William Downs

• University of Northern Iowa

To examine the mediating effect of family structure in the relationship between paternal Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and maternal child maltreatment. The method was quantitative analysis of secondary data. Changes in family structure fully mediated the relationship between IPV victimization and maternal child physical abuse (D = .069) and parti...

Two incidents of partner violence are investigated using qualitative methodology to discover strategies women use to protect themselves and examine women's use of violence. Data were collected from 447 women (age 18 or older) from 7 domestic violence programs and 5 substance use disorder treatment programs in a midwestern state. Women were found to...

We used the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (M. A. Straus, S. L. Hamby, D. Finkelhor, D. W. Moore, & D. Runyan, 1998) to assess retrospectively women’s childhood experiences of both mother and father physical abuse and psychological aggression, and assessed mother and father alcohol problems based on criteria derived from the Family History Re...

We collected data from 447 women (aged 18 or higher) from seven domestic violence programs and five substance use disorder treatment programs in a midwestern state. Women who reported a nonabusive natural/adoptive father or stepfather (N = 185), abusive natural/adoptive father or stepfather (N = 200), or absent father figure (N = 40) were compared...

The objective of this study is to examine the associations between mother physical abuse, mother psychological aggression, father physical abuse and father psychological aggression and women's alcohol dependence while controlling for several demographic variables, childhood sexual abuse and mother and father alcohol problems. Samples of women in tr...

Research indicates that many forms of violence are prevalent in women's lives. Both physical and psychological violence can occur from perpetrators who are strangers, acquaintances, family members, or partners. These experiences exist throughout women's lives. They never outgrow their concerns, fears, and the need to cope with violence. Thus, fear...

Data were collected from 472 women between the ages of 18 and 45 drawn from five sources: outpatient alcoholism treatment, DWI education programs, a shelter for battered women, outpatient mental health treatment, and randomly from the community. To control for alcohol problems and help-seeking behavior, respondents were classified into three groups...

The interrelationships between experience of parental verbal aggression and physical violence during childhood and the development of low self-esteem during adulthood were explored separately for the father-daughter and mother-daughter relationships. Data were collected from 472 women between the ages of 18 and 45 during in-depth interviews drawn f...

This paper examines the risk of developing problems in adolescence and adulthood, particularly those associated with substance use, as a consequence of experiencing physical or sexual abuse during childhood. We review both retrospective and prospective research, conducted with both adolescent and adult respondents. Although there are some marked di...

This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the interrelationship between the cycle of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use and the cycle of violence. This issue is framed in terms of two questions. The first is the extent to which AOD use by the perpetrator is related to the perpetration of violence toward children, defined here as...

The available literature indicates that: (a) experiences of childhood violence are associated with mediator variables, including antisocial behaviors and depressive symptomatology, that are themselves associated with development of alcohol problems and perpetration of partner violence for men in adulthood; (b) experiences of childhood violence and,...

This paper presents a modified version of the Enright et al. (1991) forgiveness intervention model for familv psychotherapists to use with parent survivors of adolescent suicide. This model consists of 17 units designed to increase survivors' awareness of the injury due to their child's suicide, cope with the injury, and heal the injury. Preliminar...

Empirical evidence regarding the role of childhood victimization in the development of women's alcohol problems is examined in this chapter. In particular, childhood sexual abuse and father-to-daughter violence are found to predict later alcohol problems. Key variables that link experiences of childhood victimization and the development of adult al...

The interrelationships between experiences of childhood victimization and the development of women's alcohol-related problems are explored. Two different forms of childhood victimization are examined: (1) parent-to-child violence and (2) childhood sexual abuse (familial and nonfamilial). Data were collected from 472 women between the ages of 18 and...

Childhood sexual abuse has numerous negative effects for the victim. The severity and specific form of these effects vary across individual victims and within individuals over time. The timing of the impact of childhood sexual abuse on the victim's course of psychosocial development is considered as a source of this variation. First, the variation...

This paper compared a sample of women in treatment for alcoholism (N = 45) with a randomly selected sample of women from the local community (N = 40), and a sample of women receiving services for victimization by severe partner violence (N = 38). Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) items were dichotomized into low frequency of partner violence (twice per...

Examined the relationship between violence and alcohol problems in women. Interviews were conducted with 472 women (aged 18–45 yrs) from 5 sources: outpatient alcoholism treatment programs (OATPs), drinking and driving classes (DDCs), shelters and support groups for women who have experienced partner violence, outpatient mental health centers, and...

The relationships between experiences of parental violence during childhood and the development of victimization by severe violence from partner or alcohol-related problems in adulthood were examined by comparing women with partner victimization only ( N = 69), alcohol-related problems only ( N = 59), both partner victimization and alcohol-related...

The role of social support in moderating the impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult psychological adjustment was examined. Subjects included 475 women, age 18-45, some of whom were currently receiving treatment, others who were not. Women in the treatment group were receiving therapy for either alcoholism, for being battered, or for mental healt...

This study included a clinical sample (N = 127) and a stratified random sample (N = 114) of adolescents (ages 13-17). Multiple regression was performed with delinquency as the dependent variable and family dynamics, parental alcohol use, and type of sample as the independent variables. Interaction terms were constructed by multiplying each regresso...

This study combined a treatment sample (n = 127) and a control sample (n = 114) of adolescents (ages 13-17) to investigate the relationship between adolescent peer groups and incidence of psychosocial problems. A content analysis resulted in four separate types of peer groups. The group with the lowest level of involvement in school activities was...

This research used logit analysis on a sample of adolescents referred for alcohol and other drug abuse treatment (N = 127, 72 males) and a randomly selected comparison group sample (N = 101, 51 males) of adolescents to test whether certain status characteristics increase the likelihood of referral to the treatment program. Results indicated that tw...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between spousal violence and women's alcoholism problems. This study compares two samples: (1) 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups and (2) 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from households. Two-hour interview schedules were administe...

The interrelationships of delinquent activities and their consequences on the development of alcoholism in women were examined. Interview data were analyzed from a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups and 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population to form the co...

A panel design with approximately 300 adolescents was employed to investigate the relationship between parental rejection and delinquency. Previous studies have failed to control for potentially confounding family factors and have ignored the possibility that the causal priority is from delinquency to parental rejection, rather than the reverse. Pa...

The effects of childhood sexual abuse on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with a group of 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population. Face-to-face interview schedules were administered to bo...

The effects of childhood experiences of parental violence on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from the population. Two-hour person-to-person interview schedules were admi...

This article uses panel data and multiple regression of follow-up on baseline variables to test direction of causality among drug use behavior, informal labels, and formal labels. Baseline and follow-up data were collected on a random sample of 100 adolescents (54 males) and a clinical sample of 88 adolescents (49 males). Separate regressions were...

This paper uses longitudinal data and multiple regression of follow-up data on baseline data to identify direction of causality among adolescent alcohol use, normative structure toward alcohol, and peer alcohol use. Baseline and follow-up data were collected on a random sample of 100 adolescents (54 males). Separate regressions were performed on ma...

Emphasizing the importance of the social work perspective in research, the authors present a two-dimensional conceptual model of a range of social work educational programs by educational goal. The model frames the directions and approaches of the social work research sequence. Based on this model, the authors discuss the linkage roles of the socia...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 298-307). Microfiche.