Wei Yao

Huazhong University of Science and Technology | hust · Department of Electric Power Engineering

The frequency support capability of each wind turbine (WT) within a wind farm varies based on factors such as location, wind direction, operating conditions, and wake effect. To fully utilize the frequency support capability of a wind farm, output power should be allocated to each WT based on its individual states. This article proposes a distribut...

Aiming at the transient instability and overcurrent issues of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) under severe grid voltage sag, the accurate and simultaneous control for the phase angle and current of VSG is hard to be achieved without using the fault information. And the requirement of the grid code for the reactive current should be also con...

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads, with their rapid response capabilities, can provide considerable intra-hour flexibility on the demand side for reserve provision in order to follow the fast variations of renewables. However, scheduling massive HVACs is challenging due to computation complexity and the uncertainty of outdoor...

The neighboring wind farms have great frequency support potential. The wind turbine generators (WTGs) in these wind farms are influenced by wake effects and have different frequency support capabilities. In order to fully utilize the WTGs' support capabilities under different operating states, this paper proposes a two-level distributed consensus (...

A valve-side single-phase-to-ground (VSSPG) fault in the converter station of the modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) integrated offshore wind farms causes DC overvoltage. In severe cases, it leads to MMC blocking and off-grid of the offshore wind farms. To suppress DC overvoltage, this paper first analyzes the...

Digital simulation is very important for the safe and economic operation of power systems. Power system dominant instability mode (DIM) identification is an intractable problem in large-scale transient simulation analysis, because transient instability and short-term voltage instability are often intertwined. Deep learning is a promising way to ach...

Harmonics interaction is an important factor in causing concurrent commutation failures (CCF) of multiple converter stations in multi-infeed HVDC (MI-HVDC) systems, but it was not studied sufficiently in existing literature. In this paper, the mechanism analysis and quantitative calculation of harmonic interaction are investigated. Firstly, the gen...

In hybrid energy systems, the intermittent and fluctuating nature of new energy sources poses major challenges for the regulation and control of power systems. To mitigate these challenges, energy storage devices have gained attention for their ability to rapidly charge and discharge. Collaborating with wind power (WP), energy storage (ES) can part...

With the introduction of high proportion of renewable energy and power electronic equipment, more and more complex multi-band oscillation accidents occur in power systems. Multi-band oscillations may damage power equipment and endanger the stable operation of subsystems or even the whole power system. To solve the above problems, this paper propose...

Production and consumption as a result of human demand for energy are increasing with each passing day as populations grow [...]

Decentralized energy management can preserve the privacy of individual energy systems while mitigating computational and communication burdens. However, most decentralized energy management methods are partially decentralized and cannot ensure information exchange security. Therefore, this paper provides a secure fully decentralized energy manageme...

Photovoltaic (PV) reconfiguration is an effective solution for reducing the hot spot effect caused by partial shadows on PV arrays. This paper proposed an efficient atom search optimization- (ASO-) based PV reconfiguration method. The analysis and comparison with the other four reconfiguration methods were performed by three evaluation criteria, wh...

This paper presents an open‐access Matlab/Simulink‐based power system simulation toolbox (MatPSST) for research and education. In MatPSST, dynamic modeling is implemented by Simulink. Only the initialization process is coded in Matlab. This structure makes full use of Simulink, enabling users to fully use the rich solvers and built‐in toolboxes in...

Developing an effective and reliable power flow (PF) tool is of great significance for the steady-state analysis of autonomous AC/DC hybrid microgrids (MGs). In this paper, a generalized PF model is constructed based on holomorphic embedding (HE). With a well-designed embedding technique, the nonlinear PF problem is modeled into an embedded system,...

Simulation analysis is critical for identifying possible hazards and ensuring secure operation of power systems. In practice, large-disturbance rotor angle stability and voltage stability are two frequently intertwined stability problems. Accurately identifying the dominant instability mode (DIM) between them is important for directing power system...

The valve-side ground fault in the converter station of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) is a serious threat to the security of power systems. Hence, this paper analyzes the most common single-phase-to-ground (SPG) fault characteristics of valve-side faults in onshore converter stations of MMC-HVDC integrate...

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be viewed as both electric loads and a type of mobile storage resource. Effective management and utilization of EVs can yield significant benefits for networks. This paper proposes a novel resilience enhancement method for coupled traffic-electric networks with a high penetration of EVs, incorporating two specific strate...

This paper proposes a fully distributed approximate dynamic programming (FD-ADP) algorithm framework for real-time economic dispatch of a microgrid (MG). Firstly, a modified distributed consensus-based algorithm (DCBA) framework with power restriction factors is proposed to distributedly obtain the real-time ED decision of MG containing distributed...

Onshore AC faults may cause the modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current integrated offshore wind farms (MMC-HVDC-OWF) to develop surplus power and trigger overvoltage problems. This paper proposes a dynamic reactive current optimization (DRO) strategy that combines MMC energy control capability with transient overload capabil...

Online assessment is important to guarantee the transient stability of power systems. The model-free maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) estimation approach enables accurate assessment but has time-consuming problem. This work proposes a fast online approach to transient stability assessment using Predictive Maximal Lyapunov exponent (PMLE), which sign...

To cope with onshore AC faults in modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current integrated offshore wind farms (OWF-MMC-HVDC), this paper proposes a multi-mode matching control (MMMC) approach. Mode I is active energy control. It is activated at high fault levels, when the reactive power output capability of the MMC is weak. Mode I...

In order to ensure that the wind power system (WPS) can realize maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under generator side fault, an MPPT control system with adaptive active fault tolerance capability is proposed in this paper. The basic idea of the proposed control strategy is that a perturbation term containing model uncertainties, system nonlinear...

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) have received widespread attention for their abundant unexploited wind energy potential and convenient locations conditions. They are rapidly developing towards having large capacity and being located further away from shore. It is thus necessary to explore effective power transmission technologies to connect large OWFs t...

The large deviations between the partial pressure of oxygen and hydrogen can lead to severe membrane damage, which reduces the life of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The deviation of pressure can be restrained by effective control of partial pressure. Considering the actual operating environment of PEMFC, its control system is...

Solar energy loss of the large-scale PV power plant (LPVPP) caused by partial shading can be mitigated by unit-level DC optimizers (DCO). This paper presents a novel DCO-based decentralized control (DBDC) scheme for an LPVPP to provide active frequency support without equipping energy storage. The proposed DBDC scheme consists of two levels: the pl...

The production efficiency and optimal control of wave energy converter (WEC) array are mainly based on array layout, thus it is crucial to establish a reliable mathematical model for the WEC array layout optimization. So far, a lot of research has been done on the modeling and methods of WEC array layout optimization. However, the existing reviews...

This paper proposes a real-time joint regulating reserve deployment (RRD) model of electric vehicles (EVs) and coal-fired generators (CGs) considering EV battery degradation. The superiority of the proposed model lies in the integration of the EVs’ fast regulation speed and CGs’ large regulation capacity. The whole optimization model is formulated...

Transient stability analysis is a crucial tool for evaluating stability and ensuring safe operation of power systems. Among existing methodologies for transient stability analysis, direct methods show merits in performing fast contingency screening and providing quantitative information for the degree of stability. However, the inherent conservatis...

This paper proposes a real-time schedule model of a microgrid (MG) for maximizing battery energy storage (BES) utilization. To this end, a BES life model is linearized using piece-wise linearization and big-M method to assess the BES life loss (BLL) in a real-time manner. The cost-effective schedule model of the MG with multiple energy resources ai...

Digital simulation is significant for the operating mode and control decision-making of power systems. In the process of simulation data analysis, stability analysis is an essential part. One of the most challenging tasks is to distinguish between transient rotor angle instability and short-term voltage instability. This paper proposes a graph atte...

Since the cyber attack on the communication network will deteriorate the performance of wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) or even cause instability, many resilient WADCs are developed to mitigate the adverse influence of cyber attacks recently. However, there is a lack of quantitative indexes to guide the controller design in order to achieve t...

Commutation failure (CF) is the main fault type in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line commutated converters. To mitigate CFs, considerable researches have been done either in modelling or control methods. However, with the operation of more and more large-capacity HVDC projects, the coupling characteristics between HVDC and power...

Integrating natural gas and electricity systems increases system flexibility for the accommodation of the large penetration level of renewable energy and thus achieves decarbonization in the energy system. This paper aims at providing non-iterative and scalable decentralized energy management for multi-integrated natural gas-electricity systems wit...

The construction of the multi-energy system (MES) is regarded as one of the silver bullets that help construct a low-carbon and high-efficiency energy system. In addition to the synergy of multiple energy systems, the coordination of regional and district energy systems can further improve flexibility. However, current studies rarely focus on the j...

Commutation failure (CF) is an inherent drawback of line-commutated converter high-voltage DC (LCC-HVDC) system. And CF prevention (CFPREV) control is widely applied in UHVDC lines to mitigate the subsequent CF. However, the formation of a multi-infeed UHVDC system induces power exchange and voltage interaction between AC buses during the transient...

The distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) technology, based on a DC optimizer (DCO, a DC/DC micro-converter) for each single photovoltaic (PV) panel, is one of the most popular solutions to mitigating the waste of solar energy when suffering mismatch conditions. However, the trade-off between the additional costs of deploying the panel-l...

With the increasing requirements of power supply quality and operation economy of the microgrid in smart grid field, real-time energy scheduling methods that highly rely on the cyber system are inevitable supports for the optimal operation of microgrids. As a typical cyber-physical system, the disturbance and failure on the cyber side may make the...

Commutation failure is one of the most common faults in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Subsequent commutation failures (SCFs) caused by commutation failure will cause large voltage and current swing. Several SCFs may cause DC transmission power interruption, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of AC/DC h...

This paper proposes a multi-dimensional approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm for the real-time schedule of integrated heat and power system (IHPS) with battery and heat storage tank (HST). The multi-time period optimization problem is reformulated under the Markov Decision Process. The high dimensional state variables are aggregated into...

The information and communication technology enhances the performance and efficiency of cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs). However, it makes the topology of CPPSs more exposed to malicious cyber attacks in the meantime. This article proposes a double deep-Q-network (DDQN)-based resilience assessment method for power systems under sequential atta...

Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) connected with offshore wind farms could suffer serious challenge: surplus power of MMC-HVDC caused by AC fault in onshore power grid. This paper proposes an active energy control (AEC) scheme for converter stations utilizing MMC sub-module capacitance. It can be used to acti...

This paper proposes an adaptive dual droop control (ADDC) scheme, it can provide the disturbed asynchronous system with fast frequency support from both other undisturbed asynchronous systems, and voltage source converter-based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) integrated offshore wind farms (OWFs). With conventional droop control at onshore...

Correlations help narrow the uncertainty region in robust unit commitment (RUC) of power systems for economic improvement, yet in high-dimensional cases, state-of-the-art full-dimensional correlation (FDC) based uncertainty set methods suffer from either conservativeness or computational burden. This article proposes the novel partial-dimensional c...

This paper proposes a distributed cooperative control (DCC) scheme of offshore wind farms (OWFs) integrated via the multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) system for fast frequency support. The DCC scheme employs the consensus algorithm to share the frequency support burden among offshore wind turbines (WTs) suitably. The proposed DCC scheme can expl...

To reduce the adverse influence of communication time delay, the DC voltage of offshore converters is usually employed as input signals of existing communication-free frequency support schemes of offshore wind farms (OWFs). However, the offshore DC voltage varies with the output power of OWFs, this distortion will deteriorate the frequency support...

Load frequency control (LFC) of modern power systems tends to employ open communication networks to transmit measurement/control signals, which makes the LFC scheme more vulnerable to random time delays and time delay attacks. In this paper, a resilient and active time-delay-compensation-based LFC scheme is proposed to compensate the random time de...

The coupling systems formed by wind power, photovoltaics, and thermal generators possess broad application prospects. To build grid-friendly renewable energy stations, active frequency support control (AFSC) is adopted. There are potential risks on subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) dominated by the phase-locked loop (PLL) based photovoltaic consider...

The growing risk of cyber attacks targeting wide-area damping control (WADC) has spawned much research on designing attack-resilient controllers recently. However, the issue of attack strength did not get enough attention so that most existing resilient WADCs may fail to defend strong attacks. To address this problem, this paper proposes a multiple...

Renewables, widely regarded as the predominant energy in the future, have primary responsibility for future power supply adequacy and thus are becoming the main flexibility demander considering their self-induced uncertainties. This paper proposes a novel storage right-based hybrid discrete-time and continuous-time (HT) flexibility trading between...

With the expansion of power system simulation scale, intelligent stability analysis based on simulation data becomes more and more important. However, the changeable operating conditions and fault conditions will seriously affect the performance of the intelligent analysis model. This paper proposes an advanced unsupervised transfer learning (UTL)...

Deep learning (DL) is a useful tool for power system stability assessment (PSSA) and dominant instability mode (DIM) identification. However, when faced with operational variability, the performance of DL models degrades. This paper proposes a bidirectional active transfer learning (Bi-ATL) framework for more adaptive PSSA and DIM identification, w...

Power flow (PF) calculation plays a fundamental role in the steady-state analysis of isolated microgrids (MGs). In this paper, a novel analytical PF algorithm based on holomorphic embedding (HE) is proposed for isolated AC MGs considering hierarchical control (HC). With a deliberate design in embedding technique, the presented algorithm not only in...

Although the harmonics interaction plays a vital role in causing commutation failure (CF) in an ultra HVDC (UHVDC) system with hierarchical connection, it has not been sufficiently considered in previous work. In this paper, the electric interaction among the inverter valves of the UHVDC system with hierarchical connection during receiving system f...

Since the wide application of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), the power grid faces great challenges in the safe and stable operation due to their limited thermal capacity and weak anti-disturbance ability. During transient period, for example, a fault occurs in the transmission line, the VSG may lose the transient angle stability and provoke...

The growing penetration of hydrogen vehicles and modern energy conversion technologies strengthen the coupling of transportation and energy networks. This paper proposes a hydrogen supply infrastructure planning model for the integration of hydrogen vehicles and renewable energy. To flexibly meet the energy demand of hydrogen vehicles, the proposed...

Large-scale integrated energy systems often encompass several subsystems divided by geographic areas. Coordinated operation of multi-area integrated energy systems can enhance operational flexibility, which is crucial for systems with high wind power penetration. Traditional centralized methods have some inherent defects, such as privacy protection...

The contribution of SMES to power system stability enhancement highly depends on the design of the controller. So in this chapter, we give two instances on this topic, addressing complementary control issues brought by increasing renewables in modern power system and limited capacity of SMES. To implement these control strategies in the real‐world...

Natural disasters such as major storms or hurricanes can seriously threaten the resilience of large and coupled infrastructures such as power distribution and transportation systems. This paper proposes a planning (i.e., investment + operation) method for presenting the enhanced resilience of coupled transportation and power distribution systems. T...

Energy hub (EH) has attracted worldwide appeals and shows broad prospects in promoting high-level renewable energy integration as well as supplying various loads with high flexibility. Although the cooperation of multiple EHs will further improve the flexibility and economy, how to allocate the payoff fairly and convincingly remains challenged. To...

The uncertainties from distributed energy resources (DERs) bring significant challenges to the real-time operation of microgrids. In addition, due to the nonlinear constraints in the AC power flow equation and the nonlinearity of the battery storage model, etc., the optimization of the microgrid is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) prob...