Wilco Burghout

• PhD
• Managing Director at KTH Royal Institute of Technology

On-board crowding in public transportation has significant impact on passengers' travel experience. New land-use planning configurations can have wide-ranging crowding effects in the public transportation system. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the crowding implications caused by new urban developments. In this study, we propose a met...

Accurately predicting engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions on-board is crucial for effective emission control in heavy-duty engines. Real-world engine operating conditions, especially in non-road applications with frequent dynamic changes, can significantly affect NOx emission characteristics. However, these engine emission characteristics ar...

On-board crowding in public transport has significant impact on passengers’ travel experience, given the ongoing increase in urban agglomeration in many cities worldwide. New land-use planning configurations can have various wide-ranging crowding effects on the public transport system. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the crowding impl...

On-board crowding in public transportation has a significant impact on passengers' travel experience. However, there is little knowledge of how different passenger groups contribute to on-board crowding. Empirical knowledge of specific passenger groups' impact on the system facilitates more effective tuning of policy instruments such as new fare st...

Identification of Choice Sets (CSs) is a crucial step towards the estimation of public transport route choice models. However, identification of reliable CSs is a challenging task as the routes considered by travelers are not directly observed. To handle this issue, this study adopts an existing Choice Set Generation Methodology (CSGM) for the iden...

Public transport plays a vital role in society and the urban environment. However, knowledge of its spatial and temporal shares is often limited to traditional travel surveys. Recently, there has been substantial progress in mobility data collection, including data from traffic, public transport, and mobile phones. Especially mobile network data is...

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is commonly expected to improve different aspects of transportation. A long transition period in which AVs will coexist with human-driven vehicles (HVs) is expected until AVs become prevalent. Dedicated lane strategy is considered an effective way to improve road capacity and promote AV use. However, the...

Users’ access distance to shared micromobility services is an important component of travel patterns, a determinant of travel choices, and input to determining service catchment areas. Users’ willingness to walk to shared micromobility vehicles is increasingly relevant as policymakers regulate shared free-floating e-scooters to designated parking z...

Recognition of spatio-temporal traffic patterns at the network-wide level plays an important role in data-driven intelligent transport systems (ITS) and is a basis for applications such as short-term prediction and scenario-based traffic management. Common practice in the transport literature is to rely on well-known general unsupervised machine-le...

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in the transport community in the application of agent-based simulation models to evaluate flexible transit solutions characterized by different degrees of short-term flexibility in routing and scheduling. A central modeling decision in the development of an agent-based simulation model for t...

Access distance to micromobility services is an important component of usage patterns and input to determine the catchment area for the service. The latter is increasingly relevant as policymakers consider regulating shared free-floating e-scooters to designated parking zones. The access distances of e-scooters users in Stockholm, Sweden, are studi...

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is commonly expected to improve different aspects of transportation. A long transition period where AVs will coexist with human-driven vehicles (HVs) is expected until AVs become prevalent. Using the open source microscopic traffic simulation tool SUMO, this study investigates the impacts on traffic perf...

The paper develops a simulation model and evaluates fixed versus on-demand operational designs of a station-based automated feeder service. The evaluation considers the operational cost and average passenger level-of-service trade-offs as well as distributional differences in waiting times. Two case studies are used to evaluate such trade-offs unde...

Recognition of spatio-temporal traffic patterns at the network-wide level plays an important role in data-driven intelligent transport systems (ITS) and is a basis for applications such as short-term prediction and scenario-based traffic management. Common practice in the transport literature is to rely on well-known general unsupervised machine-le...

High-capacity public transport services such as metro and commuter trains are efficient during normal operations but are vulnerable to disruptions. To manage disruptions, bridging buses are commonly called in to replace the rail-based service along the disrupted lines. These often take significant time to arrive and are costly to keep stand-by. Dem...

In this article, we investigate empty vehicle redistribution algorithms with time windows for personal rapid transit or autonomous station-based taxi services, from a passenger service perspective. We present an Index Based Redistribution Time Limited algorithm that improves upon existing algorithms by incorporating expected passenger arrivals and...

This paper presents a comparative analysis of demand-responsive and fixed-schedule, fixed route operations for a simplified station-based feeder to mass transit scenario. Traffic dynamics, demand-responsive fleet coordination, and the behaviour of individual transit users are represented using a public transit simulation framework. Each operational...

For large cities, public transport represents the backbone for commuters and thus plays a crucial role for society and for the economy. High-capacity public transport services such as metro and commuter trains are efficient during normal operations but are vulnerable to disruptions. Metro and commuter train disruptions can be handled in several way...

In this article, we investigate empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) or autonomous station-based taxi services, from a passenger service perspective. We present a new index-based redistribution (IBR) algorithm that improves upon existing nearest neighbour and indexing algorithms by incorporating expected passenge...

This article discusses empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for PRT and autonomous taxi services from a passenger service perspective. In modern literature reactive methods such as nearest neighbours are commonly used. In this article we first formulate the general matching problem on a bipartite graph of available vehicles and stations. In addi...

City-wide travel time prediction in real-time is an important enabler for efficient use of the road network. It can be used in traveler information to enable more efficient routing of individual vehicles as well as decision support for traffic management applications such as directed information campaigns or incident management. 3D speed maps have...

Autonomous taxis (aTaxis) are promising to restructure the urban mobility universe: dispatching vehicles on roads to minimize congestion, reducing accidents and thus increasing savings of travel time, improving the transit level of service and reducing operating costs of public modes, thus limiting public subsidies. The simulation of demand and sup...

This study investigates empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for personal rapid transit and autonomous taxi services. The focus is on passenger service and operator cost. A new redistribution algorithm is presented in this study: index-based redistribution (IBR). IBR is a proactive method, meaning it takes into account both current demand and an...

The paper explores the potential of spatiotemporal network partitioning for travel time prediction accuracy and computational costs in the context of large-scale urban road networks (including motorways/freeways, arterials and urban streets). Forecasting in this context is challenging due to the complexity, heterogeneity, noisy data, unexpected eve...

The study presents the methodology and system architecture of an integrated urban road network travel time prediction framework based on low-frequency probe vehicle data. Intended applications include real-time network traffic management, vehicle routing and information provision. The framework integrates methods for receiving a stream of probe veh...

This article discusses empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for PRT and autonomous taxi services from a passenger service perspective. In modern literature reactive methods such as nearest neighbours are commonly used. In this article we first formulate the general matching problem on a bipartite graph of available vehicles and stations. In addi...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of potential benefits of a fleet of shared autonomous taxis “aTaxis”, in this paper referred to as Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV)) when replacing private car commuter trips in a metropolitan area. We develop a framework for dynamic allocation of SAVs to passenger trips, empty-vehicle routing and...

Transit operations involve several inherent sources of uncertainty, including dispatch time from the origin terminal, travel time between stops, and dwell time at stops. Bus-holding control strategies are a prominent method applied by transit operators to improve transit performance and level of service. The common practice is to regulate departure...

Real-time information (RTI) is increasingly being implemented in transit networks worldwide. The evaluation of the effect of RTI requires dynamic modeling of transit operations and of passenger path choices. The authors present a dynamic transit analysis and evaluation tool that represents timetables, operation strategies, RTI, adaptive passenger c...

Transit operators are interested in strategies to improve service reliability as it is an important measure of performance and level of service. One of the common practices aimed at reducing service unreliability is holding control strategies. The design of these strategies involves the selection of a set of time point stops and the holding criteri...

Incident response and mitigation are among the main tasks of operators at traffic control centers. Simulation models have a good chance of reproducing and predicting the effects of incident response by explicitly modeling driver response to the incident and information provided. In the PREDIKT project sponsored by the Swedish National Road Administ...

Service reliability is one of the main measures of performance determining transit system level of service. Holding control strategies are a common transit operations practice aimed to reduce transit service unreliability by setting criteria for departure from time point stops. In order to adequately analyze the sources of uncertainty involved with...

This paper presents a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations, planning and control, especially in the context of Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS). Examples of potential applications include frequency determination, evaluation of real-time control strategies for schedule maintenance and assessing the effec...

Analysis of public transport system performance and level of service in urban areas is essential. Dynamic modeling of traffic conditions, passenger demand, and transit operations is important to represent adequately the complexity of and the interactions between these components in modern public transportation systems. This paper presents a transit...

A hybrid mesoscopic–microscopic model is implemented that applies microscopic simulation to areas of specific interest while simulating a large surrounding network in lesser detail with a mesoscopic model. The hybrid model integrates VisSim, a microscopic traffic simulation model, and Mezzo, a recently developed mesoscopic model. The hybrid model i...

The paper presents a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, particularly suited for the development of integrated meso-micro traffic simulation models. The model combines a number of the recent advances in simulation modeling, such as discrete-event time resolution and combined queue-server and speed-density modeling, with a number of new features su...

Traffic simulation models, especially microscopic, are becoming popular and used to address a wide range of problems, from planning to operations. However, for applications with large scale networks microscopic models are not practical because of input data and calibration requirements. Hybrid models, that combine simulation models at different lev...

Traffic simulation models have become an important tool for modelling the operations of dynamic traffic systems. While microscopic simulation models provide a more detailed representation of the traffic process, are macroscopic and mesoscopic models able to capture traffic dynamics of large networks, in lesser detail, but without the problems of ap...

Traffic simulation is an important tool for modeling the operations of dynamic traffic systems. Although microscopic simulation models provide a detailed representation of the traffic process, macroscopic and mesoscopic models capture the traffic dynamics of large networks in less detail but without the problems of application and calibration of mi...

Traffic simulation is an important tool for modelling the operations of dynamic traffic systems and helps analyse the causes and potential solutions of traffic problems such as congestion and traffic safety. Microscopic simulation models provide a detailed representation of the traffic process, which makes them most suitable for evaluation of compl...

Most microscopic and many mesoscopic and macroscopic (dynamic) traffic simulation models have the property to represent random variations in the behaviour of the simulated traffic. In microscopic models this randomness, or stochasticity is used in many of the simulated processes. Examples are the arrival process of vehicles at the entries to the si...

The calibration and validation approach and results from a case study applying the microscopic traffic simulation tool MITSIMLab to a mixed urban-freeway network in the Brunnsviken area in the north of Stockholm, Sweden, under congested traffic conditions are described. Two important components of the simulator were calibrated: driving behavior mod...

Sweden spends 1.7 billion Crowns on winter road maintenance annually. A large part of this money goes into plowing, salting, and sanding of the roads. The decision about what maintenance to perform is made, in part, based on data received from road weather information stations, some of which are also equipped with video cameras. These video cameras...