Wills Flowers

• Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

We assessed water quality using physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in 37 streams between Puerto Maldonado and Cusco in Peru. Study sites ranged from ~200 to 4000 m in elevation, with streams selected as pairs (control/natural vs. human impacted) along this gradient. In general, temperature decreased (R2 = 0.82) and other parameters...

The first natural history account of Discomorpha (Discomorpha) biplagiata (Guérin) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Omocerini) from Ecuador is presented. Larvae and adults feed on the leaves and stems of Cordia hebeclada Johnst. (Boraginaceae), the first documented host plant for the species. Oviposition and pupation also occur on this host. Young larva...

This third segment in the Beetles of Peru follows from beetle families presented in preceding issues of this journal. This segment presents two chrysomeloid families, Megalopodinae and Chrysomelidae, and Riphiphoridae, Cantharidae, Nosodendridae, Dermestidae, and Bostrichidae. Chrysomelidae in Peru number 1724 species, making it the most speciose o...

A new species of xyleborine ambrosia beetle has been found to attack balsa, Ochroma pyramidale (Cavanilles ex Lamarck) Urban, in Ecuador. Coptoborus ochromactonus Smith & Cognato is described and its biology is reported. Large-scale surveys were conducted between 2006 and 2009, and observational studies were carried out between 2010 and 2013 in Ecu...

In this paper the first record of Hydrosmilodon primanus (Eaton, 1892) from South America is presented. The record of the species is based on nymphs collected in San Sebastián de Mariquita city, Tolima department, Colombia.

Atopophlebia pitculya is described from adults and nymphs from western Ecuador. Nymphs were found in leaf packs in small streams that can be intermittent in the dry season. This species along with Atopophlebia fortunensis are found asso-ciated with the accreted terranes of Central America, the Western Andes of Colombia, and the coastal mountains in...

Chalcosicya maya, new species, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) is described and the species key of Blake (1951) is modified to accommodate it. This is the first known mainland species of this previously Antillean genus. Sclerotized rods in the apical segment of the ovipositor of Chalcosicya Blake and related genera are shown to be useful sy...

Classification is the most basic of all the biological sciences; indeed, most scientific questions biologists ask could never be formulated or even conceived without reference to some sort of hierarchical arrangement of taxa. Yet the future of taxonomy-or whether taxonomy has a future-has become a recurring topic in both specialized and popular sci...

Four new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), Thraulodes amanda sp. n., Thraulodes pelicanus sp. n., Thraulodes xavantinensis sp. n. and Thraulodes sinuosus sp. n are described based on imagos. A new synonymy (Thraulodes lepidus [Ulmer]=Thraulodes cryptodrilus Nieto & Domínguez) is proposed and the distribution of Thraulode...

Lepicerus pichilingue new species (type locality: Quevedo, Los Ríos, Ecuador) is described from leaf litter in mixed plantings of plantain and cacao in western Ecuador. L. pichilingue is very similar to L. inaequalis, but differs distinctively in the structure of the aedeagus.

In 1996, Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty described the species Traverella longifrons from Costa Rica based on nymphs previously known under the informal epithet Traverella sp. B Allen (19731. Allen , R. K. 1973 . ‘Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs. I. Traverella in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae)’ . Annals of the Entomological Society of Ameri...

The predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is native to Florida. Some biology and ecology of this phytoseiid have been documented, but its potential as a biological control agent of phytophagous mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) has received less attention. The response of P. macropilis to 12 acaricides, 3 tetranychid mite sp...

Life history characteristics of five species of Baetidae were investigated over a one-year period at Quebrada González, a warmwater stream in Braulio Carrillo National Park. Larvae of three species of Baetodes and two species of Camelobaetidius were collected at monthly intervals. Measurements of head capsules show a wide size range within each spe...

In 2006, the Stroud Water Research Center conducted inventories of stream macroinvertebrates in the Peninsula de Osa in Costa Rica and the Madre de Dios watershed in eastern Peru. Both areas have extensive lowland tropical rainforests under threat from road development, tourism, poaching and gold mining. The mayfly communities of the two regions we...

Mayflies of the cosmopolitan genus Choroterpes have been a systematic and biogeographical puzzle for many years. Currently, the genus is divided into three subgenera (Choroterpes s.s., Euthraulus, and Cryptopenella) distributed from North America to China, South America, Africa and New Guinea. Most extant species inhabit small lowland coastal strea...

Novel host records and feeding behaviors are reported for five species in three genera of two cassidine beetle tribes, Hemisphaerotini and Imatidiini, from Ecuador. Carludovica Ruiz and Pav. (Cyclanthaceae) is reported as a new plant family and genus host for two species of Spaethiella Barber and Bridwell. Calathea G. Mey (Marantaceae) is reported...

Australotymnes jipijapa new genus, new species (type locality: Ecuador) is described. Adults were collected from vegetation during the rainy season in disturbed and converted dry forest in western Ecuador.

The flightless genus Apterodina Bechyné is known from four South American species: two in southeastern Brazil and one each in Colombia and Ecuador (Flowers 2004). This paper describes a second Ecuadorian Apterodina and gives the first habitat data for this genus. Specimens are deposited in the following institutions: FSCA, Florida State Collection...

Thraulodes quevedoensis new species (type locality: Quevedo, Ecuador) is described from adults and nymphs. This species was found in a moderately polluted river running through a highly altered agricultural and urban landscape of western Ecuador.

Thraulodes quevedoensis new species (type locality: Quevedo, Ecuador) is described from adults and nymphs. This species was found in a moderately polluted river running through a highly altered agricultural and urban landscape of western Ecuador.

Cryocolaspis crinita n. gen., n. sp. is described from the mountains of central Costa Rica. The genus is a member of the tribe Adoxini and can be distinguished from other setose Neotropical Eumolpinae genera Sphaeropis, Brevicolaspis, Trichospinthera, and Xanthonia by its long erect setae and the combination of bidentate margins and depressions on...

New records of Tikuna atramentum (Traver) (Leptophlebiidae) from Costa Rica show that this species can live in both temporary and permanent streams. All known localities are closely associated with Nicoya Complex terranes. Range maps are given for the other known species and an undescribed morphospecies of Tikuna and the biogeography of the genus i...

Everyone agrees that describing biodiversity is lagging far behind 1) discovery of new biodiversity, and 2) extinction of biodiversity. In recent years there have been a number of different opinions on what to do about the slow rate of publication of new species descriptions. Some see the impediment as a complex interaction of low funding, and slow...

Copulatory linking of male and female genitalic structures in 11 Neotropical species of Chrysomelidae and one species of Megalopodidae was studied by freezing and then dissecting pairs of beetles in copula. In Megalopus armatus (Megalopodidae) the male has a long endophallus with complex membranous protuberances and a terminal flagellum that probab...

Choroterpes gregoryi new species (type locality: Maquenco, Costa Rica) and Choroterpes mairena new species (type locality: Cuajiniquil, Costa Rica) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) are described from imagos and nymphs. Both species occur along the west coast of Costa Rica in streams on or near the Nicoya Complex. Choroterpes mairen...

Choroterpes gregoryi new species (type locality: Maquenco, Costa Rica) and Choroterpes mairena new species (type locality: Cuajiniquil, Costa Rica) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) are described from imagos and nymphs. Both species occur along the west coast of Costa Rica in streams on or near the Nicoya Complex. Choroterpes mairen...

Ulmeritoides acosa new species (type locality: La Palma, Costa Rica) and Ulmeritoides chavarriae new species (type locality: Santa Elena, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described from imagos and nymphs. Both species occur along the west coast of Costa Rica, and both are adapted to living in temporary st...

A new genus, Tikuna, is described based on recent collections of adults and nymphs of Choroterpes atramentum Traver from western Costa Rica. All recent collections are from streams on or near the Nicoya Complex, the oldest geological formation in Lower Central America. Tikuna belongs to a lineage of South American Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae:...

The genus Prionodera Chevrolat is redescribed and Prionodera adiastola new species ( type locality: Limacocha, Ecuador), P. arimanes new species ( type locality: Beni, Bolivia), P. dichroma new species ( type locality: Panama, Panama), P. esmeralda new species ( type locality: Alajuela, Costa Rica), P. furcada new species ( type locality: Ipeti, Pa...

The genus Apterodina Bechyne is redescribed and two new species with reduced wings, Apterodina bechynei n. sp. and Apterodina ruminyahui n. sp. are described from South America, and A. bucki Bechyne is redescribed. Brachypterodina new genus is described from Costa Rica along with the new species Brachypterodina morae and Brachypterodina gonzalezi....

Keys in Spanish and English are given for the genera of Chrysomelinae known from Costa Rica. For each genus, a list of species compiled from collections in the University of Costa Rica, the National Biodiversity Institute, and the entomological literature is presented. The genus Planagetes Chevrolat 1843 is recorded for the first time from Central...

Thysanomeros new genus is described from Costa Rica. The new species Thysanomeros ulateae Flowers is described, and Prionodera jacobyiLefèvre is transfered to ThysanomerosNEW COM- BINATION and designated as the type species. The new genus belongs in the informal group Endocephalites of the eumolpine tribe Eumolpini. Resumen

Integrated pest and disease management practices are under evaluation in the plantain region of Ecuador. El Carmen County is the main reference area, although the main plantain region covers part of the territory of four provinces. In El Carmen, two experiments have been carried out during the last three years with an agreement between the National...

Research on Eglin Air Force Base, Hurlburt Field, and the Apalachicola National Forest has led to rediscovery in Florida of the springtail Sminthurus floridanus (Collembola: Sminthuridae) and the grasshopper Gymnoscirtetes morsei (Orthoptera: Acrididae). S. floridanus was collected in fire-maintained longleaf pine/wiregrass stands. G. morsei was fo...

Host plant associations are given for 137 species representing 7 subfamilies and 92 genera of Costa Rican Chrysomelidae. A numeric score is introduced to objectively describe confidence that a field observation of an interaction between a chrysomelid and a plant represents true herbivory. Literature host plant records, if they exist, are given for...

A list of identification guides is presented, including keys, descriptions, and other information, many with attached annotations. We have found these manuscripts useful in the determination of the freshwater macroinvertebrates of Florida. /// Es presentada una lista de guías de identificación que incluye claves, descripciones y otras informaciones...

The genus Hydrosmilodon is established for the species Thraulus primanus Eaton (recently placed in Traverella) from Central America and a new species from subtropical South America. The nymph of H. primanus is described for the first time, and the new species, H. saltensis, is described from northwestern Argentina based on male and female imagos an...

Data on species richness and diversity of aquatic insects are presented for 42 streams from four drainage areas in northwestern Panamá. 189 taxa were collected, many of which are undescribed species. Nearly 45% of the taxa were found in only one of the drainage areas. Diversities, as measured by alpha of the log series, and similarities, measured b...

Several specimens of an undescribed species of Baetodes from a single locality in Panama exhibit teratologies of secondary sexual characteristics. Seven specimens display the morphological characteristics of intersexes. One specimen, a male imago, displays a supernumerary clasper on the eighth abdominal segment. This homeotic manifestation of male...

The genus Hermanella Needham and Murphy is redescribed and two related genera, Hylister and Needhamella, are established. Hermanella is divided into two subgenera, Hermanella s.s. and Guayakia, n. subgen. Adults of Hermanella (G.) maculipennis (Ulmer), n. comb., and Needhamella ehrhardti (Ulmer), n. comb., and the nymph of Hermanella (H.) thelma Ne...

The nymph and female subimagines of Atopophlebia fortunensis are described for the first time and two new South American species, A. obrienorum and A. yarinacocha are described from male imagines. Nymphal morphology shows that Atopophlebia represents an evolutionary intermediate between the relatively plesiomorphic Pan‐Austral leptophlebiid fauna a...

Adults of Baetodes tritus, B. velmae and B. deflciens from Panama and eggs of & tritus and B. velmae are described and illustrated. Pseudocloeon arawak is transferred to Baetodes. Generic characters of Baetodes are discussed and additional nymphal characters are given.

Fluctuations in abundance of adult Ephemeroptera were analyzed from a year of daily light-trap collections made at Miramar, a relatively nonseasonal locality on the Atlantic coast of northwest Panama. Most taxa occurred year-round and some of these showed within-year fluctuations in abundance that may be seasonal. The species in the genus Leptohyph...

Heptagenia culacantha sp. nov. from the Susquehanna and Delaware river systems is described and illustrated. The large size, abdominal tubercles of the adult, and the color pattern and abdominal spines of the nymph distinguish this species from all other known Heptagenia.

Feeding responses of Manduca sexta larvae reared on artificial diet, a host plant (jimsonweed) and a non-host plant (cowpea) were tested with leaves of 4 selected non-host plants and compared. Larvae reared on diet and the host plant fed equally on collard, dandelion and cowpea while the diet-reared larvae found mullein more acceptable than did the...

Atopophlebia fortunensis, a new genus and species of the Leptophlebiidae is described from the mountains of western Panamá.

Nearctic Heptagenia is a polygeneric group consisting of true Heptagenia and a complex allied to Old World ecdyonurids. Nymphal mouthparts, adult eyes, genitalia and tarsi separate these ecdyonurids from true Heptagenia. The ecdyonurid complex is shown to consist of two new genera. One new genus is identical to Traver’s maculipennis group while the...

Detailed studies were made of the life cycles of Heptageniidae known to occur in Wisconsin. 19 species had univoltine cycles while two and possibly a third had bivoltine cycles. Three univoltine species developed in late spring and early summer while the other univoltine species developed in fall, winter and early spring. For three of the univoltin...

Los protocolos de biomonitoreo biológico representan una alternativa rápida y barata a las pruebas químicas para evaluar niveles de contaminación y calidad ambiental en agua corriente. Se usan para pruebas rápidas en números grandes de quebradas, para revisar condiciones en el largo plazo, como un aviso temprano de cambios rápidos de condiciones. T...

Thesis--North Carolina State University. Bibliography: leaves 50-53.