente artículo constituye una aproximación al tiro libre de baloncesto desde la perspectiva de la metodología observacional. Ante la difi cultad manifi esta para trasladar a la intervención deportiva cotidiana los datos cuantitativos resultantes de los estudios biomecánicos habituales, se ha elaborado una herramienta observacional de gran acc...

Using the observational methodology as a work method, this article studies the gestural routines employed by eleven to twelve-year old children before free throws in basketball. Using the 5.0 version of the Theme program to discover hidden patterns, we have analysed movement behaviours and their variations in sequence and timing. The article conclu...

In the latest years, it has been considered, within the Spanish Football Federation, the possibility of creating a new league of 8 football�s game instead of 7 football�s game. This article tries to enlighten the subject, as an approximation to the attacking phase of 7 and 8 football�s game in the children category. Within the observational methodo...

The aim of this research work is to show that the current arrangement of football competitions in La Rioja, among other regions, in the first year of the Children’s Category in terms of passage from the modality of 7 football to 11 football has some deficiencies that cause a lack of adjustment between the characteristics of football and the real po...