Wendy Mercedes RauwSpanish National Research Council | CSIC · INIA-CSIC
Wendy Mercedes Rauw
PhD
About
187
Publications
46,693
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Introduction
Four quinquenios (2000-2019), Four sexenios (1997-2020). MSc 1996 Wageningen University Netherlands;
Doctor of Agriculturæ PhD 2001 NMBU Norway;
Research Scientist 2000-2004 IRTA Spain;
Assistant Professor 2004-2010 University of Nevada Reno Department of Animal Biotechnology USA;
Ramón y Cajal 2010-2014 INIA Spain;
CientificoTitular 2015-present INIA-CSIC Spain;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-1961; https://tinyurl.com/yyrm45kh
Additional affiliations
April 2010 - December 2014
November 2004 - April 2010
September 2000 - August 2004
Education
September 1997 - January 2001
September 1991 - January 1996
Publications
Publications (187)
The immune system is a life history trait that can be expected to trade off against other life history traits. Whether or not a trait is considered to be a life history trait has consequences for the expectation on how it responds to natural selection and evolution; in addition, it may have consequences for the outcome of artificial selection when...
The human population is projected to rise to 9.15 billion people by 2050, resulting in a projected increase in meat consumption. However, at the same time, the dominant position of meat as the centre of meals is on the decline, resulting in an increasing number of vegetarians and flexitarians in some Western countries. There are several motivations...
Pig production systems provide multiple benefits to humans. However, the global increase in meat consumption has profound consequences for our earth. This perspective describes two alternative scenarios for improving the sustainability of future pig production systems. The first scenario is a high input–high output system based on sustainable inten...
Circular economic principals of production are based on material flows through the system with minimum external inputs, recycling of resources, generating minimum waste, emissions, or pollution. Agriculture presents a major opportunity for the utilization of wastes, by‐products and co‐products in the development of a circular economy via the design...
Climate change can have a negative impact on agricultural production and food security. Vice versa, agricultural practices themselves contribute to climate change because of land, water, and energy use and anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses and waste. The European Green Deal focusses on “transition to a sustainable food system that has a...
The present study compares two protocols for the cryopreservation of chicken semen. Both protocols had an initial low cooling rate in the first step, followed by higher cooling rates around ice nucleation (Protocol 1) or following the dissipation of the latent heat of fusion (Protocol 2) in the second step. Semen ejaculates obtained from 12 rooster...
The study of bison in zoos can provide insights about the behaviour of this species with application for the management of herds held in captivity for both public display and bison farming. The aim of this study was to describe and investigate the behavioural budget of American bison in captivity, specifically focusing on how these behaviours may b...
WM Rauw, M García-Gil, O Torres, J Santiago-Moreno, A Toledano-Diaz, L Gomez-Raya, 2024. Egg production of local Spanish breeds of laying hens and their physiological stress response to heat stress. European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Florence, Italy, Session 58, Book of Abstracts page 687.
L Gomez-Raya, WM Rauw, O Torres, MG Gil, R Peíro, 2024. Next-Generation sequencing errors lessens the estimation of recent inbreeding. European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Florence, Italy, Session 31, Book of Abstracts page 429.
Resumen Un error de secuenciación ocurre cuando al ensamblar una secuencia se añade una base no real en vez de la base real. Los errores de secuenciación se estiman entre el 1 y el 0.1% del total, lo cual significa entre 1.2 y 12 millones de errores de secuenciación en el genoma de la gallina con 1.2 Gb. El gran tamaño de los genomas implica que lo...
https://www.interempresas.net/porcino/Articulos/543220-alberjones-legumbre-de-interes-para-control-de-crecimiento-en-cerdo-Iberico-cruzado.html
Sheep production enterprises are a common choice for farming in extensive conditions, leaving sheep exposed to environmental elements such as harsh climates or low-quality forage.
• It is important for animal breeding to consider adapt-ability to challenging environments in the genetic se-lection of sheep, especially given the expected effects ant...
Pig Progress 19-6-23
All About Feed 19-6-23
Poultry World 19-6-23
Environmental challenges may adversely affect poultry production. Autochthonous breeds are particularly valuable in a climate change context because of adaptation to the local environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cold stress, water restriction, and heat stress on the stress response quantified by the hetero...
Background
Failing the four-gamete test for two polymorphic DNA markers is an indication that two or three rather than four haplotypes segregate in the population. The objective of this paper is to show that when just three haplotypes are segregating, all three haplotypes can be fully and unambiguously phase-resolved.
Theory and methods
The Corner...
https://www.plataformatierra.es/innovacion/las-leguminosas-autoctonas-y-su-futuro-en-ganaderia/
Gomez Raya, L., Rauw, W.M., Hess, A., 2022. Geometry meets genomics. World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. 3-8 July 2022, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Rauw, W.M., Gil, M.G., Torres, O., Gomez-Raya, L., 2022. Genotyping errors in SNP markers: types, consequences, and a novel detection method. World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 3-8 July 2022.
Pig production systems provide multiple benefits to humans. However, the global increase in meat consumption has profound consequences for our earth, including the use of finite natural resources (land, water, and energy), pollution of watercourses, loss of biodiversity, and contribution to climate change. Pig production practices contribute to cli...
Heat stress affects pig metabolism, health and welfare, resulting in reduced growth and important economic losses. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of two climatic environments [temperate (TEMP) vs. tropical humid (TROP)] on feeding behaviour in growing pigs. The feeding behaviour traits were measured with automated feeders and...
Background
Two individuals with a first-degree relationship share about 50 percent of their alleles. Parent–offspring relationships cannot be homozygous for alternative alleles (genetic exclusion).
Methods
Applying the concept of genetic exclusion to HD arrays typed in animals for experimental purposes or genomic selection allows estimation of the...
Heat stress (HS) affects pig performance, health and welfare, resulting in a financial burden to the pig industry. Pigs have a limited number of functional sweat glands and their thermoregulatory mechanisms used to maintain body temperature, are challenged by HS to maintain body temperature. The genetic selection of genotypes tolerant to HS is a pr...
Aim of study: To evaluate the consequences for pork quality traits of replacing soybean meal with Narbon vetch in pig diets.
Area of study: Castilla-Leon, Spain.
Material and methods: 48 Duroc × Iberian barrows were fed diets with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10) and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch. Pork quality traits investigated were 1) intramu...
Background: Scales are linear combinations of variables with coefcients that add up to zero and have a similar meaning to “contrast” in the analysis of variance. Scales are necessary in order to incorporate genomic information into relationship matrices for genomic selection. Statistical and biological parameterizations using scales under difer‑
en...
https://www.plataformatierra.es/innovacion/produccion-animal-legumbres-autoctonas
Innovations in the breeding and management of pigs are needed to improve the performance and welfare of animals raised in social groups, and in particular to minimise biting and damage to group mates. Depending on the context, social interactions between pigs can be frequent or infrequent, aggressive, or non-aggressive. Injuries or emotional distre...
We investigated the ability to predict production performance in Iberian pigs in an extensive production system from measurements of feed efficiency measured intensively. The second objective of this work was to study the relationship between feed efficiency and meat quality (composition, juiciness, tenderness, color, and subcutaneous fatty acid co...
2020, Suis 169: 12-18
Las leguminosas locales (altramuz, guisante, titarro, almorta, alberjón, algarroba, etc.) son vegetales que se han empleado durante décadas para alimentar el ganado. Sin embargo, en la actualidad gran parte de ellas son cultivos marginales que urge revitalizar debido a sus características agronómicas y nutricionales. Su conten...
There is an interest in replacing soybean meal with locally produced ingredients in livestock feeds. Narbon vetch is resistant to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions, common pests, and has a favorable nutritional profile. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10), and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch on gro...
There is an urgent need to identify the effects of temperature on production traits. This study aimed to determine the impact of pig production in three environments (T°Cgrowing-°Cfattening-°Cfinishing = T24-24-21 , T19-19-19 , and T23-17-15) on growth curve parameters, body weight gain (DBWG), feed intake (DFI), and feed efficiency during the grow...
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of a dual respiratory and enteric pathogen challenge on growth performance, carcass composition, and pork quality of high and low feed efficient pigs. Pigs divergently selected for low and high residual feed intake (RFI, ~ 68 kg) from the 11th generation of Iowa State University RFI project...
Genomic information from crossbreds is routinely generated for genomic evaluations. The objective of this study is to investigate autozygosity and genetic differentiation in Landrace by Large-White breeds by using the genotypic information of SNP arrays in 1,173 crossbreds. A maximum likelihood approach was developed to estimate the probability of...
Book 157 development and overexpressed in C group, in agreement with the trend to muscle mass reduction in HF animals. LCP treatment did not affect pig growth, although nitrogen retention was diminished and muscle tended to have higher red (a) and chroma values. RNaseq revealed 26 DE genes, some related with muscle development or animal size. At si...
Spanish publication and English version
Background:
Previous studies on linkage disequilibrium have investigated second order linkage disequilibrium in animal and plant populations. The objective of this paper was to investigate the genome-wide levels of third order linkage disequilibrium in a composite line founded by admixture of four Iberian pig strains. A model for the generation of...
Selection for improved feed efficiency may reduce the ability of animals to respond to environmental challenges. Alternatively, selection may result in animals with a reduced stress response. Fifty-three crossbred Duroc × Iberian barrows were used in this study. During the fattening period, feed consumed and body weight were recorded 22 times every...
Crossbreeding is a common breeding practice to increase performance by heterosis in farm animals. The use of molecular techniques can provide new insights into conserved and diverged chromosomal regions across the genome of genetically distant breeds of swine. Autozygosity, estimated with the probability of autozygosity FL, and genetic differentiat...
Genomic BLUP (GBLUP) is a linear mixed model incorporating a marker-based genomic relationship matrix (G-matrix) instead of a relationship matrix based on a known pedigree. The G-matrix is constructed assuming that (1) the contribution of each SNP to the trait is zero (centring), (2) each SNP contributes equally to the variance of the trait (scalin...
Heat stress (HS) accounts for over $900 million loss annually in the U.S. swine industry resulting from slower growth rates, reduced feed efficiency and poor reproduction. Pigs with increased feed efficiency have lower basal metabolic rates and reduced metabolic heat production. Therefore, genetic selection for improved feed efficiency may reduce s...
Variation among families of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in growth, feed efficiency, and body weight variation was investigated. A total of 672 turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) originating from eight families (84 full-sibs per family) were used in this experiment. Body weight (BW) was recorded individually four times between approximately 250 and 370...
https://www.feednavigator.com/Article/2018/03/22/Can-European-pigs-thrive-on-local-feedstuffs-like-rapeseed-meal-and-DDGS
Feed efficiency is a vital component of animal production, characterised by productivity, profitability and sustainability. Alongside these concerns producers must, of course, be sensitive to animal welfare and environmental co...
Feed efficiency (FE) is a valuable trait, yet how genetic selection for enhanced FE affects other processes such as response to disease is unknown. Disease from endemic respiratory and enteric pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) and Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) are common in swine production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to exa...
Heat stress (HS) is one of the costliest issues in the U.S. pork industry. Aims of the present study were to determine the consequences of repeated exposure to HS on growth performance, and the effects of a high fiber diet, the genetic potential for high lean tissue accretion, and the genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI) on resilience t...
Coping styles in response to stressors have been described both in humans and in other animal species. Because coping styles are directly related to individual fitness they are part of the life history strategy. Behavioral styles trade off with other life-history traits through the acquisition and allocation of resources. Domestication and subseque...
This chapter presents an overview of the pathways through which stress may affect growth and development. We begin by going back in time to the moment that men started “one of the greatest biological experiments” (Belyaev, 1979): the domestication of animals. Domestication meant artificialselection for tame behavior with pronounced consequences for...
Pigs divergently selected for low and high residual feed intake (LRFI and HRFI, 11 th generation of ISU RFI project) were inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Lawsonia intracellularis (MhLI) at approximately 68 kg to elicit a dual respiratory and enteric health challenge. Pigs were grown to market weight (approximately 125 kg) and harvested...
The response of cultured rainbow trout to their mirrored image was investigated. Thirty fish were placed individually in two novel aquariums consecutively for 10 min each. Walls in one aquarium were covered with mirrors on all four sides, whereas the walls of the other aquarium were non-transparent black. Because all four walls were covered with mi...
Heat stress (HS) accounts for over $900 million loss in the U.S. swine industry annually due to poor reproduction, slow growth, and reduced feed efficiency. Selection for improved lean tissue growth may increase susceptibility to HS. Study objectives were to investigate the effects of genetics on growth and feed intake in response to repeated expos...
Heat stress (HS) accounts for over $900 million loss in the US swine industry annually. In addition, HS negatively impacts animal welfare. Evidence suggests that efficient, fast-growing pigs may be more susceptible to HS. Study objectives were to investigate the effects of genetics on respiration rate (RR) and skin (ST) and rectal temperatures (RT)...
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous and uninterrupted stretches of DNA sequences without heterozygosity in the diploid state. ROH can be simply detected by searching for DNA stretches of homozygous loci with genotyped information from SNP arrays. A total of 202 Landrace × Large White barrows were genotyped for the Illumina 80K array. Monomorp...
Hot temperatures negatively impact global livestock production and are a serious financial burden to pig
producers. Trends predict that global temperatures will continue to increase, making this a pertinent issue now and in the future. Study objectives were to investigate the effects of genetics and dietary fiber content on growth, feed intake, and...
Background
In most mammals, lactating mothers dramatically increase their food intake after parturition and reach a peak intake rate after a certain time while their offspring continue to grow. A common view, perpetuated by the metabolic theory of ecology, is that the allometric scaling of maternal metabolic rate with body mass limits the changes i...
It is the goal of the present Research Topic to bring together experimental and theoretical research
focusing on the genetics of welfare traits and the possibility to improve animal welfare through
selection. This topic presents an overview of the relationship between selection for high production
and livestock robustness, examples of improving rob...
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2016.00069/full