Wendy Rodgers

University of Alberta | UAlberta

Purpose: Examine objectively measured environmental correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in toddlers (12-35 mo). Methods: Participants were recruited at immunization appointments in Edmonton, Canada. Physical activity and sedentary time were objectively measured via accelerometers (n = 149). The parents reported screen time and...

The literature suggests self-efficacy is a determinant of physical activity and management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to (i) test the effects of two vicarious experience interventions, coping versus mastery modeling, on self-efficacy in COPD patients performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPE...

This study examined the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed with the guidance of the socialization model of child behaviour to understand modifiable correlates of toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Findings are based on 118 parents (33.7 ± 4.9 years; 86% female) of toddlers (19.3 ± 2.7 months; 48% female) from Edm...

Objective: Feasibility trials assess whether a behavior change program warrants a definite trial evaluation. This paper reports the feasibility of an intervention consisting of Self Determination Theory-informed text messages, pedometers, and goal prompts to increase adolescent physical activity. Methods: A 4-group randomized design with baselin...

Despite the importance of critical media work, much is to be learned about breast cancer representations within media discourses and the implications for women’s identity construction. Building on research from Australia from a discursive perspective, the current paper used an eclectic approach to critical discourse analysis to explore the cultural...

Background This research examined differences in perceptions of heart disease compared with breast cancer and if the differences are reflected in media presentations of the diseases. Relationships of differences in perceptions to demographic groups, heart disease risk factors and health behaviors were examined. Methods Study 1 was a quantitative c...

This article examined the conceptual and statistical distinction between perceived competence and self-efficacy. Although they are frequently used interchangeably, it is possible that distinguishing them might assist researchers in better understanding their roles in developing enduring adaptive behavior patterns. Perceived competence is conceived...

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of exercise rehabilitation (ER) on the daily physical activity (PA) of cardiopulmonary patients. The impact of ER programs on the objectively measured quantity and quality of daily PA in cardiopulmonary patients is not completely understood. Participants' exercise capacity and PA were measured at b...

Physical activity decreases from childhood through adulthood. Among youth, teenagers (teens) achieve the lowest levels of physical activity, and high school age youth are particularly at risk of inactivity. Effective methods are needed to increase youth physical activity in a way that can be maintained through adulthood. Because teens text a great...

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive treatment program centered on structured exercise that has been demonstrated to achieve significant decreases in mortality and morbidity in cardiac patients, yet few patients adhere to exercise post-CR and so...

Techniques to increase physical activity among pulmonary rehabilitation patients outside of the rehabilitation context are warranted. Implementation intentions are a strategy used to initiate goal-directed behaviour, and have been found to be useful in other populations. This study compared the long-term effects of exercise and social implementatio...

Coaching has been recognised as a demanding occupation, associated with a range of stressors. The extent to which coaches perceive stress is likely to be influenced by various personal and situational factors. The purpose of this study was to identify coaches' levels of perceived stress and examine the personal and situational factors that may infl...

This study examined the validity and reliability of Thai versions of questionnaires measuring leisure-time physical activity, exercise-related self-efficacy, outcome expectations and self-regulation. Three steps were used: translation, back-translation and expert committee confirmation; test-retest reliability; and exploratory factor analysis. Twen...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a mental imagery intervention designed to enhance integrated regulation for exercise among women commencing an exercise program. Healthy women who previously did not exercise regularly (N = 102; M age = 29.54, SD = 8.34) participated in an 8-week cardiovascular exercise program in which they e...

In this study we examined the relationships of different response formats, respondent gender, and activity level, to ratings of exercise stereotypes. Participants (N = 203) completed 8 question sets about 8 exerciser stereotypes. In each questionnaire, 1 question was inadvertently measured twice with different response options of definitely would n...

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressively debilitating disease, which, over time, may compromise patient ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between selected parameters of physical fitness and performance of ADL in COPD patients. Methods: A...

Abstract Although participation in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves the health outcomes in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), there are insufficient resources to provide PR to all patients with COPD. Thus, predicting which patients are at risk for drop-out and non-response to rehabilitation is necessary in order to op...

Self‐efficacy (SE) for overcoming barriers to exercise is key to continued exercise behavior in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This study examined factors influencing patients' SE for overcoming barriers to exercise in CR. It was hypothesized that stress after a cardiac event would have a negative impact on SE, but that social support would be relate...

Exercise is considered a key component of rehabilitation for heart patients, yet adherence to exercise remains problematic. This study examined the role of socioeconomic status, patients' perception of control over their heart problem and self-efficacy beliefs on exercise during and after cardiac rehabilitation. A prospective design was used. Measu...

The authors examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire using exploratory factor analyses (Study 1), and confirmatory factor analyses (Study 2). The relationships between obligatory exercise and other psychological variables including: motivation, subjective well-being, physical self-concept, s...

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective therapeutic strategy to improve health outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there is insufficient PR capacity to service all COPD patients, thus necessitating creative solutions to increase the availability of PR. To examine the efficacy of PR delivered via Te...

Determine the proportion of adults aware of Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living (Guide) and its specific recommendations (objective 1); whether key demographic factors (objective 2a) and physical activity behavior (objective 2b) are associated with awareness and specific familiarity with the Guide; and if changes in awareness...

The purpose of this study was to determine if task, coping, and scheduling self-efficacy (SE) for exercise could be influenced using guided imagery interventions in an experimental design controlling for overt exercise experiences. Healthy women (N = 205, Mage = 31.47) who did not exercise regularly were randomly assigned to guided imagery sessions...

The consequences of coronary artery disease may significantly limit functional independence of elderly patients. While cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise programs have been shown to improve health outcomes such as exercise capacity, little is known about the impact such programs have on daily functional abilities. The purpose of this study was to...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between control beliefs, socioeconomic status and exercise intentions and behavior. Specifically, we examined whether distal and proximal control beliefs mediated the association between socioeconomic status and exercise intentions and behavior. A one time, cross sectional mail out survey (N...

Among rising rates of overweight and obesity, schools have become essential settings to promote health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). As schools exist within a broader environment, the social ecological model (SEM) provided a framework to consider how different levels interact and influence PA. The purpose of this study was to provide i...

Objective: A large body of research evidence is accumulating describing aspects of motivation that are associated with persistence with exercise behavior. Relatively little is known, however, about the process of becoming a regular exerciser. That is, how long does it take for the motivational profile of an initiate exerciser to become similar to t...

Fitness and health variables were measured in 128 sedentary men and women randomly assigned to 6 months of fitness training (F), a walking program (W), or a control (C) group. The F program gradually increased volume and intensity until 4 d/wk of training, at 70% of peak VO2 for 43 min/session was prescribed while the W group performed daily walkin...

This study examined the patterns of imagery use and motivational self-determination, and the relationships between them in regular exercisers (RE), non-exercisers who intend to exercise (NE-I), and non-exercisers who do not intend to exercise (NE-N). A survey was conducted through the random sampling of a large population. The NE-N group reported u...

This study explored the influence of psychosocial factors on an important prognostic indictor among heart patients, exercise tolerance (ET). Prior to attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR), 100 men and 24 women completed a survey assessing social support and self-efficacy for exercise in CR followed by an ET test (ETT) measured in metabolic equivale...

1747-9541 There are disproportionately few women in high level coaching positions. Explanations vary for this under-representation of women as coaches, but the focus of this research is the disproportionate gender ratio within the profession as based upon Kanter's framework of occupational sex segregation. Two studies examining Canadian coaches und...

Some studies have found positive associations between implementation intentions and exercise, independent of motivational factors. However, most research has not been conducted in actual exercise contexts. In a naturalistic setting, implementation intentions may be associated with self-efficacy (SE) beliefs. This study examined the effect of implem...

This study examined the extent to which improved collaboration between sport scientists and coaches of high performance athletes might improve knowledge transfer in sport. The research includes a review of the extant literature on collaboration to develop a model of successful collaborative practice. The model is then empirically tested to determin...

This study, the first to examine the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining intentions and behavior to remain smoke-free, generated smoke-free related beliefs in adolescents and examined their association to the TPB global constructs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intention, and behavio...

This study addressed the influence of pedometers and a pretest on walking intentions and behaviour. Using a Solomon four-group design, 63 female university students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: pedometer and pretest (n = 16), pedometer and no pretest (n = 16), no pedometer and pretest (n = 15), no pedometer and no pretest (n =...

Within Berkman et al.'s (2000) framework, we examined sociodemographic correlates of social networks (SN) and social support (SS) in 155 heart patients (33 women, 122 men), who completed measures of sociodemographics, SN, and SS. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationship between sociodemographic factors and SN; and between sociodem...

The potential benefits of workplace wellness programs are limited by low participation rates of employees, which could be due in part to ineffective persuasion by program providers. This study uses the Elaboration Likelihood Model, as a guiding theory in mixed methods research, to investigate feedback messages about physical activity delivered in a...

Regular physical exercise is an important health-promoting behaviour. Self-efficacy has been demonstrated to be a robust predictor of health behaviour in general and physical activity in particular. Two studies are reported where the change in task self-efficacy, scheduling self-efficacy, and coping self-efficacy for two types of physical activity...

This paper elicited context specific underlying beliefs for physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and smoke-free behaviour from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and then determined whether the TPB explained significant variation in intentions and behaviour over a 1 month period in a sample of grade 7-9 (age 12-16 years) adolescen...

The purpose of this research was to examine whether exercisers and nonexercisers are rated similarly on a variety of characteristics by a sample of randomly selected regular exercisers, nonexercisers who intend to exercise, and nonexercisers with no intention to exercise. Previous research by Martin Ginis et al. (2003) has demonstrated an exerciser...

The Healthy Heart Kit (HHK) is a risk management and patient education kit for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the promotion of CV health. There are currently no published data examining predictors of HHK use by physicians. The main objective of this study was to examine the association between physicians' characteristics (socio-...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Understand the basics of self-determination theory. • Develop some ideas of how to create exercise contexts more likely to support self-determined motivation.

This study asked a group of coaches about the major challenges they encounter in their coaching experience. The study was conducted with a group that had recently completed an introductory coaching course, but they had widely varied coaching experience, and coached male and female athletes in a variety of sports at multiple levels. We were interest...

There is an emerging knowledge base on the effectiveness of strategies to close the knowledge-practice gap. However, less is known about how attributes of an innovation and other contextual and situational factors facilitate and impede an innovation's adoption. The Healthy Heart Kit (HHK) is a risk management and patient education resource for the...

Research related to how coaches learn concludes that coaches most often learn from other coaches. So far, there has been little evidence to suggest that coaches rely on sport scientists for their information, which would indicate minimal interaction between sport scientists and coaches. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and source...

The purpose of this research was to answer three specific questions: i) How do coaches perceive sport science research? ii) What sources do coaches consult when looking for new ideas? and iii) What barriers do coaches encounter when trying to access new information? All of the high-performance coaches involved in Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS...

We examined social and psychological correlates of cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), or exaggerated heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress, in 45 men (mean age = 60.1, SD = 9.9) and 17 women (mean age = 9.9, SD = 11.8) prior to cardiac rehabilitation. HR and BP increased from rest to anticipation, and women had higher res...

This series of three studies considers the multidimensionality of exercise self-efficacy by examining the psychometric characteristics of an instrument designed to assess three behavioral subdomains: task, scheduling, and coping. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed the expected factor structure in a sample of 395 students. Confirmatory...

Across various social cognitive theories, behavioral intention is broadly argued to be the most proximal and important predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Rogers, 1983). It seems probable that an intention to increase behavior might be differentially determined from an intention to maintain behavior. Thus...

Perceptions of control hold a dominant position in social cognitive theories yet there is a lack of conceptual and empirical clarity regarding what kind of control is most associated with particular behaviours. Three prominent types of control are perceived control (PC), perceived difficulty (PD), and perceived confidence or self-efficacy (SE) for...

The present study examined the moderating role of conscientiousness within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for exercise behavior during usual vs. unusual context. Affective and cognitive attitude, subjective and descriptive norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, past behavior, conscientiousness, and self-reported behavior we...

The purpose of this research report is to explore factors that may influence whether coaches adopt desired behaviours. This research was conducted with a census survey of Canadian coaches who had completed all or part of their National Coaching Certification Program Competition-Introduction coach education. The results indicate that several factors...

This study explored the influence of social support on a prognostic indicator among cardiac patients, exercise tolerance. The relationship of sociodemographic factors to social support was examined, as well as the role of social support as a potential mediator between sociodemographic factors and exercise tolerance. Archival data were collected fro...

The purpose of this study was to provide initial construct validity evidence for scores derived from the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise (PNSE) scale, a multidimensional instrument designed to measure perceived psychological need satisfaction in line with Deci and Ryanʼs (1985, 2002) self-determination theory (SDT). Participants in two...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether persons exercising 2 times per week or less versus 3 times per week or more, with intentions to maintain current level of activity form a homogenous group in terms of motivational features. A group of 86 women recruited from local fitness clubs reported on their exercise incentives, self-effi...

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between psychological need satisfaction (competence, autonomy, and relatedness), exercise regulations, and motivational consequences proposed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000). The secondary purpose was to explore changes in these constructs ov...

The present study examined the moderating influence of self-efficacy, baseline feeling states, and in-task feeling states on exercise-related feeling-state changes at moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Physically active females (N= 60) participated in 1 of 5 conditions: (a) attention control for 30 min, (b) exercise at 50% heart rate reserve (H...

Self-efficacy has been shown to be a robust predictor of exercise and other health-related behaviors (e.g., Bandura, 1986, 1995, 1997; Godin, Desharnais, Valois, & Bradet, 1995; Maddux, 1995; McAuley, Wraith, & Duncan, 1991). Maddux has proposed that there are different types of self-efficacy and that these types may fulfill different roles in the...

This investigation examined the relationship between perceived psychological need satisfaction and well-being in exercise. Participants in Study 1 were women enrolled in a resistance-training program who completed instruments on two occasions across 12 weeks. Changes in perceived need satisfaction and subjective vitality were evident, and residual...

The purpose of this series of studies was to evaluate a measure of integrated regulation specific to exercise contexts in line with Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002). To address this purpose, three studies were conducted to test select psychometric and theoretical properties of four integrated regulation items created for use...

Background The purposes of this study were to: 1) explore the potential role of sex in the association between the perceived environment and walking; and 2) determine the efficacy of an Internet-based research platform for collecting population-level physical activity and correlates data. Methods Visitors to the Canada on the Move website were ask...

The purposes of this study were to: 1) explore the potential role of sex in the association between the perceived environment and walking; and 2) determine the efficacy of an Internet-based research platform for collecting population-level physical activity and correlates data. Visitors to the Canada on the Move website were asked questions about t...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between commitment and exercise behavior using the Sport Commitment Model (SCM; J Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 1) as a guiding conceptual framework.Design: Cross-sectional survey.Methods: Participants at two universities (N1=205; 83.4% female; N2=223; 73.1% female) provided d...

Objectives: To examine Self-Determination Theory’s (SDT; Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press) proposition that perceptions of autonomy support underpin different regulations that, in turn, predict behavioral intentions in the context of exercise. The specific hyp...

Two studies are described addressing how anxiety, fear of pain, and catastrophizing impact on pain experience. In study 1, 66 undergraduates (34 men, 32 women) completed measures of state and trait anxiety, fear of pain, and catastrophizing prior to participating in a cold pressor procedure. In study 2, 60 undergraduates (30 men, 30 women) complete...

Objectives. To examine the influence of different durations of aerobic exercise and cognitions during running on exercise-induced feeling state changes in an indoor running track environment once baseline differences in feeling states were controlled.Method. Physically active females (n=69) participated in one of three experimental conditions: a) a...

The aim of this study was to examine propositions stemming from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) that contend motivational consequences vary as a function of different regulations in the exercise domain. Participants (N = 276; n = 98 men; n = 178 women) completed inventories assessing exercise regulations, current exercise behavior, and behavioral i...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between exercise regulations varying in self-determination and exercise imagery. Female Canadian university exercise participants (N= 165) completed measures of exercise regulations and exercise imagery following an exercise class. Descriptive statistics indicated participants held more self...

The reviewer states that this book (K. F. Hays [2002]; see record 2002-02783-000) presents information on exercise as a therapy alternative, some information on the benefits of exercise, anecdotes based on stories of other people's exercise (and sometimes therapy) experiences, and many "self-help" exercises. The literature base for the book draws o...

This study evaluated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise adherence during phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A total of 215 patients completed a baseline questionnaire that included the TPB constructs and past exercise. Exercise adherence was measured via program attendance during phase II CR. Hierarchi...

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory adaptations to 12 weeks of endurance cycle training performed using intensities based on the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide. Forty-four untrained subjects (9 men and 35 women) were randomly assigned into two groups: a low-intensity training (LIT) group (n = 21) th...

The present study examined the value of a measure of catastrophizing as a predictor of activity intolerance in response to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). A sample of 50 (17 men, 33 women) sedentary undergraduates participated in an exercise protocol designed to induce muscle soreness and were asked to return 2 days later to perform the same...

Objective: To evaluate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise motivation during and after Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Design and Participants: Patients (57 men and 24 women) completed a TPB questionnaire that included attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and exercise intentions...

Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, 1995, 1997) has figured prominently among social psychological approaches taken to the investigation of exercise behavior. The present study validated two measures of self-efficacy (scheduling and task) through confirmatory factor analytic procedures. In a separate study, the resultant factors were then used...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the theory of planned behavior as a framework for understanding exercise intention and behavior in survivors of breast and prostate cancer. Participants were 83 survivors of breast and 46 survivors of prostate cancer who were diagnosed within the previous 4 years and had completed treatment. Each participan...