Wafaa Abd El-Ghany

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Cairo University

The concerns about the possible adverse effects of synthetic feed additives in livestock production world-wide has led producers to search for alternative natural feed additives. Propolis (bee glue) is a mixture of natural viscous substances that are collected by honeybees from plants. This natural product consists of about 200–300 compounds with h...

Simple Summary Using antibiotics as growth promoters or antimicrobials is a potential health hazard. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been extensively used in several aspects of poultry production systems. Therefore, this review article discusses the impact of using garlic as a feed additive on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant stat...

The use of antibiotics as growth promotors or for the prevention of some poultry diseases has face global concern and serious criticism. Their addition to poultry feed show hazardous effects including development of antimicrobial resistance and the potential harmful effect on humans’ health. To eliminate these threats, there is increasing interest...

Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under certain circumstances of immunosuppression, co-infection (especially with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma), or various stressors, G. anatis caused respiratory, reproductive, and system...

A comparison of the efficacy of apathogenic genotype I (V4) and lentogenic genotype II (LaSota) strains of live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines was performed following vaccination with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII.1.1 (vNDV-VII.1.1). Eight groups (Gs)...

Avian salmonellosis is concomitant with high financial crises in the poultry industry as well as food-borne illness in man. The present study is designed to investigate the emergence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimu-rium in diseased broilers, resistance profiles, and monitoring virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently...

Various types of phytobiotics have been recently used in poultry production systems to avoid the development of drug resistance and tissue residues. One such phytobiotic is holy basil or tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), an aromatic plant with multiple therapeutic functions. The powder or extract of tulsi is rich in essential oils and organic acids, which ha...

The addition of antibiotic growth promotors in poultry diets results in a development of resistant bacterial strains and accumulation of drug residues in the meat and eggs. The new trend in poultry industry is the dietary addition of natural feed additives including phytobiotics. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a natural cheap feed source that...

Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their products. A disease caused by Aeromonas spp. is designated as aeromoniasis. It can affect different aquatic animals, mammals, and birds in different geographic regions. Moreover, gastrointe...

Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is the bacterial cause of an economically important and serious disease of ducks and other poultry species. Extensive reports showed that this disease condition is widely distributed in different countries since 1904. Horizontal and mechanical transmissions are important routes of R. anatipestifer dissemi...

Avibacterium paragallinarum is widely distributed all over the world in poultry farms. The purpose of this review was to describe IC disease in chickens caused by A. paragallinarum in terms of incidence, pathogenicity, diagnosis, and management. The disease is characterized by upper respiratory affection that is represented by conjunctivitis, sinus...

The current study aimed to characterize Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) isolates from layers and breeder chickens in Egypt regarding in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern. In doing so, spleen, liver, lungs, and heart, were taken aseptically from chickens suffering from a drop in egg production, septicemia, respiratory manifest...

This study was designed to isolate and characterize the pathogenicity of the most common bacteria causing enteric diseases in broilers in some Egyptian governorates. Enteric bacterial organisms like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonellae, and Clostridia perfringens (C. perfringens) were isolated and identified from 100 dead and diseased broilers i...

Avian mycobacteriosis is a chronic debilitating disease of birds which poses a public health threat. In avian species, the disease is primarily caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium. Nearly all bird species are susceptible to this infection, with older birds being more susceptible than younger ones. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated...

Simple Summary The effects of antibiotics as alternative feed additives on the health of poultry have gained promising results. Betaine has been extensively used in the poultry industry as a potential metabolite. This review article focuses on the interaction between betaine and other elements, such as methionine, choline, and creatine. In addition...

One of the most effective vitamins in the musculoskeletal structure and immune system of farm animals is Vitamin D. The widespread risk of Vitamin D deficiency states is known widely resulting in autoimmune diseases, diabetes, rickets, metabolic bone diseases, and cancers. The aim of this review is to address the subject of Vitamin D deficiency in...

This work was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a postbiotic compound produced by stabilized non-viable Lactobacilli on the health, growth performance, immunity, and gut status against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) challenge of broiler chickens. A total of 400, day-old broiler chicks were allocated into 4 equal groups (1–4) consisting of 100; eac...

Background: Gallibacterium anatis is incriminated frequently in severe economic losses and mortalities in the poultry industry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of G. anatis in layer chickens, sequence analysis, the antibiogram profiles, and PCR screening of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Accordingly, 30...

Mange in rabbits is a very important parasitic disease causing high losses. The disease is caused mainly by Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes cuniculi, Cheyletiella parasitovorax, and Notoedres cati. Body mange and ear mange are the most common forms of this disease in rabbits. Animals can get mite infestation through direct contact with infected animal...

Prevention of necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), is one of the most important goals to improve the profitability of broiler chickens. This work aimed to compare the efficacy of two antibiotic alternatives including a postbiotic (dry feed additive and aqueous nonviable Lactobacillus (L.) species fermentation...

The main goals of recent poultry production sectors are to enhance the immune response of the birds, improve the performance, reduce mortalities and reduce stressors. These goals can be easily achieved through dietary supplementation with vitamins. Vitamin E is one of the fat-soluble vitamin that has been used from last decades for different poultr...

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases affecting a wide range of host species. The disease is widely distributed all over the world. Cryptosporidium species can affect different avian hosts, causing severe economic losses. The severity of avian cryptosporidiosis symptoms vary from asymptomatic disease to severe e...

Zinc (Zn) is a unique micro-mineral because it is an essential component in many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as being important for regulation of proteins and lipids metabolism, and sex hormones. This mineral is applied in poultry production in three forms; inorganic, organic, and nano...

The aims of this investigation were characterization, demonstration of the antibiogram pattern and detection of the pathogenicity of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) strains isolated from broiler chickens in Damietta governorate, Egypt. A total of 357 samples representing 202 intestinal contents and 155 liver samples from freshly dead broil...

This work was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a postbiotic compound produced by stabilized non-viable Lactobacilli on the health, growth performance, immunity, and gut status against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) challenge of broiler chickens. A total of 400, day-old broiler chicks were allocated into 4 equal groups (1-4) consisting of 100; eac...

This review article provides more information about the incidence of helminths affect the gastrointestinal tracts of poultry in different countries, life cycle, clinical picture, diagnosis, and prevention and control measures of such infections. Backyard and deep litter production systems show higher helminth infections than cage system. Moreover,...

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus normally present on the skin and internal organs of animals, birds, and humans. Under certain conditions, S. aureus could produce septicemia and affection of the skin, joints, and heart, as well as sepsis and death. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is associated with the presence of some virulent surfac...

Poultry production is considered as a major source of livelihood for millions of people all over the world. In the last decades, domestic ducks have become increasingly important for meat and egg production. Ducks are susceptible to some specific important viral diseases. Duck viral hepatitis, and duck viral enteritis are diseases of significant im...

Nanotechnology is an innovative promising technology that has a great scope of applications as well as a socioeconomic potential in poultry industry sector. Nanoparticles (NPs) show advantages of high absorption and bioavailability with more effective delivering to the target tissue compared to their bulk particles. Nanomaterials show variable form...

Protein production from animal origin should increase to meet the needs of a growing global population. This article presents an overview on copper (Cu) forms and their importance for animals’ physiological functions. Moreover, it will focus on the current and promising nano-Cu applications in poultry, livestock, and fish production systems. Use of...

This review article was developed to the infection of avian species with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), diagnosis, pet bird and human infection, and control methods with a special reference to the current status of infection among the Egyptian poultry farms and population. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a unicellular, protozoan paras...

ABSTRACT Villus surface area (VSA) is measured to reflect the active absorption surface of the intestine under different experimental conditions. In context, it has been recommended to use a suitable model for calculating VSA of different shapes. However, no more attention has been paid to this point. Thus, a mathematical model, to calculate the VS...

Zoonotic diseases are diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a pathogen with zoonotic nature. Commercial poultry could be infected with P. aeruginosa, especially at young ages with great losses. Infection of embryos with P. aeruginosa induced death in the shell, while infection...

As a result of increasing the resistance to antimicrobials in the field of veterinary medicine that reflects on human health, there is a great demand to use some drug alternatives. The application of avian immunoglobulins (IgY) is regarded as an important alternative strategy. The IgYs have been produced by several techniques and applied for animal...

The genus Raoultella contains Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica), which was previously named as Klebsiella ornithinolytica. R. ornithinolytica is a Gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This pathogen is normally present in aquaculture, and it has been isolated from fish, insects, and wild and domestic bi...

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination of layer chickens with inactivated FC bacterin prepared from local Egyptian strains of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida). A total of 200 layer chickens were divided into 5 equal groups, 40 for each. At the age of 6 weeks, chickens in groups (A) and (B) were vaccinated with P. mul...

Due to the hazardous use of antimicrobials in poultry production sector, development of drug resistance have become a worldwide problem. Therefore, using biotic or natural products, such as phytobiotics (phytogenics or botanicals) have received a great attention as antibiotic substitutes. The use of phytobiotics or their constituents have been cons...

Rabbits are considered an important and healthy source of animal protein all over the world. They are susceptible to important diseases that can reduce their productivity, causing severe economic losses. Coccidiosis is one of the important protozoon diseases caused by Eimeria species. Rabbits are highly susceptible to coccidiosis, especially after...

Emerging zoonotic pathogens gain more attention due to the adverse effects on human and animal’s health and productivity. One of these zoonotic pathogens is Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) which was firstly diagnosed in 1994. This bacterium is enterpathogenic in poultry and contaminates the carcasses meat during processing or improper handling....

With the high rise of drug resistance in microbial populations, there has been a surge in researches to find new natural antibiotics alternative compounds that can be used safely in both humans and animals. The main goals of using this category of alternatives are maintaining the gut microbiome in healthy conditions and preventing the attachment of...

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is considered as one of the most important viral diseases that affects and threatens rabbit’s flocks. This disease has affected rabbits since mid-1980. Two epidemics of RHD had been discovered; the first was in mid-1980 and known as classical RHD virus (RHDV), while the second was in 2011 and described as variant vi...

Salmonellosis is an important food borne disease of public health significance. Global estimates of the disease burden shows more than 20 million cases and 0.15 million deaths annually. The disease caused by a variety of Salmonella organisms worldwide. Salmonella pathogens are belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae that are known to infect many hos...

The aim of this work was to spot light on the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains in hatcheries and dead in shell embryos. A total of 406 samples representing 200 and 206 swabs from hatcheries environment and yolk sacs of dead in shell embryos were collected from Damietta governorate, Egypt. P. aeruginosa was isolated and ide...

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of using different levels of phytobiotic containing Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf powder (MOLP) on broiler chickens body growth performance parameters, intestinal microbial population, and the humoral immune response. Day-old Hubbard broiler chicks (n = 200) were randomly allocated into 4 treatme...

World Health Organization (WHO) defined zoonotic diseases as diseases transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa with or without vector, where more than 75% of the human’s diseases have been transmitted from animals or their products. Nevertheless, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important food borne zoonotic diseases that is lik...

Nanotechnology is an emerging science field that in the years to come could have countless beneficial effects on every aspect of everyday life including animal farming. Recently, research in this sector has shown the potential for many different applications in Veterinary practice. In poultry farming in particular, various nanoparticles have been e...

In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) strains from different Egyptian layers and breeders chicken flocks was carried out. Organs were collected from 55 chicken’s flocks represented 39 layers and 16 broilers and layers breeders in Egypt during the period 2016-2017. Six birds were take...

T HE COLLECTED 942 samples (6 organ/bird) from 157 birds taken from 34 broiler chicken farms aged 2-31 days including 13 and 21 clinical diseased and apparently health flock as well as 221 hatchery samples. Samples were tested for isolation of Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Results of isolation from chicken flocks with clinical signs are...

The present work was planned to study the immune response and protection of chickens vaccinated with locally prepared combined inactivated vaccine of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) adjuvanted with Montanide ISA70. The prepared vaccine was evaluated by measurement of nitric oxide in the supernata...

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per tr...

Objectives: The efficacy of microencapsulated Na-butyrate (NaB) supplementation for reducing Salmonella enteritidis(S. enteritidis) infection was investigated. Methodology: One day old broiler chicks (n = 200) were allotted into 4 equal groups. At 2nd day of age, birds of groups 3 and 4 were challenged by crop gavage with 5X108CFU mL-1 of 5. enteri...

Objective: In this study, the immunopotency of dried coriander seed (Cr), turmeric (Tu) and thyme (Th) powders feed additives in broilers was investigated. Methodology: Three hundred, day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups, each of 3 replicate and kept for a period of 35 days. A basal diet was used to which Cr,Tu and Th were added either...

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In this study, the efficacy of acidifiers (lactic and formic acids) and probiotic preparations containing Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) and Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in reducing of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection in broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred and three day old broiler chicks were used. Three...

duct containing formaldehyde on performance, Salmonella typhimurium prevalence and immune status of broiler chickens. Three hundreds, day-old chicks (Hubbard breed) were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (4 replicates each) using 25 chicks per replicate on floor pens. Control (C) birds were offered non-supplemented basal diets. Treat...

Two strains of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) representing biotype I and II were used for preparation of bacterin. Pure, sterile and safe watery aluminium hydroxide and incomplete Freund’s oil adjuvant bivalent bacterins were prepared. Both types of bacterins were evaluated in broiler chickens through subcutaneous (S/C) inoculation at one week ol...

This study was carried out to compare between conventional cultural isolation methods and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for the detection of Salmonella in broiler chicks. About 120 livers and intestinal contents samples were collected from 1800 day-old imported and local broiler chicks. The incidence of Salmonellae among im...

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of a phytobiotic containing a mixture of essential oils of Oreganum aetheroleum and an antibiotic containing ciprofloxacin as an active principle for the treatment of experimental Escherichia colt (E. coli) infection in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 5 equal g...

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and a phytobiotic (turmeric powder) to counteract the toxic effects of aflatoxin BR 1 R in broiler 1 T chickens.1 T Five hundred, day-old broiler chicks were divided equally into five groups. Birds of group (1) were fed on plain ration containing nei...

Aim: The effect of a specific combination of a soluble β(1-3) D-Glucan and Propionibacterium granulosum (Betamune®) was investigated on productive performance, immune response and immune dysfunction caused by cyclophosphamide (CP) in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated...

Aim: The effect of a specific combination of a soluble β (1-3) D-Glucan and Propionibacterium granulosum (Betamune ) was investigated on productive performance, immune response and immune dysfunction caused by cyclophosphamide (CP) in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocate...

This study was carried out for serological and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and its toxins recovered from apparently healthy, diseased and dead weaned rabbits, as well as their feed and water. Identified 42 C. perfringens organisms representing 35 from rabbits and 7 from feed and water were subjected for determinatio...

A surveillance study for diagnosis of Clostridial enteritis affecting early weaned rabbits was carried out on eight Egyptian governorates. Diagnosis based on history, clinical examination, palpation, post-mortem lesions, histopathological examination, as well as isolation of different Clostridial species (spp.) causing Clostridial enteritis. Two sa...

This study was carried out to investigate serologically and molecularly the prevalent species of Salmonella present in four broiler chicken flocks in Kalubia governorate, Egypt. A bacteriological examination was done on a total of 1073 samples that collected from 293 chickens (127 apparently healthy, 62 diseased with whitish watery diarrhea and 104...

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of the locally prepared autogenous Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) bacterin as well as a probiotic preparation in the prevention of broiler chickens from S. Enteritidis infection. A total of three hundred and ten, one day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were used. At day old, ten chicks were...

In this study, a trial to detect the effect of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) experimental infection on the health status of weaned rabbits was carried out. Thirty, 5 week old weaned New Zeeland rabbits were used. Rabbits were kept for a week under observation for adaptation and ensuring absence of any clinical signs, mortalities and anaerobi...

The effect of a specific combination of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and β-glucans extracted form the cell wall of a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AGRIMOS ®) was investigated on zootechnical performance, ochratoxicosis and immune dysfunction caused by ochratoxin in broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, one day-old chickens were...

The effect of a specific combination of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and β-glucans extracted form the cell wall of a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AGRIMOS ®) was investigated on zootechnical performance, ochratoxicosis and immune dysfunction caused by ochratoxin in broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, one day-old chickens were...

This study was designed to compare between the efficacy of immunoglobuline IgY and the vaccine in the prevention of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease virus (IBD V) infection. In this study 18-week-old white Leghorn laying chickens were received live intermediate strain IBD V vaccine (D78) followed by a booster doses of inactivated...

In this investigation, a trial for preparation and evaluation of locally prepared (autogenous) bacterin against the infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum (Avi. paragallinarum) causing infectious coryza disease in layer chickens was done. Two types of adjuvant (aluminum hydroxide and mineral oil based) were compared. At 6 weeks of age, one hund...

Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is one of enteric poultry pathogens of public health importance. This work was designed to investigate certain epidemiological aspects of A. hydrophila including its viability, cycle of infection and its pathogenicity to chicks. A gentamicin resistant A. hydrophila strain (GR A. hydrophila strain) was prepared....

This work was conducted to detect the effect of using sarafloxacin (5 mg/kg body weight) in the drinking water of broiler chickens to control experimental colisepticaemia in broiler chickens. One hundred and seventy, day old broiler chicks were used in the study. Twenty chicks at the day of arrival were sacrificed and cultured to ensure absence of...

Clostridium pefringens (C. perfringens) is the organism that causes necrotic enteritis in birds and badly affects the poultq industry Although Salinomycin is an anticoccidial drug but it may indirectly affects C. perjringens infection. Synbiotics preparations are nowadays used as natural products to exclude enteric infections like C. perfringens. T...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some antimicrobials containing tiamulin and tilmicosin (as active principles) against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection both in-vitro and in-vivo . For in-vitro investigation, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of tiamulin and tilmicosin against MG organism was done. However, the i...

Usage of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) and/or bovine IgG-rich fraction in either prophylaxis or therapy of chicken colisepticaemia revealed significant reduction in both clinical and pathological pictures provided that results of prophylactic study were much better than therapeutic one. Bovine IgG rich-fraction potentiate...

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of water soluble formulation of diclazuril (1%) in the prevention and control of mixed Eimeria infection in two experimental (semifield) trials and testing efficacy of this medicament in controlling of natural field case of mixed Eimeria infection. The experimental (semifield) trials carried out e...