Wahied Khawar Balwan

Govt. Degree College Kilhotran Doda Jammu and Kashmir India · Zoology

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide and now emerging as an epidemic world over. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose levels, resulting from insufficient or inefficient insulin secretion, with alterations in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Type-2 diabetes i...

Milk is most commonly consumed by people all over the world and is considered as complete food. It is one of the most nutritious drinks and is rich in high-quality protein, an excellent source of vitamins and minerals like Calcium, Vitamins A, B2 and B12. Milk is the ideal food for all age groups of human being. Milk proteins are generally composed...

Malaria has been one of humanity's oldest and deadliest diseases. Despite gains over the first 15 years of this millennium, malaria control has stagnated in the last several years, with resurgence and rising morbidity in several highly endemic countries exacerbated by service disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Malaria imposes great socioecon...

Dengue is one of the most critical and rapidly spreading vector borne disease in the world. It is caused by an RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (arthropods) and thus is an arbovirus. Dengue spreads through the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes mosquitoes also serve as vectors of c...

Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety. It can affect anyone from elementary students up to doctoral research candidates. Most of us experience some degree of stress or anxiety before taking an exam. However, when this distress becomes so excessive that it interferes with performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety.

Dengue is one of the most critical and rapidly spreading vector borne disease in the world. It is caused by an RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (arthropods) and thus is an arbovirus. Dengue spreads through the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes mosquitoes also serve as vectors of c...

Research is one of the means by which we seek to discover the truth. It is based upon the tacit assumption that the world is a cosmos whose happenings have causes and are controlled by forces and relationships that can be expressed as laws and principles. Discovery of these controls of nature provides us with a hunting license to search for ways of...

The rise of Coronavirus variants-Variants of Concern (VOC) has highlighted the huge influence evolutionary biology has on daily life. A variant of concern is a strain of COVID-19 that has been observed to be more infectious, more likely to cause breakthrough or re-infections in those who are vaccinated or previously infected. These variants are mor...

Marriage is one of the important vital event and entry in to reproductive life in India. Prevalence and pattern of marriage varies across the states, regions and according to their religion and caste. Consanguineous marriages have been practiced since the early existence of humans. Consanguinity is the marriage between close relatives. Though consa...

Earth, the green planet is the only planet in our solar system known to host life. In the absence of food and water, life cannot survive. Without productive soil, the world would fail to support even half of its present organisms, or a tenth of its human population. At present, basic natural resources needed for human life are either growing scarce...

Adulteration is a very serious problem posing serious health risks in India. In every product there is adulteration. Starting from our daily groceries, it moves on to our life saving medicines. The sinners have not spared even infants' milk products. India has revamped its system of food law, from multi-level, multi-department to one strong food la...

Children of the world are innocent, vulnerable and dependent. They are all curious, active and full of hope. Their life should be full of joy and peace, playing, learning and growing. Their future should be shaped in harmony and cooperation. Their childhood should mature, as they broaden their perspectives and gain new experience. Abandoning the ch...

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious viral disease which affects a wide range of ruminants and was first reported in India in 1964. Bluetongue Virus (BTV) is devastating haemorrhagic viral disease of both wild and domestic ruminants, classified among category 'A' diseases notifiable to the World Organization of animal Health (OIE). The vector of the di...

Biofuels are one of the largest sources of renewable energy in use today. Biofuels are a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The main idea behind biofuel is to replace traditional fuels with those made from plant material or other feed stocks that are renewa...

Memory function is crucial for everyday life, ranging from mental arithmetic to long-term planning. Human memory function is well characterized in terms of neural correlates associated with behaviour and mental disorders. Memory is the superior (logical or intellectual) cognitive process that defines the temporal dimension of our mental organizatio...

Human beings have learned to live with climate variability on various timescales, from daily to decadal. However, Climate change is a defining challenge of our times. Its impact and implications will be global, far-reaching and largely irreversible. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather disasters such as floods, droughts and meg...

The question with language and thought is, which comes first? Does language shape thought or vice-versa? From a psychological viewpoint, Piaget asserts that thought exists without language; whereas Chomsky, from the linguist's point of view, stresses the influence of language on thought. The relationship between thought and language is a huge topic...

Review Article Hypertension (HTN) and stress are often referred to as the "silent killers". The reason the condition is termed as 'silent killer' is because more than 30% of people who have high blood pressure are not even aware of it. Most of the times, there are very minor symptoms or no symptoms at all. Some of the signs you must look out for ar...

Mucormycosis or the grimmer popular name, Black Fungus has evoked public concern in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic but the disease is not that uncommon, medical literature from India shows. Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. Rare, life threatening COVID-19 complications appear to be es...

Globally, obesity is becoming a public health problem in the general population. Obesity is escalating at an alarming rate worldwide, affecting children and adults in both developed and developing countries. Obesity means excess deposition of fat in the body. It is caused by ingestion of greater amounts of food than can be used by the body for ener...

Alzheimer's Disease is the most common cause of Dementia. This is an incurable, neurodegenerative and terminal disease. Despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty, and human conflicts, dementia incidence is destined to increase in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Current data from developing countries suggest...

The Hypersexuality disorder or the uncontrollable sexual behaviour is leading the whole society in all age groups towards the destruction, where as Adults are more likely to be prone to this disorder, because of Hormonal changes and other various causes lead them to this destructive disorder. Hypersexual disorder is a pattern of behavior involving...

Dalader acuticosta a member of Coreidae (Coreinae: Daladerini), has been reported first time from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It belongs to the Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera, Family Coreidae, and Subfamily Coreinae. In India it is found in West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya and Himachal Pradesh. It is very beaut...

Globalization and economic progress have been accompanied with an increase in the incidence of lifestyle diseases worldwide. Lifestyle Diseases are a major public health problem globally. According to World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 71% of all deaths globally were attributed to Lifestyle Diseases, a subset of non-communicable diseases (NCDs...

In India, human lymphatic filariasis is the most common vector borne disease after malaria. Lymphatic Filariasis caused by nematode worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi is a major health problem in India, which afflict mostly poor people. The disease leads to disfiguring pathological conditions, severe social stigma, psychological problems...

A wetland is an ecological community that is inundated either year around or seasonally. Wetlands are found from the tundra to the tropics and on every continent except Antarctica. There are many kinds of wetlands and many ways to categorize them. Two general categories of wetlands are recognized namely coastal or tidal wetlands and inland or non-t...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health issue worldwide. The risk factors for the premature death among the patients of tuberculosis increased per year all over the world. Despite chemotherapy, tuberculosis becomes a serious problem throughout the world. Evidence of substantial, quantifiable and preventable burdens of mortality hazard eve...

Fish oil is the oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. It is recommended for a healthy diet because it contains the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA), precursors to eicosanoids that reduce inflammation throughout the body. Fish oils are required to be added in minute quantities for optimum health be...

Genetic testing focuses on DNA molecules that are packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Gene mutations occur due to changes to the DNA sequence, chromosomal structure, or number of chromosomes. Genetic aberrations play an essential role in many genetic disorders and can be inherited from parents or occur spontaneously during embr...

Waste has been a major environmental issue everywhere including the Doda region of Jammu and Kashmir, due to the increase in the population and the standard of living of people. High standards of living of ever increasing population have resulted in an increase in the quantity and variety of waste generated. It is now realized that if waste gener...

Down's syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 is the most common genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 660 live births. Genetic counselling is a communication process which deals with the human problems associated with the occurrence or the risk of occurrence of a genetic disorder in a family. Down's syndrome was first described by an English physician,...

Waste has been a major environmental issue everywhere ever since the onset of Industrial revolution. In Doda region of Jammu and Kashmir, due to the increase in the population and the standard of living of people, there has been a tremendous increase in the quantity and variety of waste generation like all other areas of India. There has been rapid...

Sound pollution or environmental noise, mainly caused by transportation and transport systems like vehicles, trains, or planes, and machines, music systems, megaphones and industries refers to a sound that is annoying, a nuisance or undesired for the ears and that which can impact the activity or behavior of the animal and human life. Animals strug...

Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms that are raised in germ free environments or ones that contain only specifically known germs. The gnotobiotic laboratory animal is potentially a very valuable tool for investigating any suspected interaction between the host and its associated microflora or between different compon...

COVID-19 has proved to be a social disease due to its widespread diffusion in the general population across the globe. While socialization is a risk factor for the spread of the SARS-COV-2, health protection measures such as isolation and lockdown further aggravated the 'social' burden of COVID-19. Diseases with social impact require a management...

Traffic noise is unwanted sound that comes from vehicles operating on roadways. During the study it was found that noise level of Samba town of Jammu and Kashmir, India is deteriorating at an alarming rate. Outdoor Equivalent Noise Level (Leq), Noise Pollution Level (LNP), Noise Climate (NC) and Traffic Noise Index (TNI) exhibited variable trends a...

Mental Retardation is an intellectual disability that results in intellectual capabilities significantly below average. Mental retardation can interfere with learning, the ability to care for oneself, and the ability to meet general societal expectations about how to behave. Counseling implies a series of interaction between a trained counselor and...

Mental Retardation is an intellectual disability that results in intellectual capabilities significantly below average. Mental retardation can interfere with learning, the ability to care for oneself, and the ability to meet general societal expectations about how to behave. Counseling implies a series of interaction between a trained counselor and...

Every minute of every day, a baby is born. Most babies are easily seen to be a girl or a boy. Imagine how confusing it must be when we don't know the sex of a newborn? This is rare and it can be very upsetting for parents. During the present study, a total of 17 individuals with unassigned sex were enrolled for chromosome study. These 17 individual...

Chromosomal study in congenital anomalies.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to rank among the world’s most serious health problems caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are several factors which are responsible for the exposure of tuberculosis among the communities. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major factors for the exposure of tuberculosis disease among the persons. Wo...

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to rank among the world’s most serious health problems caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are several factors which are responsible for the exposure of tuberculosis among the communities. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major factors for the exposure of tuberculosis disease among the persons. Wo...

The fatal pandemic that has hit more than 12,924,432 individuals and caused deaths of almost 5,69,082 so far regardless of the across the country lockdown having played anarchy with our lives. The current circumstance emerging out of COVID-19 has taken a harsher toll not withstanding the mortalities, miseries and distortions that pandemic has c...

Down’s syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality which occurs with a frequency of 1 in 600 to 1 in 1000 new borns. Down’s syndrome is the commonest autosomal disorder having mental retardation and developmental delay, in addition to typical phenotype that make this syndrome different from other syndromes. During the course of study, param...

Down's syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality which occurs with a frequency of 1 in 600 to 1 in 1000 new borns. Down's syndrome is the commonest autosomal disorder having mental retardation and developmental delay, in addition to typical phenotype that make this syndrome different from other syndromes. During the course of study, param...

The COVID-19 pandemic is first and foremost a health crisis. The petrifying and severe impact of COVID-19 has shaken the world to its core.The COVID-19 pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the near total closures of schools, colleges and universities. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational i...

Primary Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menarche by 14 years in absence of secondary sexual characteristics or no menstruation at the age of 16 years with normal growth and secondary sexual traits. In adolescent girls, it is one of the most common gynecological problems. Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with primary amenorrhea contribute a...

The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated from different activities in the township and city areas are a subject of deep concern for its proper management. The improper management of the MSW is a major cause for water, air and soil pollution. Despite some progress, municipal solid waste (MSW) still remains one of the major challenges in environment...

Patau a very rare chromosomal disorder caused by trisomy of 13 chromosomes was reported from J and K.

Birth of male or female child is a very vital issue. Our society needs awakening on this issue. If Y-chromosomes is responsible for the maleness, then who possess and passes this chromosome into the zygote? Mother or Father; Should we punish someone who has committed no mistake? We need to educate our society with respect to the birth of a son or a...

The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis),once very common birds, have declined markedly in most parts of the India including Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir. Once these birds were distributed widely in Doda district but over the past few years, they became not so common in this region. A study has been conduct...

Chromosome study was carried out in 118 suspected cases of Down’s syndrome. Chromosomal abnormality was detected in 59 cases.

Cytogenetics of the green toad, Pseudepidalea viridiswas studied from Jammu and Kashmir (India). Conventional Giemsa staining showed that the toad species has diploid number (2n) as 22 and all the chromosomes were biarmed (NF=44). Karyotype comprised of 11 pairs of chromosomes arranged in two groups. Fourth pair was submetacentric whereas all other...

A rare azoospermic 19 years old on ultrasonography was found to have with uterus and ovaries in the abdominal region. Testes could neither be located in the scrotal sac nor in the inguinal region. XY sex chromosome pattern was established by preparing the karyotypes. INTRODUCTION Azoospermia is the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. The th...

Typhoid fever (or enteric fever) remains a deadly disease in developing countries, particularly in India. Although, the paediatric population is mainly affected by this disease, however, the disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in adult populations as well. Typhoid fever is an orally transmitted infectious disease caused by...

Turner syndrome is one of the commonest sex chromosomal abnormalities where the leading cause is monosmy of X chromosome. Karyotypic study was carried out in 13 cases of suspected Turner syndrome from the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. Of the 13 cases, abnormal karyotypes were detected in 06 cases (46.1%) and normal karyotype was detected in 07...

Over the past four decades, tobacco use has caused an estimated 12 million deaths in the world, including 4.1 million deaths from cancer, 5.5 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 2.1 million deaths from respiratory diseases and 94,000 infant deaths related to mothers smoking during pregnancy. According to the WHO, tobacco is the single grea...

Over the past four decades, tobacco use has caused an estimated 12 million deaths in the world, including 4.1 million deaths from cancer, 5.5 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 2.1 million deaths from respiratory diseases and 94,000 infant deaths related to mothers smoking during pregnancy. According to the WHO, tobacco is the single grea...

Chrysopaa sternosignata is a thoroughly aquatic species, inhabiting clear pools with flowing Karez water. When disturbed it jumps into the depths of the water and hides under gravel at the bottom or under dense marginal vegetation and thick floating algal cover. The frog never leaves the water; even in freezing winter when the upper water surface i...

Three deformed specimen of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham. Buch.), showing anomalies were collected from fish ponds at Birpur region of Jammu province of J&K. The three specimens were found to have anomalies like truncated post dorsal body with ventral bulging in anal region; absence of caudal region, and attenuate post dorsal body with a hump in the dorsa...

Male Infertility is the inability of males to reproduce. Infertility is the inability of an individual to reproduce. It affects both males and females all over the world. The state of Jammu and Kashmir is no exception. Present study first of its kind in Jammu region of Jammu & Kashmir state, India, is an account of the chromosome study carried out...

Larval cannibalism was observed in the Indus Valley toad, Duttaphrynus stomaticus in Jammu (India), in a natural temporary breeding pond. The larvae were found feeding on eggs and other conspecifics. The behavior was most probably because of the high population density and scarcity of the nutritious food which act as crucial factors in prolonged br...

In the present study, a total of 150 individuals in different age group presenting clinical profile like genetically uncertain syndrome, multiple congenital anomalies, short stature, facial dysmorphism, abnormal behaviour, unclassified mental retardation and Down syndrome were referred to the Human Genetic Research cum Counselling centre, Jammu to...

Androgen insensitivity (testicular feminization) syndrome is a rare inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism that occurs in phenotypically normal women with adequate breast development, normal external genitalia, a vagina of variable depth, absent uterus, and sparse or absent pubic hair and axillary hair. These patients have male karyotype (XY)...

In the present study, a total of 150 individuals in different age group presenting clinical profile like genetically uncertain syndrome, multiple congenital anomalies, short stature, facial dysmorphism, abnormal behaviour, unclassified mental retardation and Down syndrome were referred to the Human Genetic Research cum Counselling centre, Jammu to...

An 11-day-old female child, the third in birth order of a nonconsanguineous couple, was found to have a double trisomy (48, XXX+21) upon karyotyping. The proband has the typical Down’s syndrome phenotype and the same was attributed to trisomy-21. The occurrence of double aneuploidy is a relatively rare phenomenon in human (MacFaul et al. 1981; Cyru...