Weidong Yu

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Verified

Weidong verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor at Sun Yat-sen University

The Indonesian Seas and Surroundings (ISS) play an important role in global ocean circulation by connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the global thermohaline circulation. This region regulates the exchange of water mass, heat, salinity, and biogeochemical elements, further influencing the global climate and carbon cycle. Consequently, exten...

A prominent ocean region exhibiting depleted oxygen concentration is the northern Indian Ocean, whose projected deoxygenation trend in response to climate change requires a comprehensive understanding of the roles of ocean dynamics. We present newly compiled in situ data across platforms (e.g. cruises, Argo, buoy) in the Indonesian coasts of Sumatr...

The offshore ocean heat supplied to the Antarctic continental shelves by warm eddies has the potential to greatly impact the melting rates of ice shelves and subsequent global sea level rise. While featured in modelling and some observational studies, the processes around how these warm eddies form and overcome the dynamic sub-surface barrier of th...

Most of Australia was in severe drought from 2018 to early 2020. Here we link this drought to the Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) modes associated with Central Pacific (CP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Over the last 20 years, the occurrence frequency of CP El Niño has increased. This stud...

The Indian Ocean is the least observed of the three oceans, and a large amount of reanalysis data has to be used to study the Indian Ocean. Observations of sea surface winds, temperature, and sea level pressure, measured from Bailong real-time buoy system deployed in the western Indian Ocean, are being used to assess the capabilities of major high-...

This study presents microstructure observations on the northwestern South China Sea (nwSCS) shelf, where energetic turbulence drove a high dissipation rate on the order of 10⁻⁵ W kg⁻¹ in May 2021. Together with the hydrography and current observations, the results show a typical three-layered structure of dissipation on the shelf and reveal differe...

The atmospheric 10–20-day quasi-biweekly mode (QBWM) significantly modulates the active-break spells of the South Asian monsoon. Current knowledge, however, is limited concerning the diversity of the QBWM in the Indian Ocean (IO). Based on extended empirical orthogonal function analysis, two dominant summer modes are constructed in the IO. The firs...

As rainfed agriculture remains India’s critical source of livelihood, improving our understanding of rainy-season onset timing in the region is of great importance for a better prediction. Using a new gridded dataset of rainy season characteristics, we found a clear phase relationship between the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and the onset timing...

Internal waves (IW) are characterized by a large-amplitude, long-wave crest, and long-propagation distance. They are widespread in the global ocean. Amplitude is an essential IW parameter and is difficult to derive from the IW surface signatures in satellite images. A laboratory experiment and combined satellite/in-situ measurements were carried ou...

The classical theory predicts that a geostrophically balanced mesoscale eddy can cause a sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly related to Ekman pumping. Previous studies show that an eddy-induced SST anomaly can result in a sea surface latent heat flux (LH) anomaly at a maximum magnitude of ∼O(10) Wm–2, decaying radially outward from the center to...

Internal waves (IWs) mitigate thermal stress and provide refugia for corals against increasingly frequent mass bleaching. However, climate events may bring uncertainty regarding the resistance of such refugia. Here, using in situ observation data in the Andaman Sea (AS), we conduct a case study in which a monsoon anomaly associated with El Niño eve...

The diel vertical migration (DVM) behaviors of zooplankton and micronekton vary among species in response to diverse ambient conditions. Based on the observed mean volumes of backscattering strength (MVBS), we studied the mean features and seasonal variations of DVM in the Andaman Sea. Nocturnal-ascent DVM pattern prevailed throughout the observati...

Using 17‐year in situ buoy observations, this study investigates how sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical western Pacific Ocean is modulated by the quasi‐biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during boreal summer. The 10‐buoy mean phase‐by‐phase composites of SST indicate that SST evolution lags behind the convection cycle by approximately one qua...

The Andaman Sea (AS) is characterized by surprisingly weak stratification in its deep basin in drastic contrast to the nearby Bay of Bengal (BoB), presumably due to strong diapycnal mixing fertilized by the dissipation of internal tides. Here, we report on the first estimates of tidal mixing in the AS using idealized numerical simulations resolving...

The interannual variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean is complex and characterized by various air-sea coupled modes, which occur around El Niño/La Niña's peak phase (i.e. December–January–February, DJF). Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) develops over the tropical Indian Ocean and peaks in September–October–November (SO...

Six-month buoy-based heat flux observations from the poorly sampled tropical southeastern Indian Ocean are examined to document the extremes during three tropical cyclones (TCs) from December 2018 to May 2019. The most striking feature at the mooring site (115.2°E, 16.9°S) during the TCs is the extensively suppressed diurnal cycle of net surface fl...

The pronounced summertime quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) in the tropical northwestern Pacific usually originates from equatorial convective anomalies (ECAs) in the western Pacific. In this study, ECAs in relation to the QBWO are investigated in terms of the equatorial moisture dynamics. The results show that the development of ECAs is preconditi...

This study investigates the northward-propagating quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) in the western North Pacific by examining the composite meridional structures. Using newly released reanalysis and remote sensing data, the northward propagation is understood in terms of the meridional contrasts in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) moisture and th...

Tropical Cyclone (TC) Dahlia occurred adjacent to over the equatorial southeastern Indian Ocean during the period 26 November – 3 December, 2017 and was observed by the Bailong buoy, which provides in situ observations of high-frequency variations in the upper ocean environment. The diurnal sea surface temperature (dSST) variabilities during differ...

The Maritime Continent (MC) often exerts barrier effect on the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the strongest (weakest) effect occurs in spring (winter). After passing over the MC, the MJO slightly weakens by approximately 10% in winter and it sharply decays by more than 50% in spring. The physics for this spring bar...

A strong spring Wyrtki jet (WJ) presents in May 2013 in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. The entire buildup and retreat processes of the spring WJ were well captured by two adjacent Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers mounted on the mooring systems. The observed zonal jet behaved as one intraseasonal event with the significant features of abrupt...

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) north of Australia in the Indonesian–Australian Basin are significantly influenced by Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), an eastward-moving atmospheric disturbance that traverses the globe in the tropics. The region also has large-amplitude diurnal SST variations, which may influence the air–sea heat and moisture fluxe...

A significant sea surface temperature (SST) drop was clearly identified to be confined exactly over the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) from satellite‐derived SSTs during Typhoon Muifa's passage over the Yellow Sea (YS) in early August 2011. With a simple one‐dimensional mixed‐layer model (Price‐Weller‐Pinkel [PWP]), the mixed‐layer heat budget...

本文概略评述新中国成立70 年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团，以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强，研究领域不断拓展，涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果，其中包括：提出了被国际广泛采用的“普遍风浪谱”和“涌浪谱”，发展了第三代海浪数值模式；提出了“准调和分析方法”和“潮汐潮流永久预报”等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法；发现并命名了“棉兰老潜流”，揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等，系统描述了太平洋西边界流系；提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流)；不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统，在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流，以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的...

Measuring ocean physics and atmospheric conditions at the sea-surface has been taking place for decades in our world’s oceans. Enhancing R&D technologies developed in Federal and academic institutions and laboratories such as WHOI’s Vector Averaging Current Meter (VACM, 1970s) and NOAA – PMEL’s: Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System (ATLAS...

Climate change and variability are major societal challenges, and the ocean is an integral part of this complex and variable system. Key to the understanding of the ocean’s role in the Earth’s climate system is the study of ocean and sea-ice physical processes, including its interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, land, and biosphere. These p...

High sea surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (CHL) and intensive mesoscale eddy activity coexist near the coast of Java in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) in upwelling season (July-November). In this study, the modulation effects of mesoscale eddies on the local CHL variability are investigated by analyzing remote sensed as well as...

The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate is uniquely driven by the presence of a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds and reversing currents. The food, water, and energy security in the Indian Ocean rim countries and islands are intrinsically tied to its climate, with marine environmental g...

Plain Language Summary Despite more researches mentioned about the global warming slowdown, the extreme events like the El Niño‐South Oscillation (ENSO) happen more frequently in the real world. Previous studies proved that the ocean thermocline depth in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) is influenced by different ENSO events (El Niño and L...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) often causes the onset of the Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (IASM) over Indonesia and northern Australia. In the present study, a composite analysis is conducted to reveal the detailed IASM onset process and its air–sea interactions associated with the first-branch eastward-propagating MJO (FEMJO) based on...

Remarkable interannual variability in the thermocline depth in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) is analyzed using reanalysis data during 1980–2017. Previous studies have shown that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant relationship with thermocline depth anomalies in this region. We find that both the eastern‐Pacific (E...

Using Argo observations and Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean data sets, this study investigates the sea surface salinity (SSS) variability and its relationship with ocean dynamics in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) associated with the 2010 negative Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event. The results show that the ocean ci...

The Earth has experienced a global surface warming slowdown (GSWS) or so-called “global warming hiatus” since the end of the 20th century. The GSWS was marked by a La Niña-like decadal cooling in the Pacific Ocean that subsequently generated an increase in the transfer of Pacific waters into the Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Ho...

Globally, the highest formation rate of super tropical cyclones (TCs) occurs over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the premonsoon transition period (PMT), but TC genesis has a low frequency here. TCs have occurred over the BoB in only 20 of the past 36 years of PMTs (1981–2016). This study investigates which environmental conditions modulate TC forma...

Deadliest tropical cyclones (TCs) with category 4 or 5 intensity, which are referred to super TCs (STCs), often take place in Bay of Bengal (BoB) during pre-monsoon transition period. These STCs are often synchronized with the first-branch northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation (FNISO) over BoB, but not all TCs synchronizing with FNISO wer...

The seasonality of internal tides is particularly conspicuous in shelf seas due to the dramatical variations in the marine environment. In this paper, the seasonal and spatial variabilities of M2 internal tides in the Yellow Sea (YS) are investigated using a high‐resolution numerical ocean model. The freshwater runoff of the Yangtze River is also c...

The characteristics of currents and tidal currents in the Andaman Sea (AS) are studied during the second half of 2016 using observed data from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed at 8.6°N, 95.6°E. During the observation period, the mean flow is 5–10 cm/s and largely southward. The root mean square and kinetic energies of the...

While the effects of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), a dominant climate variability mode in the Southern Ocean, on ocean acidification have been examined using models, no consensus has been reached. Using observational data from south of Tasmania, we show that during a period with positive SAM trends, surface water pH and aragonite saturation stat...

The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) activate in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), exhibiting distinct seasonal contrasts in active regions and propagating features. The seasonal northward migration of the ISO activity initiates in spring-early summer, composed of two stages. Strong ISO activity first penetrates into the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB)...

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) summer monsoon is often triggered by northward propagating intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the eastern Indian Ocean. The timing of summer monsoon onset, with a mean date of 1 May and standard deviation of 13 days, is substantially advanced (delayed) following a cold (warm) ENSO event. In this study, the significant ENSO...

Most current climate models suffer from pronounced cloud and radiation biases in the Southern Ocean (SO) and in the tropics. Using one GFDL climate model, this study investigates the migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) with prescribed top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave radiative heating in the SO (50°-80°S) versus the southern...

Interannual variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the subtropical southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) is investigated using satellite observations in three regions in the 20°S-35°S latitude band: R1 (108°E-115°E), R2 (100°E-108°E), and R3 (60°E-100°E). The El Niño-South Oscillation (ENSO) plays an important role in modulating the interannual variab...

The Andaman Sea (AS) is a poorly observed basin, where even the fundamental physical characteristics have not been fully documented. Here, the seasonal variations of the upper ocean structure and the air-sea interactions in the central AS were studied using a moored surface buoy. The seasonal double-peak pattern of the sea surface temperature (SST)...

The subduction and export of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) supplies the upper limb of the overturning circulation and makes an important contribution to global heat, freshwater, carbon and nutrient budgets1–5. Upper ocean heat content has increased since 2006, helping to explain the so-called global warming hiatus between 1998 and 2014, with much...

The Indian Ocean witnessed a weak positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event from the boreal summer to autumn in 2015, while an extreme El Niño occurred over the tropical Pacific. This was different from the case in 1997/98, when an extreme El Niño and the strongest IOD took place simultaneously. The analysis here suggests that the unique sea surface...

Mesoscale eddies play a key role in the ocean dynamics of the Southern Ocean, and eddy response to the climate changes has also been widely noted. In the study, both eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and eddy detection algorithm are used to study the eddy properties in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Consistent with previous works, maps of EKE il...

Performances of the 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in simulating the Wyrtki Jet over the tropical Indian Ocean are evaluated, and the results show large diversity in the simulated current intensity at seasonal timescale. These coupled models are able to capture the dominant spatial distribution of observed Wyrtki Je...

Sea surface temperature (SST) reaches its annual maximum just before the summer monsoon onset and collapses soon after in the central areas of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Here, the impact of the peak in the pre-monsoon SST on triggering the earliest monsoon onset in the BoB is investigated, with a focus on the role they play in driving the first-branc...

In-situ measurement of the upper ocean velocity discloses significant abnormal behaviors of two Wyrtki Jets (WJs) respectively in boreal spring and fall, over the tropical Indian Ocean in 2013. The two WJs both occurred within upper 130 m depth and persisted more than one month. The exceptional spring jet in May was unusually stronger than its coun...

Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) products, we study the mean properties and variations of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres (SHSGs) in this paper. The results show that the gyre strengths in the SODA estimates are (55.9±9.8)×106 m3/s for the Weddell Gyre (WG), (37.0±6.4) ×106 m3/s for the Ross Gyre (RG), and (27.5±8.2)×106 m3...

Temperature inversion (TI) is a seasonal feature in the northern Bay of Bengal during winter. Based on in situ observation from Argo and RAMA buoy, general characteristics and maintenance mechanism are analyzed in the present study. During winter, TI is mostly confined in the northern bay north of 15°N, and it firstly occurs in the estuaries of Gan...

Tropical cyclone (TC) over Bay of Bengal (BoB) during its climatologic maximum peak season (October-November, post-monsoon season) exhibits a significant interannual variation between a negative Indian Ocean dipole (NIOD) and a positive IOD (PIOD) phase but not between El Niño and La Niña phase. Diagnosis of observational data reveals that the most...

Recent in situ buoy observations revealed interesting seasonal features of the diurnal sea surface temperature cycle (DSST) in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Composite analysis shows that areas away from the equator exhibit stronger seasonal variations of DSST, while weaker seasonal variations appear near the equator. The most interesting chara...

Monsoon onset vortex (OV) in the form of tropical cyclone is often observed in the pre-monsoon period and contributes to the subsequent abrupt establishment of summer monsoon over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). It is identified here that all historical OVs occurred during the convection-enhanced phase of the first northward-propagating intra-seasonal osc...

Satellite altimetry sea surface height measurements reveal high mesoscale eddy activity in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). In this study, the characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the SETIO are investigated by analyzing 564 cyclonic eddy (CE) tracks and 695 anticyclonic eddy (AE) tracks identified from a new version of satellite al...

Identification of upwelling in the Indian Ocean southwest of Java was done based on the stability of water mass through the analysis of Brunt-Väisälä frequency (BVF). The BVF can be used to identify the stability of water mass that causes vertical movement. Data from Java Upwelling Variation Observations (JUVO) Project, research cooperation between...

In this paper, we emphasize the importance of accurate initial conditions in predicting high-impact ocean-atmospheric environmental events, such as El Niño -Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), tropical cyclone (TC) and Kuroshio large meander (KLM), by reviewing recent progresses toward target observations for improving the initi...

Using observational data collected south of Tasmania during 14 austral summer cruises during 1993–2011, we examined the response of sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) shift, which occurred around 2000. In the southern part of the Southern Ocean (SO) or the Polar Zone (PZ) and the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ...

Information on changes in the oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and air–sea CO2 flux as well as on ocean acidification in the Indian Ocean is very limited. In this study, temporal changes of the inorganic carbon system in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO, 5° N–5° S, 90–95° E) are examined using partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p...

Information on changes in the oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and air–sea CO2 flux as well as on ocean acidification in the Indian Ocean is very limited. In this study, temporal changes of the inorganic carbon system in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO, 5° N–5° S, 90–95° E) are examined using partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p...

The cause of severe droughts over the Southwest China (SWC) during the local dry season is investigated based on the station rainfall data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data during 1951–2010. The droughts are in general consistent with local anomalous descent in the middle...

This study investigates distinct impacts of conventional El Ni˜no and El Ni˜no Modoki on Malaysian rainfall anomaly during the winter monsoon. Generally, during conventional El Ni˜nos, northern Borneo experiences significant rainfall deficit while over Peninsular Malaysia the impact is minimal. In contrast, most El Ni˜no Modoki events favour defici...

The analysis of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data identify an asymmetric rainfall pattern in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) between the positive and negative Indian Ocean Dipoles (IODs). During positive (negative)...

Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming may have been impacting the ocean, and, in contrast, the response of surface CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in the equatorial Indian Ocean is poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the variation of springtime sea surface pCO2 in the east equatorial Indian Ocean (5° N to 5° S along 9...

Natural modes of variability centred in the tropics, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole, are a significant source of interannual climate variability across the globe. Future climate warming could alter these modes of variability. For example, with the warming projected for the end of the twenty-first century, the m...

The performance of 21 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in the simulation of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode is evaluated. Compared to CMIP3, CMIP5 models exhibit a similar spread in IOD intensity. A detailed diagnosis was carried out to understand whether CMIP5 models have shown improvement in their representation of...