William Mario de Carvalho Nunes

• PhD Plant Protection
• Professor (Associate) - Senior Reseacher at State University of Maringá

When analyzing data in the vast majority of knowledge domains, it is common to encounter a high number of zeros. This is no different when working with data science in agriculture. When dealing with proportional data with a zero-inflation, a useful approach is to model the problem with Zero-Inflated Beta Regression (ZIBe). This allows for a statist...

Citriculture is one of the most important agricultural activities globally, with Brazil being one of the leading world producers. Thus, such activity is essential for the country's economy and the producers who depend on it. In this sense, the fight against Huanglongbing, one of the most devastating citrus diseases caused by vector insects, is esse...

O cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri é uma das doenças mais importantes da citricultura. O estudo das condições de isolamento e manutenção de isolados de X. citri subsp. citri, o conhecimento de sua exigência nutricional e escolha de um meio de cultura eficiente para seu desenvolvimento é imprescindível para poster...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de realizar um experimento participativo utilizando diferentes cores de armadilhas interceptadora de vôo do tipo Moericke, a fim de determinar quais são mais eficazes na relação entre pragas e inimigos naturais. O experimento foi conduzido na horta comunitária da Vila Esperança, em Maringá, com a colaboração de produ...

The present study aims to analyze, based on bibliographic sources, the possibility of using bumblebees (genus Bombus) in the pollination of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in vertical farms, as well as their advantages and costs. The work includes the definition of vertical farms and their structures, the description of tomato pollination m...

A Clorose variegada dos citros (CVC), é umas das principais doenças que incidem em pomares comerciais, seu agente causal é a bactéria Xylella fasdiosa, disseminada por cigarrinhas. O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e monitorar a dispersão de cigarrinhas vetores da Xylella fastidiosa, em áreas adjacentes de pomares comerciais em parceria com...

O site 'Sistema de Treinamento em Acuidade Visual' (SiTAV), foi projetado para melhorar a precisão e confiabilidade das estimativas dos avaliadores de severidades de doenças de plantas. Descrevemos os recursos tecnológicos e procedimentos utilizados para o desenvolvimento do sistema e validação demonstrando as melhorias na estimativa de severidade...

Para determinar a eficiência de extração de compostos com capacidade antioxidante em polpas de abacate, pitaia e uva, diferentes sistemas solventes e métodos de extração foram aplicados. Realizou-se a quantificação da atividade antioxidante e compostos fenólicos totais dos extratos. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método DPPH (2,2-dif...

The present study analyzed the data compiled after the training of the precision and visual accuracy of the evaluators of both genders in plant diseases, using the SiTAV (Visual Acuity Training System) website. The training data were analyzed through the exploratory analysis, with the aid of the statistical program SAS 9.4. With 52,495 training dat...

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aplicações em pré e pós-colheita de filtrado de cultura do fungo sapróbio Curvularia inaequalis (CUI) sobre a qualidade de uvas cultivar Isabel. Os cachos de uva foram pulverizados pré e pós-colheita com os seguintes tratamentos: 0, 1, 5, 10 e 20 mL L-1 do filtrado CUI, calda bordalesa e manco...

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do filtrado da cultura do fungo saprofítico Stachybotrys globosa no controle das doenças foliares míldio e mancha de Isariopsis da videira, na incidência e severidade do míldio em frutos de videira cv. Isabel, sob condições de campo, além de analisar as características físicas e físico-químicas dos...

O Huanglongbing (HLB) destaca-se como a doença mais significativa que afeta os cultivos de citros, sendo atribuível a três espécies distintas de α-proteobactérias do gênero Candidatus Liberibacter: Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. Liberibacter americanus (CLam) e Ca. Liberibacter africanus (CLaf). No Brasil, o principal vetor para a transmiss...

A citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro. No entanto, a produção de citros é constantemente ameaçada por doenças que causam grandes prejuízos econômicos. Uma das doenças é o cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), que afeta todas as variedades cítricas comerciais, não havendo métod...

Mais de uma centena de bactérias agentes de doenças de plantas estão reunidas no gênero Xanthomonas. Dentre as doenças que afetam culturas de expressão econômica, destaca-se o cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, e a estria bacteriana do milho, causada pela Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum. As bactérias fitopatog...

O milho é reconhecidamente uma das mais importantes culturas agrícolas. Uma das recentes preocupações para à cultura é a doença foliar, de fácil disseminação, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv), a estria bacteriana do milho. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de germinação e analisar o potencial de transmissão de...

Brazilian citrus culture became the world's largest producer of fruit since 2012. However, in all harvests it is noted that there are reports of production losses due to the attack of pathogens, among them, we highlight the citrus canker caused by the Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri bacterium. Among the various control methodologies, studying plant...

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) can be transmitted by several aphid species in a semi-persistent mode, with Toxoptera citricida being the most efficient vector. In Brazil, mild CTV isolates are used for pre-immunization of citrus trees against severe isolates. We aimed to determine the capacity and efficiency of T. citricida in separating the viral com...

Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri , is responsible for significant economic losses of citrus in Brazil and elsewhere. The disease occurs in all regions of commercial production of sweet orange ( C. sinensis L. Osbeck). Compared to chemical control, deploying canker-resistant cultivars is a viable and economical a...

Co-infection of plants by pathogens is common in nature, and the interaction of the pathogens can affect the infection outcome. There are diverse ways in which viruses and bacteria are transmitted from infected to healthy plants, but insects are common vectors. The present review aims to highlight key findings of studies evaluating the co-transmiss...

Charcoal rot is an economically important fungal disease of economically important crops. Several species of the Macrophomina genus, such as M. pseudophaseolina and M. euphorbiicola, may act as the causal agents of charcoal rot. The current study evaluates: a) the diversity of vegetative compatibility reactions in Brazilian isolates of M. pseudopha...

Standard area diagrams (SADs) are plant disease severity assessment aids demonstrated to improve the accuracy and reliability of visual estimates of severity. Knowledge of the sources of variation, including those specific to a lab such as raters, specific procedures followed including instruction, image analysis software, image viewing time, etc.,...

Aspergillus nidulans is a fungal model organism extensively used in genetic approaches. It may reproduce sexually and asexually, with a well‐defined parasexual cycle. The current paper demonstrates that the limitation of nitrogen source facilitates the production of A. nidulans’s nonmeiotic recombinants directly from heterokaryons, without the reco...

There are several techniques available for longitudinal data analysis. In the last decade, much emphasis has been placed on generalized mixed models. The present work is dedicated to give an overview of this technique, with emphasis on the formulation, interpretation and inference of the model. The guidelines are given for statistical practice in g...

Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of citrus. However, production is challenged due to biotic and abiotic factors limiting crop health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of water deficit in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Pera Bianchi inoculated with citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Two isolates of CTV were used, one cau...

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), is dependent on vector insects for its spread and infection of citrus hosts. The insects, leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) transmit the bacteria to healthy plants after feeding on infected plants. The objective of this study was to develop and compare meth...

Heterokaryosis is the association of genetically distinct nuclei in a common hyphal cytoplasm, and is a process involved in the generation of fungal variation. The fusion of the distinct nuclei within a heterokaryotic hypha produces a heterozygous diploid nucleus and is one of the stages of the parasexual cycle. A heterokaryon's viability depends o...

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) are phloem‐restricted and unculturable gram‐negative bacteria. Presently five haplotypes have been identified worldwide; but only haplotypes A and B are associated with the vector Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc.) in the Americas. Previous studies showed that Lso‐infection reduces B. cockerelli reproductive...

Guariroba is a palm species native to central Brazil. Seedlings of guariroba with leaf spots of unknown aetiology were found in Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The leaf spots were manifest as two different symptom types: the first lesion type consisted of necrotic spots with a rounded to elongate shape, with a light colour and dark edges; the...

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, which causes Asiatic citrus canker (ACC), is an important pathogen of citrus in Brazil and elsewhere. The genetic diversity of X. citri subsp. citri pathotype 'A' has not been studied in Brazil at a local scale (up to 300 km). Forty isolates were sampled from lesions of ACC on citrus in three orchards in Paraná state...

Data with excess zeros are frequently found in practice, and the recommended analysis is to use models that adequately address the counting of zero observations. In this study, the Zero Inflated Beta Regression Model (BeZI) was used on experimental data to describe the mean incidence of leaf citrus canker in orange groves under the influence of gen...

Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus. The use of resistant genotypes plays an important role in the management and control of the disease and is the most environmentally sustainable approach to disease control. Citrus canker incidence was recorded in an experiment on...

A clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) é uma doença de plantas cítricas, constatada, em 1987, inicialmente nos municípios do noroeste paulista e da região do triângulo mineiro. Ela é causada por uma bactéria de xilema, denominada Xylella fastidiosa. Sua disseminação ocorre através de borbulhas contaminadas ou por meio de insetos vetores da ordem Hemi...

Zero-inflated data from field experiments can be problematic, because these data require the use of specific statistical models during the analysis process. This study utilized the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model with the log- and logistic-link functions to describe the incidence of plants with Huanglongbing (HLB, caused by Candidatus...

Asiatic citrus canker (ACC, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Xcc) is a destructive disease of citrus in Brazil and in several other citrus-producing countries. ACC management is problematic, and bactericides such as copper can be reasonably efficacious, but do not completely control the disease. Furthermore, injury by citrus l...

Citrus genotypes show a broad range of resistance to infection with Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (Xcc), the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker (ACC). The aim of this study was to evaluate a detached leaf inoculation method to compare nine different citrus genotypes that exhibit varied resistance levels to ACC, and to evaluate infection, coloniz...

Abstract Asiatic citrus canker (ACC, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) is a destructive disease of citrus in Brazil and in several other citrus-producing countries. ACC management is problematic, and bactericides such as copper can be reasonably efficacious but do not completely control the disease. Furthermore, injury by citr...

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar genótipos cítricos com diferentes níveis de resistência ao cancro cítrico por inoculação de folhas destacadas. Um total de nove acessos de diferentes espécies cítricas foram investigados por inoculação com agulhas em folhas destacadas. Após a coleta e desinfecção das folhas, foram inoculadas por perfuração...

RESUMO: Responsável por ocasionar perdas de até 30% da produtividade, o raquitismo-da-soqueira causado pela bactéria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, é uma das doenças mais importantes para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar dois métodos de extração de DNA da bactéria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli afim de formular uma respo...

RESUMO: Uma das mais importantes doenças que ocorrem em citros é o cancro cítrico, afetando quase todas as variedades comerciais. A doença, causada pela bactéria Xanthomomas citri subsp. citri, provoca extensos danos à cultura e, a severidade da infecção varia de acordo com as diferentes espécies bacterianas e com as condições climáticas prevalente...

RESUMO: A análise exploratória realizada com o auxílio do programa estatístico SAS 9.4, aplicada sobre os dados de treinamento da precisão e acurácia dos avaliadores na mensuração das lesões de doenças de plantas, durante a utilização do website Sistemas de Treinamentos em Acuidade Visual (SiTAV), identificou um total de 52.495 dados de treinamento...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered one of the most destructive diseases of citrus as the plants rapidly become unproductive, enter a decline and eventually die. HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal variation of the in planta population of ‘Ca. Liberibacter a...

A limpeza clonal seguida de pré-imunização com complexos protetivos do Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) possibilitaram o cultivo comercial da laranja Pêra, variedade de relevante importância para a citricultura brasileira, mas sensível ao vírus. O emprego de isolados fracos protetivos em outras variedades de citros, mesmo com maior tolerância ao CTV, po...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating citrus diseases worldwide, affecting all species of Citrus. Early characteristics of infected trees are individual branches with yellowish leaves, followed eventually by tree decline and death. The objective of this study was to examine seasonal dynamics of within-tree accumulation of 'Candidatus L...

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker, is a pathogen difficult to control. Excessive use of pesticides has caused environmental contamination and has resulted in the selection of resistant strains of many pathogens, so the search for alternative control methods is of great importance. Several essential oils have shown ba...

The use of resistant genotypes is the best way to control citrus canker, caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri susbp. citri. Genotypes can be screened for resistance to the pathogen and germplasm found to have adequate resistance can either be incorporated into breeding programs or used directly for commercial plantings. Indeed...

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is seriously threatening and/or damaging the citrus industry worldwide. Accurate detection of the three species associated with HBL disease: ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Ca. L. africanus’ or ‘Ca. L. americanus’ is essential for the preventive control of the disease. Real-time PCR is a useful tool for bacterial d...

Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The disease results in yield loss and renders fruit unfit for the fresh market. A 6-year study in Paraná State, Brazil, was conducted to compare the susceptibility of 186 genotypes of citrus representing sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco)...

The citrus blackfly Aleroucanthus woglumi Ashby, (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae) is an important pest that occurs in citrus groves, native to south-east Asia. In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, this is a quarantine pest (A2) under official control IN 52, 2007 (MAPA) and is not widespread in the country. The insect can infest more than 300...

The citrus blackfly Aleroucanthus woglumi Ashby, (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae) is an important pest that occurs in citrus groves, native to south-east Asia. In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, this is a quarantine pest (A2) under official control IN 52, 2007 (MAPA) and is not widespread in the country. The insect can infest more than 300...

Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) is an important disease of citrus in Brazil and elsewhere in the world. Infection with the causal pathogen, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, can cause severe disease on the fruit. Visual estimation of severity is the usual method used to quantify ACC on diseased fruit. The objective of this research was to construct and v...

Resumo-O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência das técnicas de " enzyme linked immunosorbent assay " (ELISA) e imunocaptura seguida da reação da polimerase em cadeia (IC-RT-PCR) na determinação do tempo necessário para que a infecção sistêmica pelo Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) possa ser detectada nas condições naturais de campo. Plantas a...

Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) is a major disease of citrus in many tropical and subtropical citrus-growing regions. Severe disease can develop on the fruit, making it unmarketable. Research activities need accurate and reliable methods to estimate the severity of citrus canker, most often done visually by raters. The objective was to validate and com...

Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. (bitter coconut), a palm tree species that is native to central Brazil, has been increasingly cultivated in this country for heart-of-palm production. Epidemics of a necrotic leaf spot of unknown etiology have been recorded on bitter coconut plants in transplant nurseries and plantation since 2008. The first symptoms...

Citrus root rot is considered a disease of great importance to citriculture in Brazil and around the world. The etiology of this disease comprises a complex of Phytophthora species. Although citrus root rot is important, little is known about it in the producing regions of Paraná State, Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to identify Phytophthora s...

Identification of cultivars with certain levels of resistance to citrus canker and desirable agronomic and commercial features is of great importance for the management of this disease. Evaluation of promising genotypes can be performed under controlled conditions or in the field. This study aimed to evaluate genotypes of sweet orange (Citrus sinen...

Identification of cultivars with certain levels of resistance to citrus canker and desirable agronomic and commercial features is of great importance for the management of this disease. Evaluation of promising genotypes can be performed under controlled conditions or in the field. This study aimed to evaluate genotypes of sweet orange (Citrus sinen...

Citrus root rot is considered a disease of great importance to citriculture in Brazil and around the world. The etiology of this disease comprises a complex of Phytophthora species. Although citrus root rot is important, little is known about it in the producing regions of Paraná State, Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to identify Phytophthora s...

Anais Eletrônico VIII EPCC –Encontro Internacional de Produção Científica UNICESUMAR – Centro Universitário Cesumar Editora CESUMAR Maringá – Paraná – Brasil ABSTRACT: Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the causal agent of devastating epidemics that changed the course of the citrus industry. CTV are composed of two capsid proteins and a single-stranded...

The use of tolerant rootstocks and preimmunization has satisfactorily controlled losses associated with the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Several researchers have shown that CTV mild isolates that are selected in the same region where they are used are superior to isolates obtained from other areas. Thus, budwoods of 20 outstanding citrus trees were...

The use of tolerant rootstocks and preimmunization has satisfactorily controlled losses associated with the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Several researchers have shown that CTV mild isolates that are selected in the same region where they are used are superior to isolates obtained from other areas. Thus, budwoods of 20 outstanding citrus trees were...

Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), causal agent of Citrus tristeza, is a Closterovirus that exist as a complex of isolates that differ in their biological and immunological properties and induces various symptoms. Multiple inoculations of the virus by the aphid vector and the moving of the infected material with severe isolates among citrus regions favor...

Plants of Pera sweet orange on Rangpur lime rootstocks, from orchards of the northwest and north of Paraná state, Brazil, were evaluated for severity of symptoms and genetic diversity of Citrus tristeza virus. The severity of symptoms was evaluated by the development of tree, fruit size and stem pitting symptoms. Isolates that infect these plants w...

Plants of Pera sweet orange on Rangpur lime rootstocks, from orchards of the northwest and north of Parana state, Brazil, were evaluated for severity of symptoms and genetic diversity of Citrus tristeza virus. The severity of symptoms was evaluated by the development of tree, fruit size and stem pitting symptoms. Isolates that infect these plants w...

Huanglongbing (HLB) tem apresentado destaque e importância por ser considerada uma das mais devastadoras doenças da citricultura. Os sintomas caracterizam-se principalmente por ramos com folhas apresentando coloração amarelada, normalmente isolados na planta. As folhas apresentam-se com aparência mosqueada, de coloração alternada entre tons de verd...

A citricultura brasileira apresenta alto custo de produção, sendo os maiores investimentos empregados no controle de pragas e doenças. Dentre essas doenças encontra-se huanglongbing (HLB). O agente causal dessa doença severa é uma bactéria com crescimento limitado ao floema, denominada 'Candidatus Liberibacter' spp, que causa prejuízos severos à ci...

Aiming to evaluate the performance of different clones of Pêra sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Pêra) constituting Paraná's orchards, in relation to different pathogens, leading to the installation of an experimental orchard in northern region. This study evaluated clones performance of Pêra Vacinada and Pêra Bianchi sweet oranges, in relat...

In Brazil, the production of sweet oranges has been threatened by the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) incited by the gram-negative bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells). Commercial citrus groves in two counties at the Northwestern Paraná state were evaluated to estimate the disease progression by using parameterizations of nonlinear models. Groves...

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is the disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa Wells. Dissemination occurs through insect vectors belonging to the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae (subfamily Cicadellinae), which transmit the bacteria after feeding on infected plants. The objective of this study was to identify the species of insect...

The objective of this work was to monitor the maintenance of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) protective isolates stability in selected clones of 'Pera' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), preimmunized or naturally infected by the virus, after successive clonal propagations. The work was carried out in field conditions in the north of Parana State, Brazil....

The aim of the present study was to assess the population flutuation of the sharpshooters species subfamily Cicadellinae belonging to the tribes Cicadellini and Proconiini, in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis( L). Osbeck] commercial orchards of the northwest region of Paraná State , Brazil. Samplings were carried out the employing every time 24 yellow...

The aim of the present study was to assess the population flutuation of the sharpshooters species subfamily Cicadellinae belonging to the tribes Cicadellini and Proconiini, in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis(L). Osbeck] commercial orchards of the northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil. Samplings were carried out the employing every time 24 yellow s...

O experimento teve como objetivo caracterizar biológica e molecularmente os isolados de CTV, obtidos de árvores de laranja Pêra em pomares das regiões Norte e Noroeste do Paraná, visando selecionar isolados fracos do Citrus tristeza virus com capacidade protetiva para pré-imunização. Os resultados apontaram sintomas fracos a moderados de caneluras...

A cross-protection program citrus tristeza disease, caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been developed in the Parana State, to obtain Pera orange mother plants. Thus, 20 plants were selected in the orange commercial fields of the North and Northwest region. Comparisons between mild and severe recognized isolates were made. The results showed...

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar 11 isolados de Guignardia citricarpa, agente causal da mancha preta dos citros (MPC), obtidos de frutas cítricas sintomáticas de diferentes regiões geográficas, por meio da PCR e caracterização morfofisiológica das estruturas propagativas, esporulação e crescimento micelial em diferentes meios de c...

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar 11 isolados de Guignardia citricarpa, agente causal da mancha preta dos citros (MPC), obtidos de frutas cítricas sintomáticas de diferentes regiões geográficas, por meio da PCR e caracterização morfofisiológica das estruturas propagativas, esporulação e crescimento micelial emdiferentes meios de cu...

The sharpshooters of the families Cicadellidae and Cercopidae are vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells), which causes citrus variegated chlorosis. This disease causes severe damage to the Paraná citrus industry, and it has been studied in Brazil since 1987, when it was discovered for the first time in the area of Colina, SP. The vectors transmit X....

A simple, quick and easy protocol was standardized for extraction of total DNA of the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. The DNA obtained by this method had high quality and the quantity was enough for the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reactions with random primers, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with primers of the hypers...

Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar a relacao entre a avaliacao da incidencia da clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) e de Xylella fastidiosa por meio da sintomatologia e serologia (DIBA – Dot immunobinding assay), para estudos de focos. As avaliacoes foram realizadas em pomar comercial de laranja Pera, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, enxertada sobre...

Objetivou-se investigar o que alunos da etapa final da educação básica sabem sobre transgênicos e quais suas opiniões sobre as aplicações e implicações desta biotecnologia. A investigação foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a cem alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de três escolas estaduais da região Noroeste do Paraná. Para analisar qua...

RESUMO. As cigarrinhas das famílias Cicadellidae e Cercopidae são vetores da bactéria Xylella fastidiosa Wells, causadora da Clorose variegada dos citros. Esta doença traz sérios prejuízos à lavoura de citros no Noroeste Paranaense, e é estudada no Brasil desde 1987, quando foi descoberta pela primeira vez na região de Colina, São Paulo. Os vetores...

Resumo: Objetivou-se investigar o que alunos da etapa final da educação básica sabem sobre transgênicos e quais suas opiniões sobre as aplicações e implicações desta biotecnologia. A investigação foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a cem alunos do 3 o ano do Ensino Médio de três escolas estaduais da região Noroeste do Paraná. Para ana...