Warda Qamar

• Research Associate at University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Objective Alveolar echinococcosis is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasite of zoonotic significance with a wide range of intermediate and final hosts, and the parasite survives successfully in diversified conditions. Plentiful studies have been done to study the genetic structure of the population of the parasite and the level of intima...

Helminths are considered a significant threat to the livestock industry, as they cause substantial economic losses in small and large ruminant farming. Their morbidity and mortality rates are also increasing day by day as they have zoonotic importance. Anthelmintic drugs have been used for controlling these parasites; unfortunately, due to the deve...

Cryptosporidium is a primary cause of waterborne epidemics, despite being previously considered only an opportunistic pathogen. The disease is associated with significant economic losses in humans and animals that are brought on by diarrhea, which frequently causes dehydration. Contact with diseased people or animals, as well as polluted water, is...

Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases infecting almost all ruminants, including cows, buffalo, sheep, and goats. Coccidiosis is caused by the genus Eimeria, which are host-specific obligate intestinal parasites. These are found almost all over the world and cause infections leading to mortalities and morbidities. Coccidiosis is usuall...

Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious gram-positive bacterium that presents life threatening consequences by affecting both humans and animals. Methicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic that is used as an antibacterial, especially for S. aureus and infections caused by S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant as a significant risk to world health, S. au...

Monieziasis is a parasite-borne production-limiting disease of livestock. Moniezia expansa is the most important species having cosmopolitan distribution. Despite of numerous prevalence reports, very little information is available about the evolutionary biology and population genetics of M. expansa. To close this research gap, this study was under...

72 broiler chicks were purchased and there reared for an anticoccidial trial. They were divided into 6 equal groups and given the experimental infection of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria orally on the 7th day of their age except for one group, which was no-infected control. Three groups were given the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare @ 1, 2, a...

Trichinella spiralis, the roundworm that causes trichinellosis, is a major global health issue. The main way that the disease is spread is by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected livestock, and wild boars are increasingly playing a role in spreading epidemics. Numerous symptoms, such as myocardial infarction, stomach discomfort, and neurolo...

Rodents are one of the most abundant and successful mammals on the planet. The rats harbor the metacestode stage of Hydatigera taeniaeformis serving as the intermediate hosts, whereas cats act as definitive hosts of the parasite. The incidence of the larval stage in rats has been documented in various regions of the world. To best of our knowledge,...

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode leading to heavy economic setbacks to the livestock sector globally. The population’s genetic information and intimate kinship level are frequently assessed using analysis of mitochondrial DNA. In this analysis, we retrieved cox1 (n = 247) and nad1 (n = 357) sequences of F. hepatica from the NCBI GenBank database an...

Lymphatic filariais, a debilitating disease which is caused by parasitic worms and transmits by bite of a mosquito. The epidemiology of the disease refers to the certain environment conditions which promote the breeding of mosquitos’ carrying the LF disease. There is High risk population and socioeconomic impacts that have increased the prevalence...

Worldwide, microbial infections have a serious impact because they cause infectious diseases, death, and significant economic losses. Zoonosis is now a major public health issue on a global scale because of the fast expansion of human exploitation of nature and animal husbandry. Notably, in the past 30 years, over 30 novel human infections have bee...

Parasitic diseases causing considerable losses are one of the most common infections in humans, animals, and birds. This review emphasizes the devastation of the poultry industry by parasites and the use of bioactive components of plants as an alternative to control the damage. Synthetic medicines that are used in poultry as anthelmintic lead to th...

The larval forms of taeniid cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus are the source of the zoonotic infection known as echinococcosis. Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis are caused by Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus (s. s) respectively. It is endemic in several regions of the world. In this systematic review, we describe...

Poultry is the second largest industry among the world`s various industries. This industry is highly affected by “salmonellosis” causing clinical signs like diarrhea, inappetence, vomiting, and sometimes death. This disease is becoming deadly due to antibiotic resistance which has been curtained as a worldwide security risk. Probiotics are microbes...

Third-world countries have a higher prevalence of food-related disorders than developed nations. Millions of people in underdeveloped countries are seriously at risk from the potential water supply contamination with protozoan diseases. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important protozoans causing diseases in livestock and humans. Despite the standa...

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease of livestock having serious economic setbacks. The etiological agents of the disease belong to Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Despite of worldwide distribution of the disease, the molecular studies mainly employ amplification of cox1, nad1 and nad5 genes. To further strengthen the knowledge about sig...

Parasitic infestations are one of the major threats to the livestock industry in Pakistan. These have a negative impact on the production of domesticated livestock species. Paramphistomes belong to the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and are involved in infecting ruminants all over the world. To date, there was no information on mitochondrial DNA-bas...

The organic and inorganic constituents present in cystic fluid play a crucial role in the physiology, metabolism and immune responses mediated by taeniids. We designed a comparative study on T. hydatigena and E. granulosus cysts based on biochemical profile. In the present study, we aspirated fluid from Taenia hydatigena (n=30) and Echinococcus gra...

Echinococcosis is a serious public health issue that affects people and livestock all over the world. Many synthetic and natural products have been examined in vitro and in vivo on Echinococcus species but only a few are used clinically, however, they may cause some complications and side effects. To overcome these limitations, new horizons of herb...

This study was carried out to report prevalence of Babesia ( B. ) bigemina and Theileria ( T. ) annulata in cattle and water-buffalo (WB) from southern sandy zone (SSZ), central plain zone (CPZ), and northern arid zone (NAZ) of Pakistan in relation with breed, sex, age, housing system, season and feed. Towards this end, 6,510 blood samples (n = 2,1...

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a neglected zoonosis that affects humans and livestock. This sero-survey was designed for the first time in Pakistan to assess the exposure of butchers to E. granulosus as there was no previous report in the country for this occupational group. Methodology: Blood samples we...

Hydatigera taeniaeformis formerly referred to as Taenia taeniaeformis is a cestode of cats (definitive hosts) and rodents (intermediate hosts). The prevalence of the metacestode larval stage has been reported in rodents in many parts of the world even though the genetic polymorphisms or intraspecies variation is still understudied. Here, we report...

Coenurus cerebralis is the larval stage of Taenia multiceps commonly found in the brain (cerebral form), intramuscular and subcutaneous tissues (non-cerebral form) of ungulates. Globally, few reports exist on the molecular characterization and genetic diversity of C. cerebralis with none available for Pakistan. The current study molecularly charact...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a World Health Organization (WHO)-listed neglected tropical farm economy jeopardizing and public health concern disease. This study was aimed at furnishing sero-epidemiological baseline data of CE in sheep in Pakistan, where data are non-existent. For this purpose, two sheep-rich provinces of Pakistan were selected, an...

In recent years, the roundworm Ascaridia galli has been found to be the most common poultry parasite, with 64.8% prevalence in flocks globally. It causes a 60–84% decrease in egg and meat production. Profitability is reduced without proper control of A. galli, and a wide range of chemically synthetic anthelmintics are commonly used. Emergence of dr...

Taenia hydatigena is a cestode of veterinary importance. Infection with the metacestode larval stage results in cysticercosis, which poses a serious challenge to the livestock industry worldwide. Globally, there are numerous reports on cysticercosis caused by T. hydatigena in sheep and goat but a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic diversity...

Theileriosis is an intracellular parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical countries and acts as a potential killer causing major constraint on animal’s productions leading to high morbidities and even mortalities. This review presents the actual status of Bovine Theileriosis (BTH) and their associated risk factors in Pakistan, China, India, Ir...

In an era of drug resistance, new medicinal plants are being evaluated for the control of parasites. In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of the extract of herbal complex (HC) is composed of four herbs (Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum Verum, Rosmarinus Officinalis, and Capsicum annum) was assessed against eggs and adult Haemonchus (H.) cont...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, and sometimes death. The virus also affects several wild small ruminant species. Cattle, buffalo, and pigs are only sub clinically infected. People are not at risk. The disease is of heav...