Wenjun Zhang

• Professor, PhD
• President at IAEES

Causality inference of variables is a research focus in science. Due to its importance, a statistical simulation and regression method for causality inference of linearly correlated (scale or interval) variables was proposed in present study. First, a statistical simulation and regression method was developed to generate and analyze artificial data...

Free online computational tool: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/ces/articles/2024-14(1)/ANOVA-nSTAT.htm ; Based on the statistical significance testing, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is one of the most popular statistics widely used in experimental sciences. However, in recent years, the statistical significance testing has been widel...

Free online computational tool: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/articles/2024-14(2)/MetaAnaly.htm ; Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in systematic review to quantitatively integrate the results of multiple related studies to obtain a pooled result that can represent these studies. Meta-analysis overcomes the limitations of t...

In present study I proposed a statistical simulation method for causality inference of nominal variables (i.e., categorical variables). A new correlation measure for nominal variables, association coefficient, is firstly proposed also. A statistical simulation method was developed to generate artificial data of nominal variables with known causalit...

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on sustainable control of pests through a combination of techniques. In present study, an indicator system, which is a hierarchical system, for eco-sustainability assessment of Integrated Pest Management is proposed. The indicator system is based on various IPM techniques...

In present study, the effect of head tilt excise for lowering blood pressure is experimented. The results show that there is a significant difference between systolic blood pressures before and during one-time excise, between diastolic blood pressures before and during one-time excise, and between cardiac rates before and during one-time excise. Sy...

In present study, a calculator, probDistriCal, was developed for probability distributions. In the calculator, the probability distributions as normal distribution, t distribution, F distribution, χ2 distribution, exponential distribution, power law distribution, Weibull distribution, Zhang distribution, binomial distribution, Poission distribution...

Computer software will help biological researchers view and handle bio-graphics and images. Two standalone executable image viewers, Projector 1.0.exe and scrSaver 1.0.scr, which can be used to play JPG, BMP or ICO image files automatically and continually in Windows operating systems, were developed in present study. Projector 1.0 is an image proj...

A standalone executable software, objectVisual3D (version 1.0), for 3D visualization of objects, was developed in present study. The software uses the OBJ file of an object to generate its 3D graphics. Various parameters can be specified by users. In the generated 3D graphics window, users can right-or left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D...

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a methodology for evaluating causality in observational studies. MR tries to find the fact that genotypes are not susceptible to reverse causation and confounding based on Mendel’s law of inheritance. MR may provide information on causality in situations where randomized controlled trials are impossible. In presen...

In present study a method that enables users to dynamically insert the forest plot into a web page was presented. In this method, I created a Javascript module for generating and inserting a HTML table, including an entry function and two sub-functions. When the user applies it, copy these functions together with the table mark into the web page lo...

A standalone executable software for network visualization, netVisual 2.0, was developed based on the previous studies. It can be used in Windows operating systems and is not dependent upon any runtime environment. Based on the data of network information, netVisual 2.0 will generate a HTML file from which a network can be visualized and user-inter...

The executable Java software, netGen 3.0, for network visualization was developed in present study. A network can be generated and interactively visualized from a text file by using netGen. Compared to the previous versions, there are substantial improvements in netGen 3.0. In addition to the visualization of both unweighted and weighted (and both...

In this article, a standalone executable software molVisual3D, for 3D visualization of molecules was developed. It uses the XYZ file of a molecule to generate its 3D graphics. Some parameters can be specified by the user. In the generated 3D graphics window, the user can right-or left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D graphics, or mouse-dra...

Free online computational tool: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/articles/2024-14(2)/SampSizeCal.htm ; User manual guide and offline tool: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/articles/2024-14(2)/5-Zhang-Abstract.asp ; Abstract: Dependent upon the statistical significance p-value and statistical power, the sample size esti...

Online computational tools: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/ces/articles/2024-14(2)/CommAnaly.htm ; The comparison of structural difference between biological communities and the evenness or diversity test of biological communities are always the focus in community studies. In present study, two computational tools were developed to cond...

An executable Java software, netGen, for visualizing networks was developed in present study. An interactive network can be visualized from the specified text or csv data file by using netGen. netGen is useful to visualize both undirected and directed networks. Both netGen and demonstration data files are given. Find details at: http://www.iaees.o...

Based on the previous web tool, I developed a Matlab software, netVisual, for generating a HTML file from which the user-interface interactive network can be visualized in the web browsers. In the network, the user can mouse-press any node to drag the network, to examine network topology, and to evaluate node centrality, etc. It can be freely used...

Several digital timers and clocks for desktop computers were developed in present study. Digital timers are used for time control in scientific experiments, dissertation defensing, work debriefing, academic lecture, student teaching, etc. Digital timer-counter and clocks are used for field sampling, field observation, ecological experiments, etc. A...

In present study, we developed the web database CHM-DATA Version 1.2 based on the previous database CHM-DATA Version 1.0 (Zhang, 2017a), a database of attributes and functions of Chinese herbal medicines. The information system of attributes and functions of Chinese herbal medicines (ISAFCHM) was developed based on CHM-DATA Version 1.2, which is us...

Based on previously constructed data tables of acupoint functions and meridians, we performed a pattern classification of acupoints based on functional similarity in this study. Unsupervised pattern classification methods include k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, BP neural network, self-organizing feature map network; supervised pattern...

An integrative Java software, visual3D 1.0, for 3D visualization of objects and chemical molecules was developed in present study. The software uses a XYZ or OBJ file to generate the 3D graphics represented by the file. Various parameters can be specified by users. In the generated 3D graphics window, users may right-or left-click mouse to zoom in...

Insects are one of the most widely distributed animals on earth, and their visual systems have strong adaptability, deeply affecting their survival, reproduction, diet, and environmental adaptation. With the sequencing of the entire genome of Drosophila and the development of modern biotechnology, research on visual proteins has made significant pr...

Effect size is a statistical concept which measures the strength of the relationship between two variables. Effect size has basic properties such as measurement unit independence, sample size independence, and monotonicity. In particular, unlike statistical significance test, effect size is not influenced by sample size. Effect size avoids various...

In present study, a software tool for network analysis is presented. The tool is mainly used to calculate topological properties of the network, detect type of the network, and calculate node centralities of the network. Various network properties include total number of nodes, total number of links, clustering coefficient of network, mean link den...

In this study, we constructed the data table of acupoint functions (i.e., acupoint indications and clinical applications) based on the previously developed information system of acupoint diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Based on the data table of acupoint functions, between-acupoint point correlations were calculated. Acupoi...

In this study we developed an information system of acupoint diagnosis and treatment for Traditional Chinese Medicine (ISADTTHM). In this system, there are 311 acupoints, about 600 acupoint indications and clinical applications, 12 meridians, 8 extra meridians, and 5 elements of the Five Elements. In the ISADTTHM, users can choose to list the compl...

In present study we provided a comprehensive risk assessment system. The system consists of four representative methods, namely probability-deterministic assessment, probability-interval assessment, probability-ranking assessment, and probability-ranking with optimal mix strategy. Among them, the probability-interval assessment was proposed by us....

The t-test theory has laid the foundation of modern statistics and it is one of the main contents of statistics. This theory can be found in all statistics textbooks and is at the core of almost all applied statistics courses. At the same time, almost all statistical software or tools have t-test content, such as Matlab, SAS, SPSS, R, etc. However,...

In present study, the Matlab algorithm and full codes for particle swarm optimization was given. An example was demonstrated.

中草药属性与功效信息系统 Information System for Atributes and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine http://www.iaees.org/publications/software/chmdata/chmdata.asp 中医药是中国的传统文化和国粹。几千年来，中医药为保证国人的健康长寿做出了卓越贡献，中医药理论也在长期的实践活动中不断发展和完善，成为中华医学文明的重要宝库。近年来，国家号召要发扬光大中国传统文化，包括中医药文化；目前，中医药事业发展迅猛，中医药文化深入人心，呈现出一片欣欣向荣的可喜局面。中国拥有药用植物达 11000 多种，占中药材资源的85%以上。中草药理论和应用已达数千年，是无数医者的经验...

中医穴位诊治信息系统 Information System for Acupoint Diagnosis and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicide http://www.iaees.org/publications/software/acudata/acudata.asp 失去健康，万事皆休。 所谓经络，被认为是人体组织液的循环通道。穴位，又称穴道，为经络节点。针灸和按摩就是通过作用于穴位，使不正常的通路得到恢复。因此，穴位经络是针灸按摩康复医学的基础。经络学说是中医学理论体系的主要组成部分。中医经络理论不仅可阐述人体的生理功能，解释病理现象，也可指导临床诊断与治疗，对于整个中医学理论体系的建构起到十分重要的作用。学医不懂经络，开口动...

Tumorigenesis is a multifactor and multistep process, of which the change of metabolic signaling pathways plays a key role. Most of the previous studies on tumor signaling pathways focused mainly on the metabolic process and chemical processes of some selected metabolites, the tumorigenesis induced by abnormal signaling from mutation of this metabo...

In present study, the Matlab software for a genetic algorithm was given. An example was demonstrated for easy use.

For a long time, confidence interval theory is the basis of statistics, and confidence interval has been regarded as an important content of statistical analysis. Almost all statistical textbooks and statistical analysis software contain the contents of confidence intervals, which are used to estimate statistical parameters or parameters of mathema...

In present study, I developed the Matlab based software for resizing images, imgResize (Version 1.0). Various images with formats as PNG, JPG, GIF, etc., can be resized with specified scales or pixels. Users can choose different methods for resizing images. The excutable software, full Matlab codes and user guide were given. Download software at:...

The p-value is at the heart of statistical significance tests, a very important issue related to the role of statistical inference in advancing scientific discovery. Over the past few decades, p-value based statistical significance tests have been widely used in most statistics-related research papers, textbooks, and all statistical software around...

Olfaction is one of the physiological traits of insect behavior. Insects have evolved a sophisticated olfactory system and use a combined coding strategy to process general odor. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms of odor detection. Identifying new olfactory targets through complex interactio...

In present study, a statistical simulation method for causality inference of Boolean variables was proposed. First, I used statistical simulation to generate artificial data of two Boolean variables with known independent and dependent variables. A law was drawn from the simulation analysis of the artificial data. For a set of data of two Boolean v...

Detoxification enzymes are necessary for insects to metabolize toxic substances and maintain physiological activities. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and carboxylesterase (CarEs) are the main detoxification enzymes in insects. In addition, UDP-glucosyltransferase and ATP-binding cassette transporter also participate in...

In the present study, an online web tool (http://www.iaees.org/publications/software/netJa/netGen.htm) for generating user-interface interactive networks was presented. In the network, the user can mouse-press any of the nodes to drag the network, examine network topology, evaluate node centrality, etc. It can be freely used and run on popular web...

In present study, a method was developed to construct and analyze the word network. The core of the method is Random Reading Frame (RRF) method. First, download or collect word files (in various formats, e.g., pdf, txt, doc, docx, rtf, html, etc.) from internet or local machine in terms of the concerned topics. All files were then combined in a fin...

In this article, a discretized dynamic model was proposed to describe the development of insecticide resistance. Variables as dosage, timing and frequency of insecticide applications, mutation rate, insecticide-resistant individual’s fitness, etc., were included in the model. The model was validated using sensitivity analysis. The model was finally...

It is harder to generate an adjacency matrix from connection (i.e., link) pairs that nodes are represented by strings than by numerical ID numbers. In present article, we developed a Matlab algorithm to generate adjacency matrix from connection pairs in which nodes are represented by strings. Full codes and executable program of the algorithm were...

From the same source or multiple sources, the pathogen may trigger multiple infection processes, and each infection process will cause different theoretical incidence. However, some of the previously infected individuals may be re-infected in the ongoing infection process, that is, the previous and ongoing infections overlap. The higher the previou...

Olfaction plays an essential role in feeding and information exchange in insects. Previous studies on the olfaction of silkworms have provided a wealth of information about genes and proteins, yet, most studies have only focused on a single gene or protein related to the insect's olfaction. The aim of the current study is to determine key proteins...

A discrete dynamic model for human epidemics was developed in present study. The model included major parameters as transmission strength and its dynamic changes, mean incubation period, hospitalization time (i.e., the time from illness to hospitalization), non-hospitalization (i.e., outside hospitals) daily mortality, non-hospitalization daily rec...

In present study, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristi...

Find article (software manual) at: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/np/articles/2020-5(1-2)/1-Zhang-Abstract.asp Download software at: http://www.iaees.org/publications/software/ In present study, I developed a powerful Matlab-based software package, imageProcAnal (Version 1.0), for image processing and analysis. Several modules wer...

In present article, we presented the Matlab algorithm of Ou-Yang's model (Ou-Yang et al., 2017). It can be used to explore the shared clustering structure in PPI (protein-protein interaction) and DDI (domain-domain interaction) networks. A final matrix H can be achieved using the algorithm. Protein i belongs to complex k if H ik =1, otherwise H ik...

Parasitism has been ignored in most of the food web research. However, it has been found to play an important role in maintaining food web structure. In order to present further evidences and findings on the functionality of parasitism in food webs, this study used the methodology of network science and meta-analysis to analyze and compare topologi...

Background: The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from...

BACKGROUNDS: The ongoing new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia outbreak is spreading in China and has not reached its peak. Five millions of people had emigrated from Wuhan before the city lockdown, which potentially represent a source of virus spreaders. Case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in early epidemic...

The ongoing large-scale pneumonia outbreak in China is caused by the 2019-nCoV, a new coronavirus highly similar to SARS-CoV in the SARS outbreak. The cause and consequence of the outbreak remain largely unknown as it is still in its early stage. As many aspects of the new virus are similar to SARS in 2003, knowledge, patterns and lessons of the SA...

In present study, we developed a series of methods to calculate between-image correlations and similarities. Between-image Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation and similarity index can be achieved and various statistic tests for between-image difference, including signed test of matched samples for between-image difference, Wilcoxon signed ran...

In present study, the electivity index was used to estimate the preference for species selection of Chinese medicinal seed plants based on the code database of Chinese herbal medicine, CHM-DATA Ver. 1.0 (Zhang, 2017a-d) and the world's seed plant data. The results showed that people consciously select Chinese medicinal seed plants from the families...

Network biology is a science that deals with the structure, function, regulation (control), design, and application, etc., of various biological networks. It is an interdisciplinary science based on life sciences (biology, ecology, medicine, etc.), mathematics and computational science (graph theory, network science, differential equations, computa...

Introduction to Network Biology (PPT presentation for teaching). A PDF file for the PPT can be found in supplementary files fold.

How to determine relative importance (e.g., weight) of nodes or links in a network is one of the focus in network biology. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used to determine weights of edges (i.e., links) and vertices (i.e., nodes) of a network, which is suitable for the hierarchical structure problems hard to be quantified. In present artic...

The problem of resistance has not been solved fundamentally at present, because the development speed of new insecticides can not keep pace with the development speed of resistance, and the lack of understanding of molecular mechanism of resistance. Here we collected seed genes and their interacting proteins involved in insecticide resistance molec...

In present article, I introduced some network matrix based methods for comparing and testing between-network difference/similarity, including the methods for interval weights based network matrix, including between-network similarity, randomization test of between-network difference, and statistic test of between-network difference, and the method...