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January 2014 - December 2014
Publications
Publications (612)
The Mad Gap Yards ultramafic lamprophyre (UML) dykes in the East Kimberley region of northern Western Australia form part of a widespread Neoproterozoic (~ 842–800 Ma) alkaline mafic–ultramafic magmatic province in the north, east and central regions of the Kimberley Craton of Western Australia. The NE-trending Mad Gap Yards dykes lie at the southe...
Most continental arcs are built up over a long time (≥100 myr), and while subduction may be ongoing throughout this interval, magmatism appears to be highly episodic. This episodic behaviour is characterized by high-flux magmatic events but an overall low rate of magmatism. The causes of high-flux magmatic events ("flare-ups") are enigmatic in many...
Decompressional melting of asthenosphere under spreading centers has been accepted to produce oceanic lithospheric mantle with vertical compositional variations, but these gradients are much smaller than those observed from ophiolites, which clearly require additional causes. Here we conduct high-density sampling and whole-rock and mineral analyses...
Mantle xenoliths from Santo Domingo, Ventura-Espíritu Santo and Durango volcanic fields (Mesa Central in Mexico) experienced low degrees of partial melting in the stability fields of garnet (⁓ 2%) and spinel peridotites (⁓ 2–4%), and interacted with hydrous alkaline melts possibly during the Basin and Range extensional tectonism since Late Oligocen...
Australia hosts some of Earth's oldest regolith. They were preserved through geological time thanks to exceptionally low erosion rates affecting large parts of this continent. Accurate chronological constraints about their formation and evolution are abundant in its northern and western regions, but they remain underexplored in its southern and eas...
The lithosphere provides a reservoir for ore-forming elements introduced by repeated fertilisation during asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction by the slab subduction. Here we use the Gangdese copper metallogenic belt to show how mineralogical study can help to interpret these mantle signatures. We present insights into the in-situ geochronological...
We present the first global review on the SmNd and LuHf isotope systematics of the mantle; it includes all published data on peridotites and pyroxenites from all tectonic settings (>1100 combined HfNd analyses), as well as previous compilations for oceanic basalts and material such as oceanic and continental sediments. We first provide a comprehens...
Xenolithic corundum aggregates in Cretaceous mafic pyroclastics from Mount Carmel contain pockets of silicate melts with mineral assemblages [SiC (moissanite), TiC, Ti2O3 (tistarite), Fe-Ti-Zr silicides/phosphides] indicative of magmatic temperatures and oxygen fugacity (fO2) at least 6 log units below the iron-wüstite buffer (ΔIW ≤ –6). Microstruc...
In-situ analysis of minerals, such as zircon hafnium (Hf) and oxygen (O) isotopes, has been pivotal in investigating magmatic evolution and related ore systems. In order to better constrain the petrogenesis of Cu-porphyries and related ore-forming processes in southern Tibet, we used a combined application of both zircon by HfO isotopes and apatite...
The thermochemical structure of the subcontinental mantle holds information on its origin and evolution that can inform energy and mineral exploration strategies, natural hazard mitigation and evolutionary models of Earth. However, imaging the fine-scale thermochemical structure of continental lithosphere remains a major challenge. Here we combine...
Geochronological and geochemical data show that Late Cretaceous Zagros ophiolites were generated by forearc seafloor spreading during a subduction initiation event along the southwestern margin of Iran. These ophiolites define a ~ 3000 km long belt passing from Cyprus to Turkey, Syria, Iran, the UAE, and Oman. Ten samples of plagiogranites, amphibo...
Earth’s carbon cycle is strongly influenced by subduction of sedimentary material into the mantle. The composition of the sedimentary subduction flux has changed considerably over Earth’s history, but the impact of these changes on the mantle carbon cycle is unclear. Here, we show that the carbon isotopes of kimberlite magmas record a fundamental c...
The tectonic history of southern Africa includes Archean craton formation, multiple episodes of subduction and rifting and some of the world's most significant magmatic events. These processes left behind a compositional trail that can be observed in xenoliths and measured by geophysical methods. The abundance of kimberlites in southern Africa make...
We report Zn-isotope compositions of garnet, clinopyroxene, and whole rocks for 14 Type I and 10 Type II eclogites from the Roberts Victor kimberlite (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa) that were previously analyzed for Mg-O isotopes. Type II eclogites are the protoliths of the highly metasomatized Type I. Garnet and clinopyroxene in Type II eclogites...
A suite of mantle-derived xenoliths and xenocrysts in Cretaceous volcanic rocks from Mount Carmel, North Israel has been investigated to establish the regional paleo-geotherm and constrain the evolution of the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. Garnet pyroxenite xenoliths can be subdivided into low-MgO (MgO < 15%) and high-MgO (MgO > 15%) types....
Despite diverse geochronological-geochemical studies on Cenozoic igneous rocks from the SE segment of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt (UDMB) of Iran, the nature of the Oligocene magmatic rocks from the farthermost end of the SE segment- where it is linked to the Makran magmatic belt- has been ignored due to the difficulty of access. In this study...
Continental-arc igneous rock compositions change in response to the transition from subduction to collision and these changes can reveal how the crust, lithosphere and magma sources evolved. Neotethys-related Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene subduction- and collision-related magmatic rocks from the ~350 km long southeast Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt...
The geochemical compositions of minerals from the Moho transition zone of ophiolites potentially can help to understand the magmatic evolution of the ophiolites, and subsequent mantle-melt interactions. The Jurassic-Late Cretaceous Makran ophiolite of south Iran comprises one of the most extensive tracts of oceanic crust which were scraped off and...
Oxygen isotope ratios in mantle-derived magmas that differ from typical mantle values are generally attributed to crustal contamination, deeply subducted crustal material in the mantle source or primordial heterogeneities. Here we provide an alternative view for the origin of light oxygen-isotope signatures in mantle-derived magmas using kimberlite...
In this short communication, we present preliminary data on the Re-Os isotopic systematics of platinum-group minerals (PGM) recovered from different horizons in the Falcondo Ni-laterite in the Dominican Republic. The results show differences in the Os-isotope composition in different populations of PGM: (i) pre-lateritic PGM yield 187Os/188Os varyi...
Xenocrysts and xenoliths in Upper Cretaceous pyroclastics on Mount Carmel (northern Israel) represent a series of similar magma-fluid systems at different stages of their evolution, recording a continuous decrease in oxygen fugacity (fO2) as crystallization proceeded.
Corundum coexisting with Fe-Mg-Cr-Al spinels, other Fe-Mg-Al-Na oxides, and Fe-Ni...
Collision-related porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) are restricted to previous magmatic arcs, in which sulfide-rich lower crust occurred. Fertile adakite-like porphyries associated with PCDs have higher K2O contents and K2O/Na2O ratios than barren porphyries emplaced in the same arc. The elevated K2O/Na2O ratios of fertile porphyries reflect substantial...
Titanium oxynitrides (Ti(N,O,C)) are abundant in xenolithic corundum aggregates in py-roclastic ejecta of Cretaceous volcanoes on Mount Carmel, northern Israel. Petrographic observations indicate that most of these nitrides existed as melts, immiscible with coexisting silicate and Fe-TiC silicide melts; some nitrides may also have crystallized dire...
Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes, integrated with bulk-rock major, trace element and isotopic compositions of amphibolites from the Makran ophiolitic mélange complex (OMC) carry implications on the evolution of the Neotethys Ocean. Field and petrographical-geochemical data confirm these amphibolites as products of the metamorphism of a basaltic protolith. Z...
Plain Language Summary
Measuring the composition of the Earth’s mantle is important for understanding mantle processes like plate tectonics, but is surprisingly difficult. Our most accurate information comes from mantle rocks, called xenoliths, that have been brought to the surface during volcanic eruptions. However, these rocks only come from a ha...
Silicate melt inclusions (SMI) containing several daughter minerals, residual glass, and a CO 2 bubble were analyzed to constrain the composition and evolution of the metasomatic melt present in the upper mantle beneath the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (NGVF), northern Hungary to southern Slovakia. The SMI were analyzed with a combination of Raman s...
An intensive study of the geochemical characteristics (including the volatile elements Cl and S) of apatite associated with porphyry deposits was undertaken to address the debate about the crust-or mantle-derivation of their copper and gold, and to understand better, the controls on the transport of metals in magmatic fluids in post-subduction sett...
Silicate melt inclusions (SMI) containing several daughter minerals, residual glass, and a CO2 bubble were analyzed to constrain the composition and evolution of the metasomatic melt present in the upper mantle beneath the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (NGVF), northern Hungary to southern Slovakia. The SMI were analyzed with a combination of Raman sp...
Intraplate small‐volume mafic magmatism is spatially and temporally widespread in central and eastern Asia, but the relevant melting dynamics have remained enigmatic. Here, we report Ar‐Ar ages, mineral and whole‐rock compositions on newly found ∼81 Ma lamprophyre dykes from central Asia, aiming to constrain the source characteristics and the melti...
Controversies on the origin of zircon, corundum, titanomagnetite, and quartz megacrysts in alkali basalts mostly reflect the lack of direct evidence of a “melt reservoir” required for their formation. Various mineral megacrysts are carried up by Cenozoic (mostly younger than 25 Ma) alkali basalts that extend more than 4000 km along eastern China. H...
Ore systems are located in zones of enhanced and focused heat and fluids flux within the lithosphere. In order to target deep ore deposits under cover, a better understanding of lithospheric architecture is essential, especially in relation to magmatism and fluids. Here we attempt an integrated approach using zircon Lu-Hf isotopic mapping (455 samp...
Understanding the formation, preservation and destruction of continental lithosphere in the paradigm of plate tectonics remains one of the “holy grails” of solid Earth Science. It is well recognized that the eastern North China Craton (NCC) experienced Mesozoic replacement of thick, ancient and refractory lithospheric mantle by a thin and fertile o...
The Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) is a major Paleoproterozoic collisional orogen exposed within the North China Craton (NCC). The orogen has undergone a complex tectonic evolution, but its role in the growth of continental crust is contentious. High-grade metamorphic rocks may carry key information required to clarify these issues. Here, using pe...
In the Trinity ophiolite, California, USA, several mafic-ultramafic plutons intruded a peridotitic host 435 to 405 m.y. ago in a tectonic setting interpreted as an arc-related spreading centre. One of these intrusions, in the Bear Creek area, exposes basal ultramafic cumulates with igneous layering comprising an alternation of uncommonly thin (down...
Aggregates of corundum crystals with skeletal to hopper morphology occur in pyroclastic rocks erupted from Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes on Mt Carmel, N. Israel. The rapid growth of the crystals trapped volumes of the parental Al 2 O 3 -supersaturated melt; phenocrysts of tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ) in the trapped melts indicate crystallization at oxygen...
Harzburgite-dunite associations in the Yushigou ophiolitic complex (North Qilian suture, NW China) offer insights into melt migration and melt-rock interaction above a subduction zone. Based on detailed petrographic and in situ analyses, we propose a three-stage model to describe the history of melt channel formation in oceanic arc mantle. In the f...
The Machangqing porphyry Cu-Au deposit is located in the Sangjiang region, Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan metallogenic belt, southeastern Tibet. It has three main phases of felsic-mafic intrusions: barren granites, ore-forming porphyry intrusions, and mafic lamprophyres. U-Pb zircon dating shows that these intrusions were emplaced over a period of ~3 m.y.,...
Much of the crust of Iran and Anatolia, including their oldest exposed rocks, formed during an episode of intense convergent margin (arc) magmatism as a result of subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath northern Gondwana from ca 620 Ma to ca 500 Ma, the Cadomian crust-forming event. Most igneous rocks formed between ca 570 and 525 Ma. Cadomian cr...
Here, we describe two new minerals, kishonite (VH2) and oreillyite (Cr2N), found in xenoliths occurring in pyroclastic ejecta of small Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes exposed on Mount Carmel, Northern Israel. Kishonite was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and was found to be cubic, space group Fm3¯m, with a = 4.2680(10) Å, V = 77.75(3) Å3,...
The metasomatised continental mantle may play a key role in the generation of some ore deposits, in particular mineral systems enriched in platinum-group elements (PGE) and Au. The cratonic lithosphere is the longest-lived potential source for these elements, but the processes that facilitate their pre-concentration in the mantle and their later re...
Titanium diboride (TiB2) is a minor but common phase in melt pockets trapped in the corundum aggregates that occur as xenoliths in Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes on Mt. Carmel, north Israel. These melt pockets show extensive textural evidence of immiscibility between metallic (Fe-Ti-C-Si) melts, Ca-Al-Mg-Si-O melts, and Ti-(oxy)nitride melts. The me...
The osmium‐isotope mismatch commonly reported between mid‐ocean‐ridge basalts (MORBs) and residual mantle might reflect evolution of the MORB Re‐Os system after extraction from the asthenosphere, or preferential contribution of radiogenic Os components from mantle. However, in a MOR system, the role of dunite melt channels from the upper mantle and...
The ultramafic-mafic Talnakh intrusion in the Norilsk province (Russia) hosts one of the world’s major platinum group element (PGE)-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. This study employed a multitechnique approach, including in situ Hf-O isotope analyses of zircon combined with whole-rock Nd isotope data, in order to gain new insights into genesis of the Talna...
Petrological and geochemical studies have revealed the contribution of garnet pyroxenites in basalt petrogenesis. However, whether primary mantle melts are produced with such signature or acquired it subsequently remains somewhat controversial. We here integrate new major-, trace-element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of garnet pyroxenite xenol...
Saindak is one of the typical porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) in the Chagai magmatic arc in Pakistan. Ore-forming porphyries at Saindak PCD are mainly composed of tonalite. Here, we use geochemistry of apatite enclosed in plagioclase phenocrysts from the ore-forming tonalite to constrain the releasing and recharging processes of S and Cl in the underly...
Geological evidence supports a significant change in Earth’s behaviour in the mid- to late Archaean, between 3.2 and 2.5 Ga, reflecting stabilization of the lithosphere and
replacement of vertical tectonics by linear imbricated belts. At the heart of this change, the oldest (c. 2.75 Ga) Iron-Oxide-Copper-Gold deposits (IOCG) were formed in the Car...
Laser ablation MC-ICP-MS was used to measure the Os-isotope compositions of single sulfide grains, including laurite (RuS2) and pentlandite [(Fe,Ni)9S8], from two chromitite bodies and host lherzolites from ophiolites of North Andaman (Indo-Burma-Sumatra subduction zone). The results show isotopic heterogeneity in both laurite (n = 24) and pentland...
New geochronological and geochemical data for Late Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic intrusive rocks from NW Iran define major regional magmatic episodes and track the birth and growth of one of the Cimmerian microcontinents: the Persian block.
After the final accretion of the Gondwanan terranes, the subduction of the Prototethyan Ocean beneath NW Gondwan...
Transformation of refractory cratonic mantle into more fertile lithologies is the key to the fate of cratonic lithosphere. This process has been extensively studied in the eastern North China Craton (NCC) while that of its western part is still poorly constrained. A comprehensive study of newly-found pyroxenite xenoliths from the Langshan area, in...
Whether hydrogen incorporated in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals plays a role in the strength and longevity of the thick cratonic lithosphere is a matter of debate. In particular, the percolation of hydrogen-bearing melts and fluids could potentially add hydrogen to the mantle lithosphere, weaken its olivines (the dominant mineral in mantle per...
Cadomian calc-alkaline I-type and within-plate A-type igneous rocks are widespread in the crust of Iran where they are ascribed to a convergent margin associated with the southward subduction of Prototethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath N Gondwana. These rocks are found as unmetamorphosed magmatic rocks and their metamorphic equivalents (mafic to fe...
The Yunzhug ophiolite, in the middle sector of the Shiquanhe-Namco ophiolite belt (SNOB), has generally been interpreted as a remnant of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, composed of mantle peridotites and mafic-ultramafic magmatic rocks. However, detailed study reveals that the mantle parts are ultra-depleted peridotites with affinities to subc...
The occurrence of moissanite (SiC), as xenocrysts in mantle-derived basaltic and kimberlitic rocks sheds light on the interplay between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the lithospheric and sublithospheric mantle. SiC is stable only at ƒO2 <ΔIW-6, while the lithospheric mantle and related melts commonly are considered to be much more oxidized. SiC gr...
Quantifying the compositional evolution of mantle-derived melts from source to surface is fundamental for constraining the nature of primary melts and deep Earth composition. Despite abundant evidence for interaction between carbonate-rich melts, including diamondiferous kimberlites, and mantle wall rocks en route to surface, the effects of this in...
Primary carbonates in kimberlites are the main CO2 carriers in kimberlites and thus can be used to constrain the original carbon and oxygen-isotope composition of kimberlite melts and their deep mantle sources. However, the contribution of syn- and post-emplacement processes to the modification of the C–O-isotope composition of kimberlites is yet t...
We have used U-Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopic compositions for detrital zircons from Eocene and Cretaceous-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Makran accretionary complex (MAC, Iran) to understand the source and growth of the MAC during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. The Cenozoic sandstones reveal the main age distribution from Paleocene to Eocene with...