Walter Y.H. Lam

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Verified

Walter verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• BDS, MDS (Pros), AdvDipProsth PhD (HKU), FHKAM (Dent Surgery), FCDSHK (Pros), MFDS RCSEd, MPros RCSEd, FDS RCSEd, MFDS RCPSG, FDS RCPSG, FRACDS FHEA
• Professor (Associate) at The University of Hong Kong

Objective Provisional removable partial denture (RPD) preserves esthetic and functional parameters until definitive treatment. This clinical report presents a 19‐year‐old victim of a road traffic accident who lost the maxillary right central and lateral incisors. Clinical Considerations A 3D printed maxillary provisional RPD planned using a virtua...

The dimensional accuracy of digitally processed inlays is often questioned because of inherent manufacturing inconsistencies associated with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). This study aimed to compare the absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), marginal gap (MG), internal gap (IG), and overall discrepancy (OD) of three-dimensional (...

Objectives: Periodontal disease is a significant public health concern among older adults due to its relationship with tooth loss and systemic health disease. However, there are numerous barriers that prevent older adults from receiving routine dental care, highlighting the need for innovative screening tools at the community level. This pilot stud...

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to learn and predict the maxillomandibular relationship, particularly when the number of occluding teeth pairs is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of training a new two-stage coarse-to-fine teeth alignment pipeline AI system in predicting maxillomandibular relationships...

This novel hybrid single-double-single barrel (1-2-1) design for fibula free flap reconstruction addresses the unique challenges presented by Brown Class III mandibular defects, which involve long-span defects at both bodies of the mandible and the chin. The importance of this design lies in its ability to overcome the limitations of traditional ap...

Objectives To investigate the preventive and discoloring effects of a single and two weekly applications of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against dentin erosion. Materials and methods 180 dentin blocks were divided into four groups. Group 1 (SDF2) received two weekly applications of 38% SDF. Group 2 (SDF1) received a single application of 38%...

This narrative review aims to provide an update on caries risk assessment (CRA) and the available CRA tools. CRA can be used to monitor the status of oral care, as well as for documentation and research purposes. Caries risk is determined by the interplay of risk and protective factors. Common risk factors include suboptimal oral hygiene practices,...

Purpose: With the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry, it is feasible to self-monitor oral health using Oral Health AI Advisors (OHAI Advisors). This technological advancement offers the potential for early detection of oral diseases and facilitates early prevention. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectivenes...

Objectives: Maintenance of oral muscle functions is important for survival and communication. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a self-health-management material has shown promise. Here we developed a functional and AI-enabled smartphone e-Oral APP that provided real-time feedback features to let humans collaborate with AI, targeting to imp...

https://hkideas.org/index/congress-programme/poster

https://hkideas.org/index/congress-programme/poster

The World Health Organization (WHO) has added glass ionomer cement (GIC) to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines since 2021, which represents the most efficacious, safe and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions. With the potential increase in the use of GIC, this review aims to provide an overview of the clinical application of GIC...

Introduction: Case-based learning (CBL) effectively bridges theory and practice in dental education. In prosthodontics, dental prosthesis design requires considering various factors. Traditional mechanical articulators have limitations in providing accurate 3D face-teeth information. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual patient models (VPM) offer enhance...

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.002 Dear Editor, Thank you for allowing us to respond to the letter written on the "Performance of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Dental Licensing Examinations". We would like to express our gratitude to Hinpetch Daungsupawong and Viroj Wiwanitkit for their interest and comments. We are pleased to a...

Objectives Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), including large language models (LLMs), has vast potential applications in health care and education. However, it is unclear how proficient LLMs are in interpreting written input and providing accurate answers in dentistry. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of GenAI in answering quest...

Recent years have seen an increase in interest in the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) across all fields of science. AI is a general term that refers to the ability of a machine to learn and react in the same way that a human does. AI-based systems are trained to perform a variety of tasks rationally without the need for specific program...

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the evidence relating to artificial intelligence-assisted oral health monitoring using smartphone selfie photography for better oral health. Methods: A broad literature search was performed across four electronic databases using a standardised search strategy. Screening and reporting followed th...

Objectives: Generative artificial intelligence (AI), including Natural Language Processing (NLP) and its specific application Large Language Models (LLM), has recently experienced remarkable development and popularity. Patients may seek advice by inputting their conditions into LLM. The accuracy of LLM in interpreting written input and providing ac...

Using an AI-powered mHealth system on smartphones is an accurate and well-accepted approach to identifying and managing gum inflammation among older adults in a community setting. It has the potential to bridge the gap in access to dental care.

Periodontal disease is a prevalent human disease that significantly impacts oral and general health, well-being, and quality of life, particularly among older adults. Limited access to dental care exacerbates the problem. Using an AI-powered mHealth system on smartphones is an accurate and well-accepted approach to identifying and managing gum in...

The advance in digital diagnostic technologies has significantly facilitated the detection of dental caries. Despite the increase in clinically available digital diagnostic aids for dental caries, there is yet to be a comprehensive summary of all available technology. This review aims to provide an overview of digital diagnostic aids for the clinic...

Statement of problem Digital workflows for digital complete denture fabrication have a variety of clinical and laboratory procedures, but their outcomes and associated complications are currently unknown. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory procedures for digital complete dentures, their outcome...

Statement of problem. Digital workflows for digital complete denture fabrication have a variety of clinical and laboratory procedures, but their outcomes and associated complications are currently unknown. Purpose. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory procedures for digital complete dentures, their ou...

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of corrective surgical treatment for craniofacial asymmetry using four different methods with the aim of developing the best technique for craniofacial asymmetry assessment. Materials and methods: CBCT images of twenty-one class III subjects with surgically corrected craniofacial asymmetry and twenty-one matc...

Oral diseases are largely preventable. However, as the number of older adults is expected to increase, along with the high cost and various barriers to seeking continuous professional care, a sustainable approach is needed to assist older adults in maintaining their oral health. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies may facilitate oral disease preve...

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the colour accuracy of digital photographs captured by a single-lens reflex (SLR) camera and a smartphone camera in a clinical setting. Methods: Dentate subjects were recruited, and their maxillary anterior teeth were photographed along with a colour target and a dental shade guide. There were eight gr...

Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque is important to evaluate the denture hygiene of denture wearers, particularly to prevent plaque biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to revi...

Objective: Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent plaque-initiated dental diseases globally. It is challenging to maintain satisfactory plaque control without continuous professional advice. AI may be used to provide automated visual plaque control advice based on intraoral photographs. The objective of this study was to develop and to validate a...

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated teledentistry research with great interest reflected in the increasing number of publications. In many countries, teledentistry programs were established although not much is known about the extent of incorporating teledentistry into practice and healthcare systems. This study aimed to report on policies a...

Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent plaque-initiated dental diseases in Hong Kong and globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to provide automated visual plaque control advice based on intraoral photographs. We report a novel AI system that may be used on mobile devices, such as smartphones, to assist the community in locating the a...

This article describes implant-supported dentures and their impact on the general health and well-being of elderlies.

Objectives Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent plaque-initiated dental diseases globally. It is challenging to maintain satisfactory plaque control without continuous professional advice. Artificial intelligence may be used to provide automated visual plaque control advice based on intraoral photographs. Methods Frontal view intraoral photogra...

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in dental restorative procedures have significantly developed over recent years. However, there is a lack of documentation regarding the types of AI used in tooth reconstruction. Types of Studies Reviewed Studies using AI in tooth reconstruction were electronically searched over three databases...

Objective: To develop an antimicrobial silver zeolite glass ionomer cement (SZ-GIC) and determine its biocompatibility, physical, adhesive and antibacterial properties. Methods: Silver nitrate and sodium zeolite were used to synthesize silver zeolite (SZ). SZ-GICs were prepared by incorporating SZ into GIC at 5% (SZ-GIC5), 2% (SZ-GIC2), or 1% (S...

Objective: To explore and analyse the perspective of patients undergoing and recovering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) therapy. Methods: Thirty-three NPC patients at different stages of treatment were enrolled. Seven were actively undergoing treatment, 13 were immediately post-treatment, and 13 were long-term. Patients were interviewed usin...

Statement of problem Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology has greatly improved the efficiency of the fabrication of dental prostheses. However, the design process (CAD stage) is still time-consuming and labor intensive. Purpose The purpose of this feasibility study was to investigate the accuracy of a novel a...

Introduction: Digital workflows were enormously developed during the recent years together with popularity of intraoral scanner and computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. However, many clinical practitioners are still uncertain about the practical applicability as well as its pros and cons of digital dentures techniques. This revie...

Background Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intra-oral scanner (IOS) have many clinical applications in dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the use of CBCT and IOS among dentists in Hong Kong and the determinants of their adoption of this technology. Methods Participants were drawn by systematic sampling from the List of Regist...

Introduction: Full coverage crowns designed according to individual patients’ oral environments and retaining the original functions and esthetics are essential for modern prosthodontic treatments. CAD-CAM systems can decrease the time needed to produce a dental prosthesis. Yet, the treatment process is still lengthy and labor-intensive, and crowns...

A nonrestorative approach to the management of dental erosion is the foremost option: controlling dental erosion. The objectives of this study are to provide an overview and to summarise the effects and properties of topical anti-erosive agents as a nonrestorative treatment of dental erosion. A literature search was conducted on five databases of p...

Objective The present study aimed to determine the site and severity of maxillomandibular asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery in asymmetric patients. Materials and methods Presurgery and postsurgery cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 21 facial asymmetry patients (7 males and 14 females, mean age: 23.0 ± 3.36 years) with soft...

Objective: To assess the marginal and bacterial microleakage in zirconia and CAD-CAM or cast Co-Cr implant abutments. Methods: Sixty-four conical connection implants with their respective abutments were divided into four groups (Co-Cr (milled, laser-sintered and cast) and Zirconia (milled)). All specimens were subjected to a chewing simulation a...

Objectives: Dental prostheses aim to restore patients’ oral functions and esthetics through biomimetics. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) designed single-tooth dental prosthesis concerning biomimetics. Methods: Digitized dental models of subjects satisfying inclusion/exclusion criteria were obtained u...

Introduction: The trending digital complete dentures with its superiority over conventional fabrication raise the question of which clinical and laboratory procedures should be used. Suboptimal procedures increase complications of digital dentures and the needs to adjust/repair/remake that resulted in extra clinical visits and costs. Objectives: T...

Introduction: Denture cleanliness could be assessed by various methods: plaque-weighing, biochemical assays, microbiological counts, and visual assessments on area of denture plaque. Indices and planimetric assessments (area measurement) of denture plaque are commonly used visual assessment methods. Objectives: This review evaluated the effectiven...

Background Dental prostheses, which aim to replace missing teeth and to restore patients’ appearance and oral functions, should be biomimetic and thus adopt the occlusal morphology and three-dimensional (3D) position of healthy natural teeth. Since the teeth of an individual subject are controlled by the same set of genes (genotype) and are exposed...

Purpose: To investigate the error accumulation and distribution through various stages of the digital workflow for complete-arch implant-supported framework fabrication. Materials and methods: A resin model of edentulous maxilla with 6 dental implants was scanned using an intraoral scanner for 10 times (Complete-digital group). Ten conventional...

Objectives To compare 2 implant scan bodies with different geometry on the accuracy of the virtual alignment process in the digital workflow. Materials and Methods A master model of the edentulous maxilla with 6 implants and multi-unit abutments (MUA) inserted was fabricated. Six dome-shaped and cuboidal scan bodies were mounted on the MUAs respec...

The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to record the natural head position (NHP) of a subject using the scout images of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans. The first step was to align a hanging mirror with the vertical (XY) plane of the CBCT field-of-view (FOV) volume. Then, two scout CBCT images, at frontal and at sagitta...

Objectives The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the virtual techniques for registering single-implant position to the physical gold standard using a universal-coordinate system. Materials and methods Thirty dentate maxillary resin models with a dental implant inserted in the incisor region were prepared. On each model, a tooth-supported a...

The World Dental Federation (FDI) policy statement in 2016 advocated evidence-based caries-control measures for managing dental caries. The caries management philosophy has shifted from the traditional surgical manners to minimal intervention dentistry. Minimal intervention dentistry aims to extend the longevity of natural teeth. It places the nonr...

Background To investigate the preference and perception on intraoral scanning and impression making among dental students. Methods Final-year dental students from the 2019 and 2020 cohorts were invited to complete an online questionnaire via Google-Form. Their preference on the intraoral-scanning/impression making techniques and their perception o...

Objectives To develop a novel auxiliary device for improving the accuracy of intraoral implant scanning in the complete-edentulous arch. Materials and methods A standard model of edentulous maxilla with 6 dummy implants was prepared. Scan bodies were attached to the model, which was scanned by a laboratory scanner. A simulated mucosa (Group 0), a...

Background: To investigate the preference and perception on intraoral scanning and impression making among dental students. Methods: Final-year dental students from the 2019 and 2020 cohorts were invited to complete an online questionnaire via Google-Form. Their preference on the intraoral-scanning/impression making techniques and their perception...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S276717.].

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the microgaps at the implant–abutment interface when zirconia (Zr) and CAD/CAM or cast Co–Cr abutments were used. Methods: Sixty-four conical connection implants and their abutments were divided into four groups (Co–Cr (milled, laser-sintered and castable) and Zirconia (milled)). After chewing simul...

As soon as saliva contacts the teeth surface, salivary proteins adhere to the tooth surface to form acquired salivary pellicle. The formation of this acquired salivary pellicle is a dynamic and selective process of macromolecular adsorption and desorption. Although acquired salivary pellicle contains proteins and peptides, it also contains lipids,...

Background The fit of implant‐supported prostheses is of prime importance for the long‐term success of implant therapy. Purpose This systematic review aimed to evaluate recent evidence on current techniques for assessing implant‐framework misfit, its associated strain/stress, and whether these misfits are related to mechanical, biological, and cli...

cantilevered (CL2) and three-unit fixed-movable (FM3) RBFPDs for replacement of single molar-sized spans. Materials and Methods: : Subjects with an 8−10mm molar-sized edentulous span(s) and 12 pairs of occluding units were randomly assigned to receive either CL2 or FM3 RBFPD (ratio 1:1). The survival (retention of original prosthesis) and success (...

Replacing missing teeth distal to the last standing teeth with removable partial dentures poses considerable challenge to dentists. However, the insertion of implants turns a free-end saddle into a bounded saddle. Still, patients may not be able to accept implant insertions due to financial reasons, systemic medical conditions, local anatomical fac...

Despite global efforts to improve individuals’ oral health, a considerable proportion of patients still progress to the stage in which the extractions of all teeth in one arch or both are indicated. An immediate complete denture remains a relatively accessible treatment option, particularly for those patients who cannot afford or do not need implan...

A well-designed removable partial denture can replace the loss of hard and soft tissues, restore masticatory function and maintain arch integrity. It is relatively simple, non-invasive and economical compared to other treatment options. Removable partial denture is therefore a common option among various treatment replacing missing teeth. A removab...

Objectives: To compare the accuracies of 4 laboratory scanners using a new custom-made block for complete-arch implant rehabilitation. Materials and methods: A block comprised 4 cylinders, with 2 in the anterior (0° angulation) and 2 in the posterior region (45° distal angulation) (Experimental group) and a standard block with 2 parallel cones i...

Purpose: To systematically review the current evidence on clinical and patient-reported outcomes of implant-supported palatal obturator prostheses. Materials and methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was carried out in June 2019. The titles and abstracts of all articles were screened by two independe...

Objectives To evaluate the reproducibility of complete arch scanning with multiple implant scan bodies using a laboratory scanner. Methods A master model of edentulous maxillary arch with 6 implants was fabricated. PEEK scan bodies were inserted into the model and consecutively scanned using a dental laboratory scanner (N = 10, Group C). Another 1...

Objectives This study was conducted to examine the tooth wear status of nasopharyngeal-carcinoma (NPC) patients who had received radiotherapy at least 5-year previously, and to investigate the salivary parameters that may be associated with the tooth wear. Methods Tooth wear status of NPC survivors were clinically assessed using the Exact Tooth We...

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of tungsten-carbide grinding on the surface characteristics and mechanical strength of dental 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP). Methods: Two types of tungsten-carbide burs (TC), 6-blade (TC1) and 8-blade (TC2) were used to grind 3Y-TZP, in a dental air-turbine handpiece with water-cooling...

Purpose/Aim: The objective of this preliminary study was to compare the degree of microleakage and the t at the abutment-implant interface of different cobalt-chromium abutments, depending on manufacturing tech- nique, compared to zirconia abutments. Materials and Methods: In this transversal in vitro study, the t and microleakage of a total of 60...

The aim of this clinical report is to describe the use of the photogrammetric system and intraoral scanning as a reliable technique to record the three-dimensional implant positions of a full-arch maxillary implant-supported fixed rehabilitation in which the implants were unfavorably positioned. The stereo camera of the photogrammetric system was u...

Objectives: Two-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) offer long-term retention for anterior and premolar-sized spans. At this center, molar and longer spans have been restored with fixed-movable (FM) RBFPDs to overcome the lower retention rates of fixed-fixed RBFPDs. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-ter...

A wide range of commonly-performed dental procedures, from operative caries removal, crown preparation, filling, to Orthodontia, could potentially benefit from robotic assistance or enhancement. Despite the wide applicability, dental robots have received far less research attention in comparison with surgical robots in general, with the vast majori...

The Objective of this research protocol is compare the degree of microleakage and fit of chrome-cobalt frameworks, depending on their manufacturing technique, against zirconia abutments. A tansversal IN VITRO comparative study of 60 titanium implants, 15 cobalt-chrome cast frameworks, 15 sintered cobalt-chrome frameworks and 15 milled cobalt-chrom...