Wayne H. Slade

Verified

Wayne verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Wayne verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• Ph.D. Oceanography, M.S. Electrical Engineering
• Research Professor (Associate) at Florida Atlantic University

In many environments a large portion of particulate material is contained in aggregated particles; however, there is no validated framework to describe how aggregates in the ocean scatter light. Here we present the results of two experiments aiming to expose the role that aggregation plays in determining particle light scattering properties, especi...

Optical sensors have distinct advantages when used in ocean observatories, autonomous platforms, and on vessels of opportunity, because of their high-frequency measurements, low power consumption, and the numerous established relationships between optical measurements and biogeochemical variables. However, the issues of biofouling and instrument st...

The ability to estimate mean particle size using simple, low-power optical instruments promises to greatly expand coverage of particle size measurements in the ocean and advance understanding of myriad processes from sediment transport to biological carbon sequestration. Here we present a method for estimating the mean diameter of particles in susp...

Measurements of the particulate beam attenuation coefficient at multiple wavelengths in the ocean typically exhibit a power law dependence on wavelength, and the slope of that power law has been related to the slope of the particle size distribution (PSD), when assumed to be a power law function of particle size. Recently, spectral backscattering c...

Suspended particle size and concentration are critical parameters necessary to understand water quality, sediment dynamics, carbon flux, and ecosystem dynamics among other ocean processes. In this study we detail the integration of a Sequoia Scientific, Inc., Laser In situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) sensor into a Teledyne Webb Research...

The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) comprises a set of physical and biological processes that impact how carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, the land, and the ocean. Sinking particles, such as “marine snow,” are a key mechanism of the BCP, where the depth of remineralization of carbon from these particles governs the extent to which ca...

This study presents in situ, high-resolution optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSD) within sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype deep seabed nodule collector vehicle operating in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. These measurements were obtained using a cutting-edge instrument, the LISST-RTSSV sensor. The data collected in situ r...

Accurately measuring in-water absorption and backscattering, along with coincident in-situ and satellite-measured radiometry, is key to (1) refining and calibrating algorithms used by hyperspectral satellite missions such as NASA PACE to produce ocean color products such as phytoplankton community composition and (2) subsequently validating these d...

Measuring sinking particles in the ocean is critical to the study of the ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP), especially as it relates to proposed marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategies, such as iron fertilization or ocean alkalinity enhancement, that aim to alter carbon cycling processes in the ocean. The flux of carbon between the atmos...

Autonomous sensors for gravitational carbon flux in the ocean are critically needed, because of uncertainties in the projected response of the biological carbon pump (BCP) to climate change, and the proposed, engineered acceleration of the BCP to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean. Optical sediment trap (OST) sensors directly sense fluxes of sin...

Results and key insights are presented from in situ, high-resolution optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSD) for sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype deep seabed nodule collector vehicle operating in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. The data show marked differences compared to previously reported laboratory-based, ex situ measur...

Autonomous sensors for gravitational carbon flux in the ocean are critically needed, because of uncertainties in the projected response of the biological carbon pump (BCP) to climate change, and the proposed, engineered acceleration of the BCP to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean. Optical sediment trap (OST) sensors directly sense fluxes of sin...

The biological carbon pump consists of processes that transfer organic carbon into the ocean interior: the gravitational sinking of particulate detritus from the biologically-productive surface into deep waters; the activities of animals capable of moving large vertical distances in the ocean; the physical motions of seawater. We are working to dev...

While recent research has provided increasing insight into ocean ecosystem functions and rapidly improving predictive ability, it has become clear that for some key processes, including grazing by zooplankton, there simply is no currently available instrumentation to quantify relevant stocks and rates, remotely or in situ. When measurement capacity...

Cell abundances of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and autotrophic picoeukaryotes were estimated in surface waters using principal component analysis (PCA) of hyperspectral and multispectral remote-sensing reflectance data. This involved the development of models that employed multilinear correlations between cell abundances across the Atlantic Oce...

This protocol discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge on how to conduct optical measurements using flow through system.

Presentation made during breakout session on Emerging Technologies in Ocean Color. Topics: (1) overview of a design for a hyperspectral backscattering sensor (HyperBb), and (2) commercially-available LISST-VSF angular volume scattering function sensor. Also includes points for discussion during session. [https://iocs.ioccg.org/wp-content/uploads/20...

High spatial and temporal resolution estimates of the particle size distribution (PSD) in the surface ocean can enable improved understanding of biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics. Oceanic PSD measurements remain rare due to the time-consuming, manual sampling methods of common particle sizing instruments. Here, we evaluate the utility of measu...

Comprehensive polarimetric closure is demonstrated using observations from two in-situ polarimeters and Vector Radiative Transfer (VRT) modeling. During the Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) campaign, the novel CCNY HyperSAS-POL polarimeter was mounted on the bow of the R/V Endeavor and acquired hyperspectral measurements from just above t...

Phytoplankton community composition in the ocean is complex and highly variable over a wide range of space and time scales. Able to cover these scales, remote-sensing reflectance spectra can be measured both by satellite and by in situ radiometers. The spectral shape of reflectance in the open ocean is influenced by the particles in the water, main...

Abrasion of turbines by sediments is a constant threat in high head and high sediment load situations. It is widely recognized that larger grains cause abrasion, although no consensus on a critical size exists. Grain hardness plays a second key role. Thus monitoring of sediment concentration is highly desirable, particularly with attention paid to...

Many optical and biogeochemical data sets, crucial for algorithm development and satellite data validation, are collected using underway seawater systems over the course of research cruises. Phytoplankton and particle size distribution (PSD) in the ocean is a key measurement, required in oceanographic research and ocean optics. Using a data set col...

Beam attenuation coefficient, c, provides an important optical index of plankton standing stocks, such as phytoplankton biomass and total particulate carbon concentration. Unfortunately, c has proven difficult to quantify through remote sensing. Here, we introduce an innovative approach for estimating c using lidar depolarization measurements and d...

Measurements of the volume scattering function (VSF) of hydrosols is of primary importance to investigate the interaction of light with hydrosols and to further interpret in situ and remote sensing data of ocean color. In this paper, a laboratory inter-comparison experiment of three recently developed VSF meters that are able to measure the scatter...

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) was a global survey of ocean ecosystems aboard the Sailing Vessel Tara. It carried out extensive measurements of evironmental conditions and collected plankton (viruses, bacteria, protists and metazoans) for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are...

The predominant use of theoretical models for angular light scattering due to particles is largely due to limited number of actual measurements. Measuring the angular scattering is difficult due to the wide dynamic range of intensity as a function of angle, as well as variability across particle types and environments. The present work continues on...

A dataset consisting of AC-S measurements of (hyper-) spectral particulate absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients were obtained from measurements performed on the flow-through system of the R/V Tara during its 2.5-year long expedition. The AC-S instruments were robust, working continuously with weekly maintenance for about 3 months at...

The Dead Sea, located in the rift valley between Jordan and Israel, is a hypersaline lake, resulting in unique biogeochemistry and optical properties. In the spring of 2004 we conducted two days of physical and optical measurements in the lake. Because of the significant effect of dissolved salts on the optical properties of water, our analysis req...

Benthic coverage of the invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum on Georges Bank is largely unknown. Monitoring of D. vexillum coverage is vital to understanding the impact this invasive species will have on the productive fishing grounds of Georges Bank. Here we investigate using reflectance spectroscopy as a method for remote identification of D. vexi...

The Dead Sea, a hyper-saline lake in the rift valley between Jordan and Israel, is an extreme body of water in many ways. In particular, its salinity is extremely high, resulting in unique biogeochemistry and optical properties. In the spring of 2004 we conducted two days of physical and optical measurements in the lake measuring temperature, filte...

Particulate matter in the ocean is ubiquitous, ranging in size from submicron colloids to large marine snow aggregates. Particle size and dynamics play major roles in---and are reflective of---many marine processes, ranging from ocean-basin scale phytoplankton blooms to sediment transport in coastal regions. The use of optical sensing techniques su...

Particle aggregation in the ocean is a common phenomenon that has significant implications for measuring particle concentration and particle dynamics. It is recognized (Hatcher, 2001 & Boss et al., 2009) that flocculated particles compromise certain optical measurements, but there is disagreement over the extent that aggregation affects the acousti...

Over the last three decades, aggregation of aquatic particles has received a great deal of attention across multiple oceanographic disciplines, owing especially to its role in particle fluxes and microbial ecology. Concurrently, the field of ocean optics has emerged with measurement systems covering time and space scales ranging from traditional sh...

The light scattering properties of oceanic particles have been suggested as an alternative index of phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), with the benefit of being less sensitive to physiological forcings (e.g., light and nutrients) that alter the intracellular pigment concentrations. The drawback of particulate scattering...

Marine aggregates, agglomerations of particles and dissolved materials, are an important particulate pool in aquatic environments, but their optical properties are not well understood. To improve understanding of the optical properties of aggregates, two related studies are presented. In the first, an in situ manipulation experiment is described, i...

The beam attenuation serves as a proxy for particulate matter and is a key parameter in visibility algorithms for the aquatic environment. It is well known, however, that the beam attenuation is a function of the acceptance angle of the transmissometer used to measure it. Here we compare eight different transmissometers with four different acceptan...

Light scattering properties of oceanic particles have been suggested as an alternative index of phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), with the benefit of being less sensitive to physiological forcings (e.g., light and nutrients) that alter the intracellular pigment concentrations. The drawback of particulate scattering is...

The physical nature of particles, such as size, shape, and composition govern their angular light scattering, which is described by the volume scattering function (VSF). Despite the fact that the VSF is one of the most important inherent optical properties, it has rarely been measured in aquatic environments since no commercial instrument exists to...

Remote sensing observations provide a new global perspective of the Earth environment. Measurements from airborne and space borne sensor systems help scientists gain a better understanding of the complex interactions between the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, ice regions and land surfaces, as well as human-induced change due to population growth and h...

Includes vita. Thesis (M.S.) in Elecrtical Engineering--University of Maine, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-83).

Inversion of ocean color reflectance measurements can be cast as an optimization problem, where particular parameters of a forward model are optimized in order to make the forward-modeled spectral reflectance match the spectral reflectance of a given in situ sample. Here, a simulated ocean color dataset is used to test the capability of a recently...

Inversion of ocean color reflectance measurements can be cast as an optimization problem, where certain parameters of a forward model are optimized in order to make the forward modelled spectral reflectance match the spectral reflectance of a given in situ sample. A simulated ocean color dataset is used to test the capability of a recently introduc...

In this paper, neural network-based methods incorporating ensemble learning techniques are presented that estimate chlorophyll α (chl α) concentration in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine (GOM). A dataset was constructed consisting of in situ chl measurements from the GOM matched with satellite data from the sea-viewing wide-field-of-view sen...